基于蚁群算法的网格资源调度研究
摘要
网格是构筑在互联网上的一组新兴技术,它把分布在不同地理位置上的各种计算资源整合在一起,不仅为用户提供了一个高性能的计算环境,而且也实现了资源更广泛意义上的共享。资源调度对于网格这样大规模的远程操作系统,非常重要,因为它直接影响到网格资源利用率,关系到网格系统的功能能否有效实现。而网格具有异构性、动态适应性、资源广泛分布与共享、自治性与多级管理等特殊性,这决定了网格系统中网格资源调度策略选择的重要性与复杂性。
网格中的资源调度问题是一个NP问题,而蚁群算法已被证明是解决NP问题的一种有效算法,因此,本文研究基于蚁群算法的资源调度策略。
首先研究了网格中的资源调度问题。介绍了网格定义及特点,在分析网格主要的体系结构、对比几种流行的网格仿真工具的基础上,着重研究了GridSim中的资源调度过程,然后对蚁群算法进行了研究,介绍了蚁群算法的生物学原理,给出了蚁群算法的数学模型,并对蚁群算法解决TSP问题进行实验,得出了蚁群算法中影响算法性能的重要因素。
本文还按照软件工程的方法对基于蚁群算法的资源调度策略进行了设计。在使用蚁群算法进行网格资源调度的可行性分析的基础上,分析了使用GridSim进行网格资源调度时,影响调度性能的关键因素;在调度算法的概要设计与详细设计中,重点设计了资源选择策略与资源处理策略,并对基于蚁群算法的资源调度策略进行了仿真,给出了创建资源与任务的过程以及资源调度策略模拟的伪代码,对实验结果进行了分析与评价。
实验结果表明,本文设计的基于蚁群算法的资源调度策略具有可行性,能够缩短任务完成时间,改善网格负载平衡状况,从而提高网格资源利用率与其整体性能。
Grid is a group of technologies built on Internet, which integrates the various computing resources locating in different places, offering an environment of high performance to its users and realizing the resource sharing in a wide range. Resource scheduling is very important in Grid system, one of the large-scale remote operating systems, as it matters the resource utilization of the Grid system directly and whether the whole functions could be realized effectively. Grid is featured with heterogeneousness, dynamic adaptability, resources' sharing and wide distribution, autonomy and multi-layer management, all of which determine that the importance and complexity of selecting resource scheduling policy for Grid environment.
Resource scheduling in Grid system is one of NP problems, to which Ant Colony Algorithm (ACA) has been proved to be one of the effective solutions. That's why the research focuses on designing and simulating a Grid resource scheduling strategy based on ACA.
In the very start, resource scheduling in Grid system has been studied, for which the work below has been done: the definition of Grid together with the main features and popular architectures are introduced, followed by the introduction and compare of several Grid simulating tools among which GridSim, whose resource scheduling process is studied in detail, is considered as the best choice for the later work of simulation after analyzing. Then the study on ACA has been done, the biological principles of ant colonies and its mathematical model illustrated, and practical experiments on ACA applied to TSP executed, whose results are showed out and analyzed to conclude the significant factors in the algorithm performance.
With the work above, the resource scheduling policy in Grid environment based on ACA is designed on the software engineering basis, which means firstly the feasibility of ACA applied into Grid resource scheduling is analyzed and the main factors taking important parts in scheduling performance under Grid environment are determined after simulating resource scheduling process with GridSim, and then the preliminary designing and detailed designing are completed, in which the design of resource allocating policy and resource processing policy is the key point and the Grid resource scheduling policy based on ACA is simulated, which includes the creation of resources and tasks, the design of Pseudo Code and illustration and evaluation of the experimental results.
The experimental results have showed that the resource scheduling policy based on ACA is feasible and improves the usage efficiency of resource and the general performance of Grid system by shortening the completing time of tasks and bettering the load balancing among Grid resources.
网格中的资源调度问题是一个NP问题,而蚁群算法已被证明是解决NP问题的一种有效算法,因此,本文研究基于蚁群算法的资源调度策略。
首先研究了网格中的资源调度问题。介绍了网格定义及特点,在分析网格主要的体系结构、对比几种流行的网格仿真工具的基础上,着重研究了GridSim中的资源调度过程,然后对蚁群算法进行了研究,介绍了蚁群算法的生物学原理,给出了蚁群算法的数学模型,并对蚁群算法解决TSP问题进行实验,得出了蚁群算法中影响算法性能的重要因素。
本文还按照软件工程的方法对基于蚁群算法的资源调度策略进行了设计。在使用蚁群算法进行网格资源调度的可行性分析的基础上,分析了使用GridSim进行网格资源调度时,影响调度性能的关键因素;在调度算法的概要设计与详细设计中,重点设计了资源选择策略与资源处理策略,并对基于蚁群算法的资源调度策略进行了仿真,给出了创建资源与任务的过程以及资源调度策略模拟的伪代码,对实验结果进行了分析与评价。
实验结果表明,本文设计的基于蚁群算法的资源调度策略具有可行性,能够缩短任务完成时间,改善网格负载平衡状况,从而提高网格资源利用率与其整体性能。
Grid is a group of technologies built on Internet, which integrates the various computing resources locating in different places, offering an environment of high performance to its users and realizing the resource sharing in a wide range. Resource scheduling is very important in Grid system, one of the large-scale remote operating systems, as it matters the resource utilization of the Grid system directly and whether the whole functions could be realized effectively. Grid is featured with heterogeneousness, dynamic adaptability, resources' sharing and wide distribution, autonomy and multi-layer management, all of which determine that the importance and complexity of selecting resource scheduling policy for Grid environment.
Resource scheduling in Grid system is one of NP problems, to which Ant Colony Algorithm (ACA) has been proved to be one of the effective solutions. That's why the research focuses on designing and simulating a Grid resource scheduling strategy based on ACA.
In the very start, resource scheduling in Grid system has been studied, for which the work below has been done: the definition of Grid together with the main features and popular architectures are introduced, followed by the introduction and compare of several Grid simulating tools among which GridSim, whose resource scheduling process is studied in detail, is considered as the best choice for the later work of simulation after analyzing. Then the study on ACA has been done, the biological principles of ant colonies and its mathematical model illustrated, and practical experiments on ACA applied to TSP executed, whose results are showed out and analyzed to conclude the significant factors in the algorithm performance.
With the work above, the resource scheduling policy in Grid environment based on ACA is designed on the software engineering basis, which means firstly the feasibility of ACA applied into Grid resource scheduling is analyzed and the main factors taking important parts in scheduling performance under Grid environment are determined after simulating resource scheduling process with GridSim, and then the preliminary designing and detailed designing are completed, in which the design of resource allocating policy and resource processing policy is the key point and the Grid resource scheduling policy based on ACA is simulated, which includes the creation of resources and tasks, the design of Pseudo Code and illustration and evaluation of the experimental results.
The experimental results have showed that the resource scheduling policy based on ACA is feasible and improves the usage efficiency of resource and the general performance of Grid system by shortening the completing time of tasks and bettering the load balancing among Grid resources.
引文
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[5]Globus.http://www.globus.org.2008-2-16.
[6]A.Grimshaw,M.Humphrey,A.Natrajan.A philosophical and technical comparison of legion and globus.IBM Journal of Research and Development,2004,48(2).
[7]IBM developerWorks中国:Grid computing:网格计算新手入门.http://www.ibm.com/developerworks/cn/grid/newto/.2008-2-16.
[8]洪学海,许卓群,丁文魁.网格计算技术及应用综述.计算机科学,2003,30(8):1-5,9.
[9]李三立.随心所欲享用资源--先进计算基础设施的作用与意义.计算机世界报,2001,48;B1、B3.
[10]曙光:4000A超级计算机亮相国家十五.http://www.edu.cn/newspmduct_1663/20060323/t20060323_142419.shtml.2008-2-16.
[11]都志辉,陈渝,刘鹏.网格计算.北京:清华大学出版社,2003.128-129.
[12]林昌松.网格安全技术大比拼.计算机安全,2005,(7):46-48,59.
[13]朱福喜,何炎祥.并行分布计算中的调度算法理论与设计.武汉:武汉大学出版社,2003.
[14]唐兵.基于动态价格机制的网格资源调度算法研究:[硕士学位论文].武汉:武汉理工大学通信与信息专业,2006.
[15]王育峰,杨寿保.网格计算系统研究及发展方向.计算机科学,2002,29(06):16-18.
[16]张颖峰,李毓麟.基于进化算法的网格计算资源管理调度系统.计算机工程,2003,29(15):110-111.175.
[17]Ian Foster,Alain Roy,Volker Sander.A Quality of Service Architecture that Combines Resource Reservation and Application Adaptation[A].Proceedings of 8th International Workshop on Quality of Service[C].Britain,U.K:IEEE Press,2000.181-188.
[18]赵俊,陈德人,黄昌勤.基于服务质量的可视化网格调度研究.计算机集成制造系统,2005,11(9):1279-1284.
[19]Rajkumar Buyya.Economic-based Distributed Resource Management and Scheduling for Grid Computing[D].Melbourne,Australia:Monash University,April 12,2002.
[20]黄家玮,费洪晓.网格安全问题及解决方案.现代计算机,2004,(12):32-35.
[21]周巧婷,梁洪波.网格安全的分析和研究.淮南职业技术学院学报,2004,4(3):50-52.
[22]Brian Fonseca.网格发展取得进展--实现负载平衡管理自动化.每周电脑报,2004,(10):32.
[23]刘华志,李连,朱爱红.网格安全问题初探.微机发展,2004,14(2):114-116.
[24]陈辉,王平.基于网格计算的安全体系结构分析.计算机时代,2004,(4):9-11.
[25]陈旺虎,刘晨,李厚福.支持虚拟组织的语义基础设施的动态构建方法研究.计算机学报,2006,29(7):1127-1136.
[26]高全泉.网格:面向虚拟组织的资源共享技术.计算机科学,2003,(30):1-5.
[27]I.Foster,C.Kesselman,S Tuecke.The anatomy of the Grid:Enabling scalable virtual organizations.International Journal of High Performance Computing Applications,2001,15(3):200-222.
[28]C.Morin.XtreemOS:a Grid Operating System Making Your Computer Ready for Participating in Virtual Organizations,Proceedings of ISORC 2007,10th IEEE International Symposium on Object/component/service-oriented Real-time distributed Computing,May 2007.
[29]XtreemOS consortium.Design of an infrastructure for highly-available and scalable grid services.Deliverable D3.2.1,November 2006.
[30]陈新,黄永忠,郭绍忠.两种流行的网格体系结构的比较.信息工程大学学报,2004,5(2):46-48.
[31]叶从欢,孙世新.网格计算核心技术浅析.成都信息工程学院学报,2004,19(4):521-526.
[32]应宏,王自全,陈晓峰.网格与Web服务的融合--OGSA与WSRF.计算机技术,2005,21(3):41-44.
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