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微波辐射农林废弃物制备活性炭新技术研究
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摘要
本文在简述国内外微波加热技术、活性炭制备方法及研究动态的基础上,针
    对活性炭制备技术中存在的问题,提出了微波辐射农林废弃物(椰壳、竹节、棉
    秆、烟秆)制备活性炭的新技术,得到了最佳工艺条件及各因素对活性炭吸附性
    能和得率的影响规律,并进行了微观结构和反应机理分析。
    (一)、研究了微波辐射椰壳、竹节物理法(水蒸气法)制备活性炭的新技术。
    (1) 通过条件试验分析了微波辐射椰壳水蒸气法制备提金活性炭工艺中各因素
    对产品吸附性能和得率的影响规律并得到了工艺条件:微波功率700W,活
    化时间5min,水蒸气流量4. 8mL/min。产品得率为54. 6%,碘吸附值为
    1040. 6mg/g。碘吸附值超过了国家一级标准,得率和活化时间分别为传统方
    法的2倍和1/60。
    (2) 采用正交试验得到了微波辐射椰壳炭化料水蒸气法制备提金活性炭的最佳
    工艺条件:活化时间3min、微波功率700W、水蒸气流量4. 8mL/min。产品
    碘吸附值为1031mg/g、亚甲基蓝吸附值为100mL/g、得率为60. 8%。碘吸
    附值超过了国家一级标准,得率和活化时间分别为传统方法的2倍和1/100。
    (3) 通过正交试验得到了微波辐射竹节水蒸气法制备活性炭的最佳工艺条件:活
    化时间7 min、微波功率700W、水蒸气流量3. 1mL/min,产品得率为52. 3%。
    碘吸附值为1012. 2 mg/g、亚甲基蓝吸附值为165 mL/g。其吸附指标超过了
    国家一级标准,活化时间和得率分别为传统方法的1/45和2倍。
    (二)、研究了微波辐射竹节(氯化锌法和磷酸法)、棉秆(氯化锌法)、烟秆(氯
    化铵法)化学法制备活性炭的新技术。
    (1) 通过正交试验得到了微波辐射竹节化学法(氯化锌法和磷酸法)制备活性炭
    的最佳工艺条件。氯化锌法的最佳工艺条件为:微波功率350W,辐射时间
    5min,氯化锌浓度40%。产品碘吸附值为1088. 4mg/g,亚甲基蓝吸附值为
    220mL/g,得率为39. 2%。碘吸附值超过了国家一级标准,亚甲基蓝吸附值
    为国家一级标准的1. 83倍,活化时间为传统方法的1/36;磷酸法的最佳工
    艺条件为:微波功率560W,辐射时间9min,磷酸浓度40%。产品碘吸附
    值为889. 0mg/g,亚甲基蓝吸附值为178mL/g,得率为31. 0%。亚甲基蓝吸
    附值为国家一级标准的1. 48倍,活化时间为传统方法的1/45。
    (2) 采用条件试验分析了微波辐射棉秆氯化锌法制备活性炭中各因素对活性炭
    
    
    昆明理工大学硕士论文
    摘要
     吸附性能和得率的影响规律并得到了工艺条件:微波功率56OW,活化时间
     6min,氯化锌浓度50%。产品得率为36.82%,碘吸附值为1030,Zmg/g,亚
     甲基蓝吸附值为18oml/g。碘吸附值超过了国家一级标准,亚甲基蓝吸附值
     为国家一级标准的1.5倍,活化时间为传统方法的1/36。
    (3)探讨了微波辐射烟秆氯化按法制备活性的新技术,产品碘吸附值为
     749.3mg/g,是国外用同类浸渍液所制活性炭碘吸附值的1 .82倍,得率为
     29.34%,一该法具有流程更短、效率更高、污染更小、经济效益更好的优点。
    (三)、讨论了微波辐射农林废弃物(椰壳、竹节、棉秆)制备活性炭的微观结构
    及反应机理。
     活性炭内存在大量的孔隙,微波辐射法所制活性炭较传统方法所制活性
    炭具有更加发达的孔隙,孔隙结构保存比较完整,孔隙分布均匀。
    沙
In this paper, a new technology on preparation for activated carbon from agricultural and forestry waste material (cocoa nut husk, bamboo knot, cotton stem, tobacco stem) by microwave irradiation was investigated based on the review of the technology of microwave heating and preparation for activated carbon. The processing optimum conditions and the effect rule of factors to the adsorption capability and yield of activated carbon were obtained. The microstructure of activated carbon and the reaction mechanism were discussed.
    I,The new technology on preparation for activated carbon from cocoa nut husk and bamboo knot with physical activation method (water vapour activation) by microwave irradiaton was researched.
    1,The effect rule of factors to the adsorption capability and yield in preparation for activated carbon of extracting gold from cocoa nut husk with water vapour activation by microwave irradiation was carried out by conditional experiment. The processing conditions were obtained: Microwave power is 700W, activation time is 5min and flow rate of water vapor is 4.8mL/min. The yield of activated carbon of extracting gold is 54.6%. Iodine value is 1,040.6mg/g. Iodine value exceeds the state level (GB/T12496. 8-1999). Activation time by microwave irradiation is 1/60 as fast as that of the conventional process. Yield by microwave irradiation is twice as much as that of the conventional process.
    2,The processing optimum conditions on preparation for activated carbon of extracting gold from cocoa nut husk charcoal with water vapour activation by microwave irradiation were obtained by orthogonal test: Microwave power is 700W, activation time is 3min and flow rate of water vapour is 4.8mL/min. The iodine value of activated carbon is 1,031mg/g. Decolorizing capacity for methylene blue is 100mL/g and yield is 60.8%. Iodine value exceeds the state level (GB/T12496. 8-1999). Activation time by microwave irradiation is 1/100 as fast as that of the conventional process. Yield by microwave irradiation is twice as much as that of the conventional process.
    3, The processing optimum conditions on preparation for activated carbon from
    
    
    
    bamboo knot with water vapor activation by microwave irradiation were obtained by orthogonal test: Microwave power is 700W, activation time is 7min and flow rate of water vapor is 3.1mL/min. The yield of activated carbon is 52.3%. Iodine value is 1,012.2 mg/g and decolorizing capacity for methylene blue is 165mL/g. The adsorption capability of activated carbon exceeds the state level. Activation time by microwave irradiation is 1/45 as fast as that of the conventional process. Yield by microwave irradiation is twice as much as that of the conventional process.
    II , The new technology on preparation for activated carbon from bamboo knot(ZnCl2 activation and H3PO4 activation), cotton stem(ZnCl2 activation), tobacco stem(NH4Cl activation) with chemical activation method by microwave irradiaton was researched.
    1, The processing optimum conditions on preparation for activated carbon from bamboo knot with chemical activation method (ZnCl2 activation and H3PO4 activation) by microwave irradiation were obtained by orthogonal test. The processing optimum conditions of ZnCl2 activation method were: Microwave power is 350W, activation time is 5min and concentration of ZnCl2 solution is 40%. The iodine value of activated carbon is 1,088.4mg/g. Decolorizing capacity for methylene blue is 220mL/g and yield is 39.2%. Iodine value exceeds the state level (GB/T12496. 8-1999). Decolorizing capacity for methylene blue is 1.83 times as much as the state level (GB/T 12496.10 -1999). Activation time by microwave irradiation is 1/36 as fast as that of the conventional process. The processing optimum conditions of H3PO4 activation method were: Microwave power is 560W, activation time is 9min and concentration of H3PO4 solution is 40%. The iodine value of activated carbon is 889.0mg/g. Decolorizing capacity for methylene blue is 178 mL/g and yield is 31.0%. The decolorizing capacity for methylene blue is 1.48 times
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