FRP加固混凝土结构受力性能研究
摘要
纤维增强复合材料FRP (Fiber Reinforced Polymer/Plastic)以其强度高(有的高于3000MPa)、重量轻(约为钢材的1/5)、易于施工、耐腐蚀性好等优点被广泛用于土木工程中结构补强加固材料。目前国内外对FRP布材加固结构的徐变性能、疲劳性能的研究较少,且FRP布材加固结构的受力性能和计算方法有待更全面和系统的研究。
本文对FRP布材加固结构的抗弯性能、徐变性能、疲劳性能进行了较为系统的研究。主要的研究内容如下：
(1)对8根FRP布加固钢筋混凝土简支梁的抗弯性能进行了研究,研究了不同加固材料(CFRP、GFRP、CFRP/GFRP混杂等三种不同加固材料)和不同加固历程(无加载进行加固、加载至50%极限荷载时进行加固、加载至50%极限荷载后卸载到25%极限荷载进行加固三种应力水平)时,FRP加固梁的受力特性。试验结果表明：FRP材料性能的发挥程度和加固梁的承载能力主要是由FRP加固梁的破坏模式决定；CFRP、CFRP/GFRP、GFRP对加固梁承载力提高能力依次从高到低,但CFRP/GFRP混杂加固性价比最高且延性较好；FRP布能有效约束加固梁的裂缝开展,裂缝宽度窄,间距小。加固时梁持荷越大,裂缝宽度和间距越大。
(2)对10根不同表面处理方式(表面涂胶、粘贴CFRP、自然表面)处理的混凝土柱徐变性能进行了试验研究,结果表明：粘贴CFRP加固混凝土柱与表面涂胶混凝土柱的徐变规律基本一致,分别比自然表面混凝土柱徐变小29.0%和26.9%。
(3)对12根CFRP布加固梁的徐变试验研究结果表明：粘贴CFRP布可以减小加固梁的徐变挠度,CFRP布自身徐变对加固梁长期变形的影响可忽略不计；卸载比例越大时,CFRP布加固梁的长期变形也越小；相同应力比时,经历徐变过程加固梁的加载龄期越早,则其挠度越大；与普通混凝土梁相比,两者的长期变形都是前期发展较快,后期发展较缓且基本趋于稳定；持荷100天时梁的徐变挠度为650天时的60.0%～72.8%。且CFRP布加固梁的徐变挠度比普通梁的徐变挠度减少6%～16.5%。
(4)对8根CFRP布加固梁徐变后的疲劳性能进行了试验研究,结果表明：经历徐变过程加固梁在疲劳后的静力性能优于经历徐变过程的未加固梁；CFRP布加固后梁的抗裂性能也得到极大的提高,加固梁的疲劳抗裂性有了较大的改善；经历徐变过程加固梁疲劳后的受力变形性能优于未加固梁,承载力为未加固梁的1.35倍。CFRP布加固梁在徐变后仍然具有良好的抗疲劳性能。
(5)推导了FRP加固钢筋混凝土梁正截面极限承载力和正常使用极限状态裂缝和挠度计算公式,计算结果与试验值吻合较好。
(6)在计算CFRP/GFRP混杂加固梁的承载力时,可将CFRP/GFRP截面等效为纯CFRP截面来进行计算,试验结果表明这种方法可行。
(7)推导了采用按龄期调整有效弹性模量法计算CFRP布加固梁长期变形的计算公式,计算结果与实测结果吻合良好。
(8)提出的正截面疲劳性能计算方法可较准确的预测经历徐变过程加固梁的疲劳性能。
(9)对试验梁进行了非线性全过程分析,在此基础上,利用提出的分析方法对模型梁的受力特性进行了比较详细的参数分析研究。
The new materials of Fiber Reinforced Plastic (FRP) has good prospects in civil engineering due to the excellent properties of high tensile strength(about3000MPa), lightweight(about1/8of steel's weight), easy installation and nocorrosion. At present, the researchs about creep behavior and fatigue performance of concrete structures strength by FRP sheets, and behavior of concrete beams prestressed with external tendons is limited
An experimental study and the corresponding theory analysis are conducted to investigate the behavior of concrete structures strength with FRP sheet. This dissertation involves the following work:
(1) the behaviors of8RC beams strengthened with externally bonded FRP sheets have been studied. The primary parameters are different stregthed FRP materials (CFRP、GFRP、CFRP/GFRP) and different initial stress levels(zero applied load,50%ultimate load and25%ultimate load unloaded from50%ultimate load). The experimental results show that behavior of FRP and beams depend on the carcking patterns. The rising ratio of ultimate bear capacity for these FRP sheets is FRP、 CFRP/GFRP、GFRP, respectively, and the dunctily of beams sterenghed with CFRP/GFRP is the best. The beams strengthed with FRP sheets have an excellent behavior in rack distribution.
(2) Long-term test on10concrete columns were tested. The primary parameters are three different surface treatment of coat free, epoxy coated and CFRP sheet wrapped. The results showed that the creep coefficients in CFRP-confined concrete columns and in epoxy-coated concrete columns are almost same, but the creep coefficients values are about29.0%、26.9%higher to normal concrete columns.
(3) Long-term test on12concrete beams were tested. The results showed that thelong-term deformation can desrease due to the effect of CFRP sheet. The higher unload values can decrease the long term deformation of beams. When beams are of the same ratio values of stress to strenght, the long-term deformation of beams with the14th day load time is higher than that of28th day load time. The long-term deformation of beams with100days creep time ia about60.0%～72.8%of that of650days creep time. The long-term deformation of beams strenghted with CFRP sheet are6%～16.5%of that normal conrete beams.
(4) Fatigue tests of8strengthened beams which had/had not crept were completed. The behavior of crept beams with stregthed with FRP sheet after fatigue is better than that crept beams without stregthed with FRP sheet after fatigue. The beams strengthed with CFRP sheets have an excellent behavior in rack distribution. The ultimate capacity of beams with stregthed with FRP sheet is1.35times of that beams without stregthed with FRP sheet. It is shown that the reinforced concrete beams strengthened with carbon fiber sheets have better fatigue behavior.
(5) The calculating formula for the flexural ultimate capacity, and searviceability of RC beams strengthened with externally bonded FRP sheets have been developed, which verifies that the computed values are precise.
(6) The computed method of load capacity for beams strenghted CFRP/GFRP sheet were similar with that of beams strenghted CFRP sheet. And it is verified that the predicted results from the model presented are in good agreement with the test ones.
(7) The computed method of long-term deformation for beams strenghted with CFRP sheet according to the effect modulas is develpoed. And it is verified that the predicted results from the model presented are in good agreement with the test ones.
(8) The full analysis of fatigue is presented based on the residual strain、fatigue elastic and fatigue strength degradation, which verifies that the computed values are precise.
(9) The numerical analysis based on the nonlinearly program is presented. And the program analysis of behavior of concrete structures strength by FRP are studied.
本文对FRP布材加固结构的抗弯性能、徐变性能、疲劳性能进行了较为系统的研究。主要的研究内容如下：
(1)对8根FRP布加固钢筋混凝土简支梁的抗弯性能进行了研究,研究了不同加固材料(CFRP、GFRP、CFRP/GFRP混杂等三种不同加固材料)和不同加固历程(无加载进行加固、加载至50%极限荷载时进行加固、加载至50%极限荷载后卸载到25%极限荷载进行加固三种应力水平)时,FRP加固梁的受力特性。试验结果表明：FRP材料性能的发挥程度和加固梁的承载能力主要是由FRP加固梁的破坏模式决定；CFRP、CFRP/GFRP、GFRP对加固梁承载力提高能力依次从高到低,但CFRP/GFRP混杂加固性价比最高且延性较好；FRP布能有效约束加固梁的裂缝开展,裂缝宽度窄,间距小。加固时梁持荷越大,裂缝宽度和间距越大。
(2)对10根不同表面处理方式(表面涂胶、粘贴CFRP、自然表面)处理的混凝土柱徐变性能进行了试验研究,结果表明：粘贴CFRP加固混凝土柱与表面涂胶混凝土柱的徐变规律基本一致,分别比自然表面混凝土柱徐变小29.0%和26.9%。
(3)对12根CFRP布加固梁的徐变试验研究结果表明：粘贴CFRP布可以减小加固梁的徐变挠度,CFRP布自身徐变对加固梁长期变形的影响可忽略不计；卸载比例越大时,CFRP布加固梁的长期变形也越小；相同应力比时,经历徐变过程加固梁的加载龄期越早,则其挠度越大；与普通混凝土梁相比,两者的长期变形都是前期发展较快,后期发展较缓且基本趋于稳定；持荷100天时梁的徐变挠度为650天时的60.0%～72.8%。且CFRP布加固梁的徐变挠度比普通梁的徐变挠度减少6%～16.5%。
(4)对8根CFRP布加固梁徐变后的疲劳性能进行了试验研究,结果表明：经历徐变过程加固梁在疲劳后的静力性能优于经历徐变过程的未加固梁；CFRP布加固后梁的抗裂性能也得到极大的提高,加固梁的疲劳抗裂性有了较大的改善；经历徐变过程加固梁疲劳后的受力变形性能优于未加固梁,承载力为未加固梁的1.35倍。CFRP布加固梁在徐变后仍然具有良好的抗疲劳性能。
(5)推导了FRP加固钢筋混凝土梁正截面极限承载力和正常使用极限状态裂缝和挠度计算公式,计算结果与试验值吻合较好。
(6)在计算CFRP/GFRP混杂加固梁的承载力时,可将CFRP/GFRP截面等效为纯CFRP截面来进行计算,试验结果表明这种方法可行。
(7)推导了采用按龄期调整有效弹性模量法计算CFRP布加固梁长期变形的计算公式,计算结果与实测结果吻合良好。
(8)提出的正截面疲劳性能计算方法可较准确的预测经历徐变过程加固梁的疲劳性能。
(9)对试验梁进行了非线性全过程分析,在此基础上,利用提出的分析方法对模型梁的受力特性进行了比较详细的参数分析研究。
The new materials of Fiber Reinforced Plastic (FRP) has good prospects in civil engineering due to the excellent properties of high tensile strength(about3000MPa), lightweight(about1/8of steel's weight), easy installation and nocorrosion. At present, the researchs about creep behavior and fatigue performance of concrete structures strength by FRP sheets, and behavior of concrete beams prestressed with external tendons is limited
An experimental study and the corresponding theory analysis are conducted to investigate the behavior of concrete structures strength with FRP sheet. This dissertation involves the following work:
(1) the behaviors of8RC beams strengthened with externally bonded FRP sheets have been studied. The primary parameters are different stregthed FRP materials (CFRP、GFRP、CFRP/GFRP) and different initial stress levels(zero applied load,50%ultimate load and25%ultimate load unloaded from50%ultimate load). The experimental results show that behavior of FRP and beams depend on the carcking patterns. The rising ratio of ultimate bear capacity for these FRP sheets is FRP、 CFRP/GFRP、GFRP, respectively, and the dunctily of beams sterenghed with CFRP/GFRP is the best. The beams strengthed with FRP sheets have an excellent behavior in rack distribution.
(2) Long-term test on10concrete columns were tested. The primary parameters are three different surface treatment of coat free, epoxy coated and CFRP sheet wrapped. The results showed that the creep coefficients in CFRP-confined concrete columns and in epoxy-coated concrete columns are almost same, but the creep coefficients values are about29.0%、26.9%higher to normal concrete columns.
(3) Long-term test on12concrete beams were tested. The results showed that thelong-term deformation can desrease due to the effect of CFRP sheet. The higher unload values can decrease the long term deformation of beams. When beams are of the same ratio values of stress to strenght, the long-term deformation of beams with the14th day load time is higher than that of28th day load time. The long-term deformation of beams with100days creep time ia about60.0%～72.8%of that of650days creep time. The long-term deformation of beams strenghted with CFRP sheet are6%～16.5%of that normal conrete beams.
(4) Fatigue tests of8strengthened beams which had/had not crept were completed. The behavior of crept beams with stregthed with FRP sheet after fatigue is better than that crept beams without stregthed with FRP sheet after fatigue. The beams strengthed with CFRP sheets have an excellent behavior in rack distribution. The ultimate capacity of beams with stregthed with FRP sheet is1.35times of that beams without stregthed with FRP sheet. It is shown that the reinforced concrete beams strengthened with carbon fiber sheets have better fatigue behavior.
(5) The calculating formula for the flexural ultimate capacity, and searviceability of RC beams strengthened with externally bonded FRP sheets have been developed, which verifies that the computed values are precise.
(6) The computed method of load capacity for beams strenghted CFRP/GFRP sheet were similar with that of beams strenghted CFRP sheet. And it is verified that the predicted results from the model presented are in good agreement with the test ones.
(7) The computed method of long-term deformation for beams strenghted with CFRP sheet according to the effect modulas is develpoed. And it is verified that the predicted results from the model presented are in good agreement with the test ones.
(8) The full analysis of fatigue is presented based on the residual strain、fatigue elastic and fatigue strength degradation, which verifies that the computed values are precise.
(9) The numerical analysis based on the nonlinearly program is presented. And the program analysis of behavior of concrete structures strength by FRP are studied.
引文
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