水下微光高速电视记录系统的图像处理技术
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摘要
随着海上试验靶场的发展，新型水下兵器试验和水下实时观测的需要，目前迫切需要一种专门应用于水下的光学高速摄像设备，在近距离内实现对水下武器发射实况进行记录，以满足对水下高速运动物体运动姿态的观测要求。
水下实况微光高速电视记录系统中利用一台WAT902H摄像机和两台PCI500高速摄像机完成水下目标的拍摄。本文首先对水下光学成像技术的历史与现状进行了概述；详细介绍了水下实况微光高速电视记录系统的使用环境、硬件组成与工作原理。然后对水的光学特性及其对水下成像的影响进行了理论分析，介绍了水下图象质量评价的两个参数即水中对比度和光学传递函数；对预期拍摄深度的海中照度进行了理论估算与实际测量；讨论了水下目标辅助照明时应注意的问题。介绍了WAT902H摄像机以及PCI500摄像机的性能特点以及图像采集的方法；利用Windows 2000 SERVER提供的终端服务功能实现了艇外摄像计算机与艇内控制计算机的实时通信。由于水下光学成像的特殊性，水下图象处理技术应该包括硬件和软件两个方面，硬件即水下专用成像镜头的设计与高性能的CCD选择，后期图象处理软件是利用计算机数字图像处理技术提高水下拍摄图象的质量，处理方法主要有灰度变换和锐化处理；实现了对Windows AVI数字视频文件文件的图像处理技术，并在此基础上完成了水下电视系统图像处理软件的设计。
水下实况微光高速电视记录系统通过实际水下拍摄验证，达到了技术指标的要求，水下拍摄图像取得了预期结果。
During the raPid development of navy proving ground on the se4a ldnd of
Undodr OPtical highsPeed video recording device is asked tO test new
underwaer weaPon launching on submarine and meet the demand of
underwater observing in near distance.
Underwater weak light high speed video imaging system(SWG-l) consistS
of one WAT902H camera and tWo PCI500 digital highspeed camera to
accomolish imaging underwater object. In this paper,firstly,the main methods of
irnaging Underwater and underwatr optical imaging development history are
being introduced. CoIlSboction, principle and working circumstance of SWG-l
are noted.The optical properties of Sea water are described,the effect to
underwater imaging is analyZed.There are two parameters in evalvating
tmderwater driaging quality:underwater contrast and oPtical tranfe fimction.
Underwater light source shoud be pay more attention.Estimate and
measurement of underwater light value are given at the sea depth Where the
system working.
The importan charateristics of WAT902H camera and PCI 500 camera and
methods of caPturing video are also included in this paPer.Imaging computer
outside submarine can transfer data betWeen control computer in the
submarine by W2K's tednal service with highSPeed.Due to specific
charaeristics of undersea optical imaging, underwater imaging processing
technique fall into tWo categoriesfhardware and software,hardware are the
design of the lenses used in Waer and the choice of high-quality CCD
caxner4the other is comPllter digital irnage processing,that is mainly gray-level
boformation and image sharpening.Underwater image-processing software is
designed on the basis of image processing on windows AVI digital video file.
Il
ap$$I8Xf@f#Ntex
SWG-l systern has been Wved by underwaer driaging aCtually.
Undersea video driaging tha is exPected has obtained.
水下实况微光高速电视记录系统中利用一台WAT902H摄像机和两台PCI500高速摄像机完成水下目标的拍摄。本文首先对水下光学成像技术的历史与现状进行了概述；详细介绍了水下实况微光高速电视记录系统的使用环境、硬件组成与工作原理。然后对水的光学特性及其对水下成像的影响进行了理论分析，介绍了水下图象质量评价的两个参数即水中对比度和光学传递函数；对预期拍摄深度的海中照度进行了理论估算与实际测量；讨论了水下目标辅助照明时应注意的问题。介绍了WAT902H摄像机以及PCI500摄像机的性能特点以及图像采集的方法；利用Windows 2000 SERVER提供的终端服务功能实现了艇外摄像计算机与艇内控制计算机的实时通信。由于水下光学成像的特殊性，水下图象处理技术应该包括硬件和软件两个方面，硬件即水下专用成像镜头的设计与高性能的CCD选择，后期图象处理软件是利用计算机数字图像处理技术提高水下拍摄图象的质量，处理方法主要有灰度变换和锐化处理；实现了对Windows AVI数字视频文件文件的图像处理技术，并在此基础上完成了水下电视系统图像处理软件的设计。
水下实况微光高速电视记录系统通过实际水下拍摄验证，达到了技术指标的要求，水下拍摄图像取得了预期结果。
During the raPid development of navy proving ground on the se4a ldnd of
Undodr OPtical highsPeed video recording device is asked tO test new
underwaer weaPon launching on submarine and meet the demand of
underwater observing in near distance.
Underwater weak light high speed video imaging system(SWG-l) consistS
of one WAT902H camera and tWo PCI500 digital highspeed camera to
accomolish imaging underwater object. In this paper,firstly,the main methods of
irnaging Underwater and underwatr optical imaging development history are
being introduced. CoIlSboction, principle and working circumstance of SWG-l
are noted.The optical properties of Sea water are described,the effect to
underwater imaging is analyZed.There are two parameters in evalvating
tmderwater driaging quality:underwater contrast and oPtical tranfe fimction.
Underwater light source shoud be pay more attention.Estimate and
measurement of underwater light value are given at the sea depth Where the
system working.
The importan charateristics of WAT902H camera and PCI 500 camera and
methods of caPturing video are also included in this paPer.Imaging computer
outside submarine can transfer data betWeen control computer in the
submarine by W2K's tednal service with highSPeed.Due to specific
charaeristics of undersea optical imaging, underwater imaging processing
technique fall into tWo categoriesfhardware and software,hardware are the
design of the lenses used in Waer and the choice of high-quality CCD
caxner4the other is comPllter digital irnage processing,that is mainly gray-level
boformation and image sharpening.Underwater image-processing software is
designed on the basis of image processing on windows AVI digital video file.
Il
ap$$I8Xf@f#Ntex
SWG-l systern has been Wved by underwaer driaging aCtually.
Undersea video driaging tha is exPected has obtained.
引文
[1]史文革编著．微机图像格式大全．北京：海洋出版社，1996
[2]晶辰工作室编著．最流行图像格式实用参考手册．北京：电子工业出版社，1998
[3]董士海．图象格式编程指南．北京：清华大学出版社，1994
[4]刘长明 杨工明编著．Visual C++6.0实践与提高(多媒体篇)．北京：中国铁道出版社，2000
[5]Charles Petzold著．北京博彦科技发展有限公司译．Windows程序设计．第二版．北京：北京大学出版社，1999
[6]何斌，马天予等编著．Visual C++数字图像处理．北京：人民邮电出版社，2001
[7]杰尔洛夫著．赵俊生等译．海洋光学．北京：科学出版社，1981
[8]默斯顿著．张闻迪等译．水中摄影学．北京：科学出版社，1979
[9]冯士笮等编著．海洋科学导论．北京：高等教育出版社，2000
[10]章志鸣，沈元华等编著．光学．第二版．北京：高等教育出版社，2000
[11]容观澳编著．计算机图象处理．北京：清华大学出版社，2000
[12]K．R．Castleman著．数字图象处理．北京：电子工业出版社，1998
[13]A. MURAT TEKALP著．崔之祜，江春等译．数字视频处理．北京：电子工业出版社，1998
[14]郑男宁编著．计算机视觉与模式识别．北京：国防工业出版社，1998
[15]杨磊，李峰等著．闭路电视监控系统．北京：人民邮电出版社，1995
[16]何利民编著．单片机应用系统设计系统配置与接口技术．北京：北京航空航天大学出版社，1995
[17]P．H米尔恩著．水下工程测量．北京：海洋出版社，1992
[18]田坦，刘国枝编著．声纳技术．哈尔滨：哈尔滨工程大学出版社，2000
[19]刘伯胜．水声学原理．哈尔滨：哈尔滨工程大学出版社，1994
[20]WAT-902H摄像机说明书
[21] 刘爱东．用于深拖侧扫的水下成像系统．舰船光学．2000 (3)
[22] 黄焰华．视频信号在长电缆中传输的补偿电视技术．1989 (1)
[23] 谭显裕．水下成像的现状和发展动向．红外与激光工程1996 (6)
[24] 孙传东，李弛等．水下成像镜头的光学设计．光学精密工程1998(10)．
[25] NT 下视频采集及解压驱动程序的设计与实现．电子技术应用，2001(3)
[26] 曹念文，刘文清等．水下物体激光圆偏振成象实验及与线偏振成象的比较．光子学报．1998(6)
[27] 袁易全．国外水中目标激光探测技术概况．声学与电子工程，1996(4)
[28] 朱光文．我国海洋探测技术五十年发展的回顾与展望(一)．海洋技术．1999(6)
[29] 朱光文．我国海洋探测技术五十年发展的回顾与展望(二)．海洋技术．1999(9)
[30] 孙晶华，孙秋华等．改善水下影象衬度方法的研究．光子学报．1996(11)
[31] 秦晓君．水下摄影象质评价．中国科学院西安光学精密机械研究所硕士学位论文．1990
[32] Sophia Johannessen.Two Thousand Years of Ocean Optics.Optics&Photonics News. April 2001
[33] Jules S. Jaffe. Monte Carlo modeling of Underwater-image formation:validity of the linear and small-angle approximations.APPLIED OPTICS. Vol. 34, No. 24. 20 August 1995
[34] INSTRUCTION FOR OPERATING THE MotionScope PCI HIGH SPEED DIGITAL IMAGING SYSTEM Manual. No. 9400-0010. Revision N. October 25,2000
[35] Industio Cl-134 Series User' s Manual.Moxa Technologies Co.Ltd
[36] Microsoft Developer Network-January 2001. Microsoft Corporation
[37] Curtis D. Mobley. Comparison of numerical models for computing underwater light fields. APPLIED OPTICS, Vol. 32, No. 36,20 December 1993
[2]晶辰工作室编著．最流行图像格式实用参考手册．北京：电子工业出版社，1998
[3]董士海．图象格式编程指南．北京：清华大学出版社，1994
[4]刘长明 杨工明编著．Visual C++6.0实践与提高(多媒体篇)．北京：中国铁道出版社，2000
[5]Charles Petzold著．北京博彦科技发展有限公司译．Windows程序设计．第二版．北京：北京大学出版社，1999
[6]何斌，马天予等编著．Visual C++数字图像处理．北京：人民邮电出版社，2001
[7]杰尔洛夫著．赵俊生等译．海洋光学．北京：科学出版社，1981
[8]默斯顿著．张闻迪等译．水中摄影学．北京：科学出版社，1979
[9]冯士笮等编著．海洋科学导论．北京：高等教育出版社，2000
[10]章志鸣，沈元华等编著．光学．第二版．北京：高等教育出版社，2000
[11]容观澳编著．计算机图象处理．北京：清华大学出版社，2000
[12]K．R．Castleman著．数字图象处理．北京：电子工业出版社，1998
[13]A. MURAT TEKALP著．崔之祜，江春等译．数字视频处理．北京：电子工业出版社，1998
[14]郑男宁编著．计算机视觉与模式识别．北京：国防工业出版社，1998
[15]杨磊，李峰等著．闭路电视监控系统．北京：人民邮电出版社，1995
[16]何利民编著．单片机应用系统设计系统配置与接口技术．北京：北京航空航天大学出版社，1995
[17]P．H米尔恩著．水下工程测量．北京：海洋出版社，1992
[18]田坦，刘国枝编著．声纳技术．哈尔滨：哈尔滨工程大学出版社，2000
[19]刘伯胜．水声学原理．哈尔滨：哈尔滨工程大学出版社，1994
[20]WAT-902H摄像机说明书
[21] 刘爱东．用于深拖侧扫的水下成像系统．舰船光学．2000 (3)
[22] 黄焰华．视频信号在长电缆中传输的补偿电视技术．1989 (1)
[23] 谭显裕．水下成像的现状和发展动向．红外与激光工程1996 (6)
[24] 孙传东，李弛等．水下成像镜头的光学设计．光学精密工程1998(10)．
[25] NT 下视频采集及解压驱动程序的设计与实现．电子技术应用，2001(3)
[26] 曹念文，刘文清等．水下物体激光圆偏振成象实验及与线偏振成象的比较．光子学报．1998(6)
[27] 袁易全．国外水中目标激光探测技术概况．声学与电子工程，1996(4)
[28] 朱光文．我国海洋探测技术五十年发展的回顾与展望(一)．海洋技术．1999(6)
[29] 朱光文．我国海洋探测技术五十年发展的回顾与展望(二)．海洋技术．1999(9)
[30] 孙晶华，孙秋华等．改善水下影象衬度方法的研究．光子学报．1996(11)
[31] 秦晓君．水下摄影象质评价．中国科学院西安光学精密机械研究所硕士学位论文．1990
[32] Sophia Johannessen.Two Thousand Years of Ocean Optics.Optics&Photonics News. April 2001
[33] Jules S. Jaffe. Monte Carlo modeling of Underwater-image formation:validity of the linear and small-angle approximations.APPLIED OPTICS. Vol. 34, No. 24. 20 August 1995
[34] INSTRUCTION FOR OPERATING THE MotionScope PCI HIGH SPEED DIGITAL IMAGING SYSTEM Manual. No. 9400-0010. Revision N. October 25,2000
[35] Industio Cl-134 Series User' s Manual.Moxa Technologies Co.Ltd
[36] Microsoft Developer Network-January 2001. Microsoft Corporation
[37] Curtis D. Mobley. Comparison of numerical models for computing underwater light fields. APPLIED OPTICS, Vol. 32, No. 36,20 December 1993