环境胁迫条件下麦长管蚜种下体色型分化生态机理研究
|
摘要
麦长管蚜Sitobion avenae (Fabricius)，属半翅目Hemiptera，蚜科Aphididae，是国内外重要的农业害虫。当今气候环境的变化对生物特别是R-生态对策的蚜虫产生着强大选择压，使其进化更为迅速。麦长管蚜有红、绿两种体色生物型，其红色型可能就是紫外线增强等诱因产生的新的种下型。种下体色生物型分化是导致麦长管蚜广泛成灾的内在因素之一。本文在前人的研究基础上，用紫外线UV-B、脱共生菌及寄主植物感染病毒（谷类黄矮病CYDV-PRV和小麦矮缩病WDV）等环境胁迫，对两种体色型麦长管蚜的生长发育、繁殖、种内竞争等生态学参数进行了研究，并利用刺探电位图谱技术（EPG）对上述环境胁迫条件下两种体色型麦长管蚜的取食行为学机制进行了研究，以期证明麦长管蚜种下体色型分化的生态机理。得到如下结果：
1.紫外线直接照射是麦长管蚜种下体色型分化的动力之一
在不同剂量（0,216,432,864kJ/m~2）紫外照射两种体色型麦长管蚜初生若蚜后，对其生长发育、繁殖参数和取食行为进行了测定。生长发育和繁殖参数的结果表明：低剂量紫外辐射（216kJ/m~2）能够促进两种体色型麦长管蚜的生长发育和繁殖；而高剂量紫外辐射（432,864kJ/m~2）能够抑制两种体色型麦长管蚜的生长发育和繁殖，且红色型对高剂量紫外直接照射的适应能力较绿色型强。取食行为EPG研究表明其机理在于：高剂量紫外辐射不仅抑制两种体色型麦长管蚜口针在寄主植物韧皮部的取食，还增加蚜虫口针穿过表皮/叶肉细胞的时间，且绿色型麦长管蚜口针穿过寄主植物表皮/叶肉细胞和取食韧皮部汁液的难度均高于红色型。说明红色型麦长管蚜是适应紫外增强的一种进化生物型。
2.紫外线照射寄主植物对蚜虫的间接影响是麦长管蚜种下体色型分化的又一动力
不同剂量（对照剂量0kJ/m~2，环境正常辐射剂量600kJ/m~2，加倍辐射剂量1200kJ/m~2）紫外照射寄主植物大麦后，对两种体色型麦长管蚜的生长发育、繁殖参数和取食行为进行了测定。生长发育和繁殖参数的结果表明：当寄主植物受到加倍强度紫外照射后，两种体色型麦长管蚜的生长发育和繁殖均受到抑制，且红色型麦长管蚜对加倍紫外强度照射后植物的适应能力较绿色型强。EPG研究结果表明其机理在于：加倍强度紫外照射寄主植物后，均能增加寄主植物对两种体色型麦长管蚜的表面抗性、表皮/叶肉抗性和韧皮部抗性，且寄主植物对绿色型麦长管蚜上述三个方面的抗性均比高于红色型。进一步说明红色型是适应紫外增强的一种进化生物型。
3.麦长管蚜体内共生菌在其种下体色型分化过程中起着重要作用
利用广谱性抗生素利福平脱除两种体色型麦长管蚜胞内共生菌后，对两种体色型麦长管蚜的生长发育、繁殖参数和取食行为进行了测定。生长发育和繁殖参数的结果表明：脱共生对两种体色型麦长管蚜的生长发育和繁殖都造成了不利的影响，且脱共生对红色型麦长管蚜的不利影响要比绿色型大。EPG研究结果表明其机理在于：脱共生蚜虫口针穿过植物表皮/叶肉细胞难度增加，在韧皮部的取食时间缩短，且红色型脱共生麦长管蚜上述阶段的取食难度均高于绿色型。表明蚜虫体内共生菌参与控制麦长管蚜种下体色型分化进程。
4.寄主植物体内植物病毒对麦长管蚜的种下体色型分化有重要影响
寄主植物大麦感染CYDV-PRV和WDV病毒后，对两种体色型麦长管蚜（非介体昆虫）的生长发育和繁殖起了促进作用，且对绿色型麦长管蚜的生长发育的促进作用较红色型强。EPG研究结果表明其机理在于：非传播性植物病毒显著减弱了植物表面、表皮/叶肉组织、韧皮部组织对两种体色型麦长管蚜的抗性，且感染植物病毒的寄主植物对绿色型韧皮部取食阶段的抗性显著低于红色型。证明寄主植物体内的植物病毒对麦长管蚜的种下体色分化有重要影响。
5.环境胁迫影响两种体色型麦长管蚜的竞争力从而影响麦长管蚜的种下体色分化
在环境胁迫（正常对照、加倍剂量紫外线照射、CYDV-RPV病毒）寄主植物条件下，单独和混合饲养（一头绿色型和一头红色型罩在同一微笼罩内）不同体色型麦长管蚜，分析竞争结果发现：正常饲养条件下，两种体色型麦长管蚜竞争力相当；紫外胁迫下红色型麦长管蚜的竞争力比绿色型强；而植物病毒胁迫下绿色型麦长管蚜的竞争力比红色型强。证明环境胁迫通过影响两种体色型麦长管蚜的竞争力从而影响麦长管蚜的种下体色分化，且环境胁迫因子不同其效应不同。
总之，环境胁迫条件下两种体色型麦长管蚜适应性和竞争力具有显著差异，且胁迫因子不同其效应和生态学机理均不相同，说明环境胁迫是导致麦长管蚜种下体色型分化的主要原因。这对阐明麦长管蚜虫种下分化的机制具有重要意义，由此也可折射出R对策昆虫进化加剧的原因，并为全球环境变化加剧这一大背景下麦长管蚜和植物病毒的综合治理提供理论依据。
本研究有以下四个方面的创新：
1.证明紫外线、植物病毒胁迫是麦长管蚜种下体色型分化的重要动力；
2.证明麦长管蚜体内共生菌在其种下体色型分化过程中起着重要作用；
3.揭示出环境胁迫条件下麦长管蚜种下体色型分化的生态机理；
4.证明紫外胁迫下红色型麦长管蚜的竞争力比绿色型强，而植物病毒胁迫下绿色型麦长管蚜的竞争力比红色型强。
Sitobion avenae (Fabricius), Hemiptera, Aphididae, is one of the most importantagricultural pests in the whole world. One of internal factors of widely harm is polarization ofbody-color morphs (red and green morphs) in species caused by the change of environment.As the selective stress, the change of environment accelerates the evolution of S. avenae.Based on previous researches, to explore the ecological mechanism of polarization ofbody-color morphs, the development, reproduction and intraspecific competition of twomorphs of S. avenae were estimated under the condition of UV-B, aposymbiosis, plant viruses(CYDV-PRV and WDV) in this study. Under these conditions, the research on feedingbehavior was also carried out by Electronical Penetration Graph (EPG). The following are theresults of this research:
1. UV-B radiation directly is one of the driving forces for the polarization of body-colormorphs of S. avenae
The parameters of development, fecundity and feeding behavior of S. avenae wereestimated after radiating the first instar nymphs of body-color morphs by UV-B in differentdose (0,216,432,864kJ/m~2). The results indicated that, the development and fecundity werepromoted by low-dose UV-B (216kJ/m~2), and effected negatively by high-dose UV-B (432，864kJ/m~2). For red aphids, the capacity of adaptation to this was stronger than green aphids.Trough determining the feeding behavior by EPG, we could demonstrate that: radiation ofhigh-dose UV-B not only restrained the feeding in phloem but also prolonged the prickingtime in the part of cuticle and mesophyll. The fact that the feeding behavior of green aphidspricking host plant cuticle and phloem was more difficult than that of red aphids demonstratedthat red aphids was the evolutionary biotype to adapt the UV-B.
2. The indirect effects on S. avenae through radiating host plant by UV-B is anotherdriving force for the polarization of body-color morphs
The parameters of development, fecundity and feeding behavior of S. avenae wereestimated after radiating barley by UV-B in different dose (0kJ/m~2as the control,600kJ/m~2as normal UV-B radiation, double-dose UV-B is1200kJ/m~2). The results indicated that: thedevelopment and fecundity of two body-color morphs were restrained significantly under thecondition of radiating post plant by double-dose UV-B. It could include that two types of aphids had adapted post plants exposed to the normal UV-B radiation. For Red aphids, thecapacity of adaptation to this was stronger than green aphids. The result of feeding behaviorcould indicate that cuticle resistance, mesophyll resistance and phloem resistance of two typesof S. avenae were all increased under the condition of double-dose UV-B radiation. Moreover,the resistance of post plant to green aphids was higher than the Red aphids exposed to threetreatments, which further demonstrated that red aphids demonstrated that red aphids was theevolutionary biotype to adapt the UV-B.
3. Aposymbiosis in S. avenae plays an important role in the polarization course ofbody-color morphs
The parameters of development, fecundity and feeding behavior of S. avenae wereestimated after disrupting symbiotic bacteria from aphids by rifampicin which was one kindof antibiotics. The results indicated that: the development and fecundity were influencednegatively for the two morphs Bacteria-free aposymbiotic aphids. The influence ofaposymbiosis to Red aphids was more serious than green aphids. It was demonstrated fromthe result of feeding behavior that the feeding of two morphs aphids was restrained, such as,pricking time in the part of cuticle and mesophyll was prolonged and the time of feeding inphloem was shortened. Furthermore, the feeding behavior of Red aphids was more difficultthan that of green aphids. It was indicated that aposymbiotic involved in the polarizationcourse of body-color morphs of S. avenae.
4. The non-transmission plant virus could affect polarization of body-color morphs of S.avenae
The development and fecundity of two body-color aphids could be promoted afterinfecting host plant (barley) successfully by non-propagative CYDV-PRV and WDV. Theeffect on green aphids was stronger than the red aphids. The result of feeding behavior couldindicate that cuticle, mesophyll and phloem resistance to two types of S. avenae were alldecreased by non-propagative CYDV-PRV and WDV. Moreover, the phloem resistance ofhost plant infected viruses to green aphids was lower than the red aphids. Therefore thenon-transmission plant virus plays an important role in the polarization course of body-colormorphs.
5. The population competitiveness of two body-color morphs of S. avenae induced byenvironmental stress could influence polarization of body-color morphs
The parameters of development and fecundity of S. avenae were estimated through risingseparately and mixed in the host plants exposed to the treatments of control, double-doseUV-B radiation and CYDV-RPV virus. The results indicated that: in the treatment of control,the competitiveness of two body-color morphs had not significant difference. UV-B radiation could generate stronger competitiveness for green aphids. However, the red aphids had highercompetitiveness under the induction of plant viruses. It could demonstrate that environmentalstress could influence polarization of body-color morphs through affecting populationcompetitiveness of two body-color morphs of S. avenae.
In short, the adaptation and competitiveness of two body-color morphs of S. avenae weredifferent significantly under the environmental stress. The effect and the ecologicalmechanism were also various based on the different environmental factors. We candemonstrate that environmental stress is the main cause of polarization of body-color morphs,which has the important significance for exploring the mechanism of polarization and providethe theoretical basis for the management of S. avenae and plant virus under the condition ofever-changing environment.
The innovations are following in this study:
1. We demonstrate that UV-B radiation and plant virus were the driving forces for thepolarization of body-color morphs of S. avenae.
2. It was demonstrated that aposymbiosis in S. avenae played an important role in thepolarization course of body-color morphs.
3. The ecological mechanism of polarization of body-color morphs of S. avenae wasproposed.
4. The conclusion that UV-B radiation could generate stronger competitiveness for greenaphids and the red aphids had higher competitiveness under the induction of plant viruses wasobtained in this research.
1.紫外线直接照射是麦长管蚜种下体色型分化的动力之一
在不同剂量（0,216,432,864kJ/m~2）紫外照射两种体色型麦长管蚜初生若蚜后，对其生长发育、繁殖参数和取食行为进行了测定。生长发育和繁殖参数的结果表明：低剂量紫外辐射（216kJ/m~2）能够促进两种体色型麦长管蚜的生长发育和繁殖；而高剂量紫外辐射（432,864kJ/m~2）能够抑制两种体色型麦长管蚜的生长发育和繁殖，且红色型对高剂量紫外直接照射的适应能力较绿色型强。取食行为EPG研究表明其机理在于：高剂量紫外辐射不仅抑制两种体色型麦长管蚜口针在寄主植物韧皮部的取食，还增加蚜虫口针穿过表皮/叶肉细胞的时间，且绿色型麦长管蚜口针穿过寄主植物表皮/叶肉细胞和取食韧皮部汁液的难度均高于红色型。说明红色型麦长管蚜是适应紫外增强的一种进化生物型。
2.紫外线照射寄主植物对蚜虫的间接影响是麦长管蚜种下体色型分化的又一动力
不同剂量（对照剂量0kJ/m~2，环境正常辐射剂量600kJ/m~2，加倍辐射剂量1200kJ/m~2）紫外照射寄主植物大麦后，对两种体色型麦长管蚜的生长发育、繁殖参数和取食行为进行了测定。生长发育和繁殖参数的结果表明：当寄主植物受到加倍强度紫外照射后，两种体色型麦长管蚜的生长发育和繁殖均受到抑制，且红色型麦长管蚜对加倍紫外强度照射后植物的适应能力较绿色型强。EPG研究结果表明其机理在于：加倍强度紫外照射寄主植物后，均能增加寄主植物对两种体色型麦长管蚜的表面抗性、表皮/叶肉抗性和韧皮部抗性，且寄主植物对绿色型麦长管蚜上述三个方面的抗性均比高于红色型。进一步说明红色型是适应紫外增强的一种进化生物型。
3.麦长管蚜体内共生菌在其种下体色型分化过程中起着重要作用
利用广谱性抗生素利福平脱除两种体色型麦长管蚜胞内共生菌后，对两种体色型麦长管蚜的生长发育、繁殖参数和取食行为进行了测定。生长发育和繁殖参数的结果表明：脱共生对两种体色型麦长管蚜的生长发育和繁殖都造成了不利的影响，且脱共生对红色型麦长管蚜的不利影响要比绿色型大。EPG研究结果表明其机理在于：脱共生蚜虫口针穿过植物表皮/叶肉细胞难度增加，在韧皮部的取食时间缩短，且红色型脱共生麦长管蚜上述阶段的取食难度均高于绿色型。表明蚜虫体内共生菌参与控制麦长管蚜种下体色型分化进程。
4.寄主植物体内植物病毒对麦长管蚜的种下体色型分化有重要影响
寄主植物大麦感染CYDV-PRV和WDV病毒后，对两种体色型麦长管蚜（非介体昆虫）的生长发育和繁殖起了促进作用，且对绿色型麦长管蚜的生长发育的促进作用较红色型强。EPG研究结果表明其机理在于：非传播性植物病毒显著减弱了植物表面、表皮/叶肉组织、韧皮部组织对两种体色型麦长管蚜的抗性，且感染植物病毒的寄主植物对绿色型韧皮部取食阶段的抗性显著低于红色型。证明寄主植物体内的植物病毒对麦长管蚜的种下体色分化有重要影响。
5.环境胁迫影响两种体色型麦长管蚜的竞争力从而影响麦长管蚜的种下体色分化
在环境胁迫（正常对照、加倍剂量紫外线照射、CYDV-RPV病毒）寄主植物条件下，单独和混合饲养（一头绿色型和一头红色型罩在同一微笼罩内）不同体色型麦长管蚜，分析竞争结果发现：正常饲养条件下，两种体色型麦长管蚜竞争力相当；紫外胁迫下红色型麦长管蚜的竞争力比绿色型强；而植物病毒胁迫下绿色型麦长管蚜的竞争力比红色型强。证明环境胁迫通过影响两种体色型麦长管蚜的竞争力从而影响麦长管蚜的种下体色分化，且环境胁迫因子不同其效应不同。
总之，环境胁迫条件下两种体色型麦长管蚜适应性和竞争力具有显著差异，且胁迫因子不同其效应和生态学机理均不相同，说明环境胁迫是导致麦长管蚜种下体色型分化的主要原因。这对阐明麦长管蚜虫种下分化的机制具有重要意义，由此也可折射出R对策昆虫进化加剧的原因，并为全球环境变化加剧这一大背景下麦长管蚜和植物病毒的综合治理提供理论依据。
本研究有以下四个方面的创新：
1.证明紫外线、植物病毒胁迫是麦长管蚜种下体色型分化的重要动力；
2.证明麦长管蚜体内共生菌在其种下体色型分化过程中起着重要作用；
3.揭示出环境胁迫条件下麦长管蚜种下体色型分化的生态机理；
4.证明紫外胁迫下红色型麦长管蚜的竞争力比绿色型强，而植物病毒胁迫下绿色型麦长管蚜的竞争力比红色型强。
Sitobion avenae (Fabricius), Hemiptera, Aphididae, is one of the most importantagricultural pests in the whole world. One of internal factors of widely harm is polarization ofbody-color morphs (red and green morphs) in species caused by the change of environment.As the selective stress, the change of environment accelerates the evolution of S. avenae.Based on previous researches, to explore the ecological mechanism of polarization ofbody-color morphs, the development, reproduction and intraspecific competition of twomorphs of S. avenae were estimated under the condition of UV-B, aposymbiosis, plant viruses(CYDV-PRV and WDV) in this study. Under these conditions, the research on feedingbehavior was also carried out by Electronical Penetration Graph (EPG). The following are theresults of this research:
1. UV-B radiation directly is one of the driving forces for the polarization of body-colormorphs of S. avenae
The parameters of development, fecundity and feeding behavior of S. avenae wereestimated after radiating the first instar nymphs of body-color morphs by UV-B in differentdose (0,216,432,864kJ/m~2). The results indicated that, the development and fecundity werepromoted by low-dose UV-B (216kJ/m~2), and effected negatively by high-dose UV-B (432，864kJ/m~2). For red aphids, the capacity of adaptation to this was stronger than green aphids.Trough determining the feeding behavior by EPG, we could demonstrate that: radiation ofhigh-dose UV-B not only restrained the feeding in phloem but also prolonged the prickingtime in the part of cuticle and mesophyll. The fact that the feeding behavior of green aphidspricking host plant cuticle and phloem was more difficult than that of red aphids demonstratedthat red aphids was the evolutionary biotype to adapt the UV-B.
2. The indirect effects on S. avenae through radiating host plant by UV-B is anotherdriving force for the polarization of body-color morphs
The parameters of development, fecundity and feeding behavior of S. avenae wereestimated after radiating barley by UV-B in different dose (0kJ/m~2as the control,600kJ/m~2as normal UV-B radiation, double-dose UV-B is1200kJ/m~2). The results indicated that: thedevelopment and fecundity of two body-color morphs were restrained significantly under thecondition of radiating post plant by double-dose UV-B. It could include that two types of aphids had adapted post plants exposed to the normal UV-B radiation. For Red aphids, thecapacity of adaptation to this was stronger than green aphids. The result of feeding behaviorcould indicate that cuticle resistance, mesophyll resistance and phloem resistance of two typesof S. avenae were all increased under the condition of double-dose UV-B radiation. Moreover,the resistance of post plant to green aphids was higher than the Red aphids exposed to threetreatments, which further demonstrated that red aphids demonstrated that red aphids was theevolutionary biotype to adapt the UV-B.
3. Aposymbiosis in S. avenae plays an important role in the polarization course ofbody-color morphs
The parameters of development, fecundity and feeding behavior of S. avenae wereestimated after disrupting symbiotic bacteria from aphids by rifampicin which was one kindof antibiotics. The results indicated that: the development and fecundity were influencednegatively for the two morphs Bacteria-free aposymbiotic aphids. The influence ofaposymbiosis to Red aphids was more serious than green aphids. It was demonstrated fromthe result of feeding behavior that the feeding of two morphs aphids was restrained, such as,pricking time in the part of cuticle and mesophyll was prolonged and the time of feeding inphloem was shortened. Furthermore, the feeding behavior of Red aphids was more difficultthan that of green aphids. It was indicated that aposymbiotic involved in the polarizationcourse of body-color morphs of S. avenae.
4. The non-transmission plant virus could affect polarization of body-color morphs of S.avenae
The development and fecundity of two body-color aphids could be promoted afterinfecting host plant (barley) successfully by non-propagative CYDV-PRV and WDV. Theeffect on green aphids was stronger than the red aphids. The result of feeding behavior couldindicate that cuticle, mesophyll and phloem resistance to two types of S. avenae were alldecreased by non-propagative CYDV-PRV and WDV. Moreover, the phloem resistance ofhost plant infected viruses to green aphids was lower than the red aphids. Therefore thenon-transmission plant virus plays an important role in the polarization course of body-colormorphs.
5. The population competitiveness of two body-color morphs of S. avenae induced byenvironmental stress could influence polarization of body-color morphs
The parameters of development and fecundity of S. avenae were estimated through risingseparately and mixed in the host plants exposed to the treatments of control, double-doseUV-B radiation and CYDV-RPV virus. The results indicated that: in the treatment of control,the competitiveness of two body-color morphs had not significant difference. UV-B radiation could generate stronger competitiveness for green aphids. However, the red aphids had highercompetitiveness under the induction of plant viruses. It could demonstrate that environmentalstress could influence polarization of body-color morphs through affecting populationcompetitiveness of two body-color morphs of S. avenae.
In short, the adaptation and competitiveness of two body-color morphs of S. avenae weredifferent significantly under the environmental stress. The effect and the ecologicalmechanism were also various based on the different environmental factors. We candemonstrate that environmental stress is the main cause of polarization of body-color morphs,which has the important significance for exploring the mechanism of polarization and providethe theoretical basis for the management of S. avenae and plant virus under the condition ofever-changing environment.
The innovations are following in this study:
1. We demonstrate that UV-B radiation and plant virus were the driving forces for thepolarization of body-color morphs of S. avenae.
2. It was demonstrated that aposymbiosis in S. avenae played an important role in thepolarization course of body-color morphs.
3. The ecological mechanism of polarization of body-color morphs of S. avenae wasproposed.
4. The conclusion that UV-B radiation could generate stronger competitiveness for greenaphids and the red aphids had higher competitiveness under the induction of plant viruses wasobtained in this research.
引文
陈巨莲.2001.小麦抗蚜生化机理和G蛋白在离体昆虫细胞系中表达、纯化及活性测定.北京:中国农业科学院研究生院
都二霞,郭建文,赵惠燕.2006.紫外辐射胁迫桃蚜DNA变异.应用生态学报,17(7):1245～1249
胡庆柳,丁振华,谭小华,王红.1998.紫外辐射诱发NIH3T3细胞调亡时DNA断裂的特性.生物化学与生物物理进展,25(1):53～56
胡想顺,赵惠燕, Heimbach Udo.2003.抗性小麦上一些特殊的刺探电位波形图谱(EPG).西北农林科技大学学报,(增刊):22～24.44
胡想顺,刘小凤,赵惠燕.2006.刺探电位图谱(EPG)技术的原理与发展.植物保护,20(3):1～4
胡想顺,赵惠燕,胡祖庆.2007.禾谷缢管蚜在三个小麦品种上取食行为的EPG比较.昆虫学报,50(11):1105～1110
胡祖庆.2007.共生菌对不同体色型麦长管蚜影响的研究,西北农林科技大学硕士毕业论文,陕西:杨凌
胡祖庆,亢菊侠,赵惠燕.2008.麦长管蚜脱巴克纳氏胞内共生菌的分子验证．生态学杂志,27(1):126～129
胡祖庆,赵惠燕,胡想顺,李东鸿.2007.共生菌对麦长管蚜生长发育和繁殖的影响.西北农林科技大学学(自然科学版),35(6):163～166
祭美菊,冯虎元,安黎哲,王勋陵.2002.增强的UVB辐射对植物影响的研究.应用生态学报,13(3):359～364
李军,赵惠燕,赵学达.2005.不同强度紫外线对蚜虫生态学特征及酶活性影响的研究,西北农林科技大学学报,33(4):61～64
李献辉,李保平.2006.蚜虫与体内布赫纳氏菌及其次生共生菌的相互关系.昆虫知识,43(4):443～447
李正西,李定旭.2005.桃蚜自然种群初级和次级内共生菌的分子鉴定.昆虫学报,48(5):810～814
吕仲贤,俞晓平,陈建明,郑许松,徐红星,陶林勇.2001a.共生菌在褐飞虱致害性变化中的作用.昆虫学报,44(2):197～204
吕仲贤,俞晓平,陈建明,郑许松,徐红星.2001b.不同虫源和致害性的褐飞虱体内共生菌的种群动态.华东昆虫学报,10(1):44～49
吕仲贤,俞晓平,陈建明,郑许松,徐红星.2001.共生菌对褐飞虱生长发育和生殖的影响.植物保护学报,28(3):193～197
罗晨,岳梅,徐洪富.2005. EPG技术在昆虫学研究中的应用及进展.昆虫学报,48(3):437～443
张傲,赵惠燕.2009.用生命表方法研究重金属对麦长管蚜生态学参数的影响.西北农林科技大学学报,37(11):131～137
张鹏飞,陈建群,张闲.2001.棉蚜的取食行为和对CMV的获得.昆虫学报,44(4):395～401
赵惠燕,李东鸿,张改生.2002. XZ系列杂种小麦对麦长管蚜抗性机制的研究.西北农林科技大学学报,30(1):73～75
赵惠燕,汪世泽,袁锋.1997.不同温度下转换寄主对桃蚜生态学特征的影响.植物保护学报,24(1):19～24
赵惠燕,汪世泽,张改生.1989.蚜虫体色分化的生态遗传学规律之探讨.西北农业大学学报,17:79～83
赵惠燕,汪世泽.1992.孤雌胎生棉蚜胚胎学观察.昆虫知识,,29(1):19～21
赵惠燕,张改生,汪世泽.1993.棉蚜体色变化的生态遗传学研究.昆虫学报,36(3):282～289
赵惠燕.1992.棉蚜体色变化的生态遗传学研究.西北农业大学硕士学位论文:4～6
赵惠燕.1996.蚜虫体色变化的生态遗传学研究.西北农业大学博士学位论文:16～19
Ajayi O.1986. The effect of barley yellow dwarf virus on the amino acid composition of spring wheat.Ann Appl Biol,108:145～149
Ajayi O, Dewar A M.1983. The effect of barley yellow dwarf virus on field populations of the cerealaphids, Sitobion avenae and Metopolophium dirhodum. Ann Appl Biol,103:1～11
Allen R G., Sohal R S.1982. Life lengthening effects of γ Irradiation on the adult housefly, Muscadomestica. Mech Ageing Dev,20:369～375
Alvarez A E, Garzo E, Verbeek M, Vosman B, Dicke M, Tjallingii W F.2007. Infection of potato plantswith Potato leafroll virus changes attraction and feeding behaviour of Myzus persicae. Entomol ExpAppl,125:135～144
Amarawardana L, Bandara P, Kumar V, Pettersson J, Ninkovic V, Glinwood R.2007. Olfactory responseof Myzus persicae (Homoptera: Aphididae) to volatiles from leek and chive: potential forintercropping with sweet pepper. Acta Agric Scand B,57:87～91
An L G, Liu G X, Zhang M X, Chen T, Liu Y H, Feng H Y, Xu S J, Qiang W Y, Wang X L2004. Effect ofenhanced UV-B radiation on polyamine content and membrane permeability incucumber leaves.Russ J Plant Physiol,51:658～662
Antignus Y, Mor N, Joseph R B, Lapidot M, Cohen S.1996. Ultraviolet-absorbing plastic sheets protectcrops from insect pests and from virus diseases vectored by insects. Environ Entomol,25:919～924
Antignus Y, Ben-Yakir D.2004. Ultraviolet-absorbing barriers, an efficient integrated pest managementtool to protect greenhouses from insects and virus diseases. In: Rami Horowitz, A, Ishaaya I.(Eds.),Insect PestManagement: Field and Protected Crops. Springer New Delhi:319～335
Bacher S, Luder S.2005. Picky predators and the function of the faecal shield of a cassidine larva. FunctEcol,19:263～272
Backus E A.1988. Sensory systems and behaviours which mediate hemipteran plant-feeding—ataxonomic overview. J Insect Physiol,34:151～157
Baldwin I T.1989. Mechanism of damage-induced alkaloid production in wild tobacco. J Chem Ecol,15:1661～1680
Baldwin I T.1999. Inducible nicotine production in native Nicotiana as an example of adaptivephenotypic plasticity. J Chem Ecol,25:3～30
Baldwin I T, Zhang Z P, Diab N, Ohnmeiss T E, McCloud E S, Lynds G Y, Schmelz E A.1997.Quantification, correlations and manipulations of wound-induced changes in jasmonic acid andnicotine in Nicotiana sylvestris. Planta,201:397～404
BallaréCL, Scopel A L, Stapleton A E, Yanovsky M J.1996. Solar ultraviolet-B radiation affects seedlingemergence, DNA integrity, plant morphology, growth rate, and attractiveness to herbivore insects inDatura ferox. Plant Physiol,112:161～170
Barcelo J A.1981.Photoeffects of visible and ultraviolet irradiation on the two-spotted spidermite,Tetranychus urticae. Photochem Photobiol,33:703～70
Barnes P W, Ballaré C L, Caldwell M M.1996. Photomorphogenic effects of UV-B radiation on plants:consequences for light competition. J Plant Physiol,148:15～20
Bartel B.1997. Auxin biosynthesis. Annu Rev Plant Physiol Plant Mol Biol,48:49～64
Bassman J H.2004. Ecosystem consequences of enhanced solar ultraviolet radiation: secondary plantmetabolites as mediators of multiple trophic interactions in terrestrial plant communities. PhotochemPhotobiol,79:382～398
Baumann P, Baumann L, Lai C Y, et al.1995. Genetic, physiology, and evolutionary relationships of thegenus Buchnera: intracellular symbionts of aphids.Ann Rev microbiol,49:55～94
Berenbaum M.1978. Toxicity of a furanocoumarin to armyworms-case of biosynthetic escape from insectherbivores. Science,201:532～534
Bergvinson D, Arnason J, Hamilton R, Tachibana S, Towers G.1994. Putative role of photo-dimerizedphenolic acids in maize resistance to Ostrinia nubilalis (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). Environ Entomol,23:1516～1523
Bernays E A, Driver G C, Bilgener M.1989. Herbivores and plant tannins. Adv Ecol Res,19:263～302
Bj rn L O, Callaghan T V, Johnsen I, Lee J A, Manetas Y, Paul N D, Sonesson M, Wellburn A R, Coop D,Heide-Jorgensen H S, Gehrke C, Gwynn-Jones D, Johanson U, Kyparissis A, Levizou E,Nikolopoulos D, Petropoulou Y, Stephanou M.1997. The effects of UV-B radiation on Europeanheathland species. Plant Ecol,128:252～264
Blackman R L, Eastop, V F,2007. Taxonomic issues. In: van Emden, H F., Harrington, R.(Eds.), Aphidsas Crop Pests. CABI Publishing, Wallingford, pp.1～29
Bracho A M,Martinez-Torres D,moya A et al.1995. Discovery and molecular characterization of aplasmid localized in Buchnera sp. Bacterial endosymbiont of the aphid Rhopalosiphon padi. MolEvol,41:67～73
Buchner P.1965. Endosymbiosis of Animals with plant Microorganisms. New York: John wiley and sons,297～332
Buck N, Callaghan T.1999.The direct and indirect effects of enhanced UV-B on the moth caterpillarEpirrita autumnata. Ecol Bull,47:68～76
Burchard P, Bilger W, Weissenb ck G.2000. Contribution of hydroxycinnamates and flavonoids toepidermal shielding of UV-A and UV-B radiation in developing rye primary leaves as assessed byultraviolet-induced chlorophyll fluorescence measurements. Plant Cell Environ,23:1373～1380
Caasi-Lit M.1998. Effects of ultraviolet-B irradiated rice plants on the growth and development of therice leaffolder, Marasmia patnalis Bradley. Philipp Ent,12:179～193
Caasi-Lit MT.2005. Effects of crude and partially purified extracts from UV-B-irradiated rice leaves onHelicoverpa armigera (Hübner). Photochem Photobio, l81:1101～1106
Caasi-Lit M T, Tanner G J, Nayudu M, Whitecross M I.2007.Isovitexin-20-O-beta-[6-O-E-p-coumaroylglucopyranoside] from UV-B irradiated leaves of rice. Oryza sativa L. inhibitsfertility of Helicoverpa armigera. Photochem Photobiol,83:1167～1173
Caldwell M M.1971.Effects of solar UV radiation on the growth and development of higher plants. In:Giese A C (ed) Photophysiology VI. Vol1. New York: Academic Press:131～177
Caldwell M M, Ballaré C L, Bornman J F, Flint S D, Bj rn L O, Teramura A H, Kulandaivelu G, Tevini M.2003.Terrestrial ecosystems, increased solar ultraviolet radiation and interactions with other climaticchange factors. Photochem Photobiol Sci,2:29～38
Caldwell M M, Robberecht R, Flint S D.1983. Internal filters: prospects for UV-acclimation in higherplants. Physiol Plant,58:445～450
Caputo C, Rutitzky M, Ballaré C L.2006. Solar ultraviolet-B radiation alters the attractiveness ofArabidopsis plants to diamondback moths (Plutella xylostella L.): impacts on oviposition andinvolvement of the jasmonic acid pathway. Oecologia,149:81～90
Castle S J, Berger P H.1993. Rates of growth and increase of Myzus persicae on virus-infected potatoesaccording to type of virus-vector relationship. Entomologia Experimentalis et. Applicata,69:51～60
Castle, S J, Mowry, T M, Berger, P H.1998. Differential settling by Myzus persicae (Homoptera:Aphididae) on various virus infected host plants. Ann. Entomol.Soc. Am,91:661～667
Chapman, R F, Bernays, E A, Simpson, S J.1981. Attraction and repulsion of the aphid, Cavariellaaegopodii, by plant odors. J Chem Ecol,7:881～888
Chen C C, Cheng L L, Kuan C C.1981. Studies on the intracellular yeastlike symbiote in brownplanthopper, Nilaparvata lugens Stal. Histological observations and population changes of thesymbiote. Z Ang Entomol,91:321～327
Cheong Y H, Chang H S, Gupta R,Wang X, Zhu T, Luan S.2002. Transcriptional profiling reveals novelinteractions between wounding, pathogen, abiotic stress, and hormonal responses in Arabidopsis.Plant Physiol,129:661～677
Chi H.1988. Life-table analysis incorporating both sex and variable development rate among individuals.Environ. Entomol,17:26～31
Chi H.2008. TWOSEX-MSChart. http://140.120.197.173/ecology/prod02.htm
Chi H, H Liu.1985. Two new methods for study of insect population ecology. Bull Inst Zool Acad Sinica,24:225～240
Chiel E, Messika Y, Steinberg S, Antignus Y.2006. The effect of UV-absorbing plastic sheet on theattraction and host location ability of three parasitoids: Aphidius colemani, Diglyphus isaea andEretmocerus mundus. Biocontrol,51:65～78
Chyzik R, Dobrinin S, Antignus Y.2003. Effect of a UV-deficient environment on the biology and flightactivity of Myzus persicae and its hymenopterous parasite Aphidius matricariae.Phytoparasitica,31:467～477
Clayton R B.1964. The utilization of sterols by insects. Lipid Res,5:3～19
Compton S G..2002. Sailing with the wind: dispersal by small flying insects. In: Bullock, J M, Kenward,R E, Hails R S.(Eds.), Dispersal Ecology. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge:113～133
Cybulski W J, Peterjohn W T, Sullivan J H.2000. The influence of elevated ultraviolet-B radiation (UV-B)on tissue quality and decomposition of loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) needles. Environ Exp Bot,44:231～241
Dadd R H, Krieger D L.Dietary amino acid requirements of the aphid, Myzus persicae. Insect Physiol,1968:14:741～64
Darby A C, Douglas A E.2003. Elucidation of the transmission patterns of an insect-borne bacterium.Appl Environ Microbiol,69:4403～4407
Diezel C, von Dahl C C, Gaquerel E, Baldwin I T.2009. Different lepidopteran elicitors account forcross-talk in herbivory-induced phytohormone signaling. Plant Physiol,150:1576～1586
Donaldson J R, Gratton C.2007. Antagonistic effects of soybean viruses on soybean aphid performance.Environ Entomol,36:918～925
D ring T F, Kirchner S M, Kuhne S, Saucke H.2004. Response of alate aphids to green targets oncoloured backgrounds. Entomol Exp Appl,113:53～61
Doughty K J, Kiddle G A, Pye B J, Wallsgrove R M, Picket J A.1995. Selective induction ofglucosinolates in oilseed rape leaves by methyl jasmonate. Phytochemistry,38:347～350
Douglas A E.1989. Mycetocyte symbiosis in insects. Biol Rev,69:409～34
Douglas A E.1988. Sulphate utilization in an aphid symbiosis.Insect Biochem,18:599～605
Douglas A E.1993. The nutritional quality of phloem sap utilized by natural aphid populations. EcolEntomol,18:31～38
Douglas A E,Minto L B,Wilkinson T L.2001. Quantifying nutrient production by the microbial symbiontsin an aphid. Exp Biol,204:349～358
Douglas A E.1998. Nutritional interactions in insect-microbial symbioses: aphids and their symbioticbacteria Buchnera. Ann Rev Entomol,43:17～37
Douglas A E.1996. Reproductive failure and the free amino acid pools in pea aphids (Acyrthosiphonpisum) lacking symbiotic bacteria. Journal Insect of Physiology,42:247～255
Douglas A E.1992. Requirement of pea aphids(Acyrthosiphon pisum) for their symbiotic bacteria.Entomol Exp Appl,65:195～98
Dunbar H E, Wilson A C C, Ferguson N R, et al.2007. Aphid thermal tolerance is governed by a pointmutation in bacterial symbionts. PlosBiology,5(5):1006～1015
Eastop V F.1983. The biology of the principal aphid virus vectors. In: Plumb, R.T., Thresh, J.M.(Eds.),Plant Virus Epidemiology. Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford:115～132.
Eigenbrode S D.2004. The effects of plant epicuticular waxy blooms on attachment and effectiveness ofpredatory insects. Arthropod Struct Dev,33:91～102
Eigenbrode S D, Ding H J, Shiel P, Berger PH.2002. Volatiles from potato plants infected with potatoleafroll virus attract and arrest the virus vector, Myzus persicae (Homoptera: Aphididae). Proc R SocLond B,269:455～460
Fan S G, Wu G H.2005. Characteristics of plant proteinase inhibitors and their applications in combatingphytophagous insects. Bot Bul Acad Sin,46:273～292
Farmer E E, Ryan C A.1992. Octadecanoid precursors of jasmonic acid activate the synthesis ofwound-inducible proteinase-inhibitors. Plant Cell,4:129～134
Favory J J, Stec A, Gruber H, Rizzini L, Oravecz A, Funk M, Albert A, Cloix C, Jenkins G I, Oakeley E J,Seidlitz H K, Nagy F, Ulm R.2009. Interaction of COP1and UVR8regulates UV-B-inducedphotomorphogenesis and stress acclimation in Arabidopsis. EMBO J,28:591～601
Fereres A, Kampmeier G E, Irwin M E.1999. Aphid attraction and preference for soybean and pepperplants infected with Potyviridae. Ann Entomol Soc Am,92:542～548
Fereres A, Lister. R M, Araya J E, Foster J E.1989. Development and reproduction of the English grainaphid (Homoptera, Aphididae) on wheat cultivars infected with Barley yellow dwarf virus. EnvironEntomol,18:388～393
Foggo A, Higgins S, Wargent J J, Coleman R A.2007. Tri-trophic consequences of UV-B exposure: plants,herbivores and parasitoids. Oecologia,154:505～512
Forbes A R.1969. The stylets of the green peach aphid, Myzus persicae (Homoptera: Aphididae). CanEntomol,101:31～41
Fredenhagen P, Kenny P, Ktta H.1987. Role of intracellular symbiotes in planthoppers. In: Pesticidescience and biotechnology:6th IUPAC congress of pesticide chemistry (Eds. Greenhalgn R andRoberes T R) Blackwell Scientific Publ, London:101～108
Fukatsu T, Nikoh N, Kawai R.2000. The secondary endosymbiotic bacterium of the pea aphidAcyrthosiphon pisum (Insecta:Homoptera). Appl Environ Microbiol,66(7):2748～2758
Gibson R W, Rice A D, Pickett J A, Smith M C, Sawicki R M.1982. The effects of the repellentsdodecanoic acid and polygodial on the acquisition of non-persistent, semi-persistent and persistentplant-viruses by the aphid Myzus persicae. Ann Appl Biol,100:55～59
Gildow F E.1980. Increased production of alate by aphids (Hemiptera, Aphididae) reared on oats infectedwith Barley yellow dwarf virus. Ann Entomol Soc Am,73:343～347
Gildow F E.1983. Influence of barley yellow dwarf virus-infected oats and barley on morphology ofaphid vectors. Phytopathology,73:1196～1199
Gildow F E, Gray S M.1993. The aphid salivary gland basal lamina as a selective barrier associated withvector-specific transmission of barley yellow dwarf luteovirus. Phytopathology,83:1293～1302
Gonzáles W L, Ramírez C C, Olea N, Niemeyer H M.2002. Host plant changes produced by the aphidSipha flava: consequences for aphid feeding behavior and growth. Entomologia Experimentalis etApplicata,103:107～113
Grammatikopoulos G, Kyparissis A, Drilias P, Petropoulou Y, Manetas Y.1998. Effects of UV-B radiationon cuticle thickness and nutritional value of leaves in two mediterranean evergreen sclerophylls. JPlant Physiol,153:506～512
Grant-Petersson J, Renwick J A A.1996. Effects of ultraviolet-B exposure of Arabidopsis thaliana onherbivory by two crucifer-feeding insects (Lepidoptera). Environ Entomol,25:135～142
Grifiths G W, Beck S D.1974. Efects of antibiotics on intracellular symbiotes in the pea aphidAcyrthosiphon pisum. Cell Tissue Res,48:287～300
Griftths G W, Beck S D.1973. Intracellular symbiotes of the pea aphid, Acyrthosiphom pisum. InsectPhysiol,19:75～84
Gwynn-Jones D.1999. Enhanced UV-B radiation and herbivory. Ecol Bull,47:77～83
Hagerman A E, Butler L G.1991. Tannins and lignins. In: Rosenthal GA, Berenbaum MR (eds)Herbivores: their interactions with secondary plant metabolites, the chemical participants. Vol1. SanDiego: Academic Press:355～388
Hara E, Ishikawa H.1990. Purification and partial characterization of symbionin, an aphid endosymbiontspecific protein. Insect Biochem,20:421～27
Harborne J B, Williams C A.2000. Advances in flavonoid research since1992. Phytochemistry,55:481～504
Hardie J, Leckstein P.2007. Antibiotics, primary symbionts and wing polyphenism in three aphid species.Insect Biochem Molec,37:886～890
Harrewijn P, Kayser H, Pymetrozine.1997. A fast-acting and selective inhibitor of aphid feeding. In-situstudies with electronic monitoring of feeding behaviour. Pestic Sci,49(2):130～1401
Hashiba T, Misawa T.1969. Studies on the mechanism of aphid transmission of stylet-borne virus. III. Onthe adherence of the virus to the stylet. J Agric Res,20:159～171
Hatcher P E, Paul N D.1994. The effect of elevated UV-B radiation on herbivory of pea by Autographagamma. Entomol Exp Appl,71:227～233
Heie O E.1980. The Aphidoedea of Fennoscandia and Denmark. I: Introduction and the familiesMindarideae, Hormaphididae,Thelaxidae,Anoeciidae, and Pemphigidae. Fauna Entomol Scand,9:1～236
Herms D A, Mattson W J.1992. The dilemma of plants: to grow or defend. Q Rev Biol,67:283～335
Hinde R.1971.The control of the mycetome symbiotes of the aphids Brevicoryne brassicae, Myzuspersicae and Macrosiphum rosae. Insect Physiol,17:1791～1800
Holmes M G.1997. Action spectra for UV-B effects on plants: monochromatic approaches for analyzingplant responses. In: Lumsden PJ (eds) Plants and UV-B: responses to environmental change. Vol.1.Cambridge: Society for Experimental Biology, Seminar Series64. Cambridge University Press:31～50
Houk E J,Griffiths G W.1980. Intracellular symbiotes of the Homoptera. Annu Rev Entomol,25:161～87
Huang S B, Dai Q J, Peng S B, Chavez A Q, Miranda L L, Visperas R M, Vergara B S.1997. Influence ofsupplemental ultraviolet-B on indoleacetic acid and calmodulin in the leaves of rice (Oryza sativa L).Plant Growth Regul,21:59～64
Izaguirre M M, Scopel A L, Baldwin I T, Ballaré C L.2003. Convergent responses to stress. Solarultraviolet-B radiation and Manduca sexta herbivory elicit overlapping transcriptional responses infield-grown plants of Nicotiana longiflora. Plant Physiol,132:1755～1767
Jansen M A K.2002. Ultraviolet-B radiation effects on plants: induction of morphogenic responses.Physiol Plant,116:423～429
Jansen M A K, Elfstrand M, Heggie L, Sitbon F, Dix P J, Thorneley R N F.2004. Over-expression ofphenol-oxidising peroxidases alters the UV-susceptibility of transgenic Nicotiana tabacum. NewPhytol,163:585～594
Jansen M A K, Gaba V, Greenberg B M.1998. Higher plants and UV-B radiation: balancing damage,repair and acclimation. Trends Plant Sci,3:131～135
Jansen M A K, Hectors K, Brien N M, Guisez Y, Potters G.2008. Plant stress and human health: do humanconsumers benefit from UV-B acclimated crops. Plant Sci,175:449～458
Jansen M A K, Le Martret B, Koornneef M.2010. Variations in constitutive and inducible UV-B tolerance;dissecting photosystem II protection in Arabidopsis thaliana accessions. Physiol Plant,138:22～34
Jansen M A K, van den Noort R E, Tan M Y A, Prinsen E, Lagrimini L M, Thorneley R N F.2001.Phenol-oxidizing peroxidases contribute to the protection of plants from ultraviolet radiation stress.Plant Physiol,126:1012～1023
Jenkins G I, Brown B A.2007. UV-B perception and signal transduction. In: Whitelam G C, Halliday K J(eds) Light and plant development. Vol30. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing:155～182
Jiang Y X, De Blas C, Barrios L, Fereres A.2000. Correlation between whitefly (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae)feeding behavior and transmission of tomato yellow leaf curl virus. Ann Entomol Soc Am,93:573～579
Jimenez-Martinez E S, Bosque-Perez N A, Berger P H, Zemetra R, Ding H J, Eigenbrode S D.2004.Volatile cues influence the response of Rhopalosiphum padi (Homoptera: Aphididae) to barleyyellow dwarf virus-infected transgenic and untransformed wheat. Environ Entomol,33:1207～1216
Johnson D D, Walker G P, Creamer R.2002. Stylet penetration behavior resulting in inoculation of asemipersistently transmitted closterovirus by the whitefly Bemisia argentifolii. Entomol Exp Appl,102:115～123
Jones D R.2003. Plant viruses transmitted by whiteflies. Eur J Plant Pathol,109:195～219
Kakani V G, Reddy K R, Zhao D, Sailaja K.2003. Field crop responses to ultraviolet-B radiation: a review.Agric For Meteorol,120:191～218
Kaloshian I, M G Kinsey, V M Williamson,D E Ullman.2000. Mi-mediated resistance against the potatoaphid Macrosiphum euphorbiae (Hemiptera: Aphididae) limits sieve element ingestion. EnvironEntomol,29:690～695
Kennedy J S.1951. Benefits to aphids from feeding on galled and virus-infected leaves. Nature,168:825～826
Kennedy J S, Booth C O, Kershaw W J S.1961. Host finding by aphids in the field. III. Visual attraction.Ann Appl Biol,49:1～21
Kennedy J S, Booth C O, Kershaw W J S.1959. Host finding by aphids in the field. II. Aphis fabae Scop.(Gynoparae) and Brevicoryne brassicae L with a reappraisal of the role of host finding behaviour invirus spread. Ann Appl Biol,47:424～444
Kessler A, Baldwin I T.2002. Plant responses to insect herbivory: the emerging molecular analysis. AnnuRev Plant Biol,53:299～328
Kieckhefer R W, Stoner W N, Thysell J R.1976. Preferences of flight-active Barley yellow dwarf virusvectors for healthy or diseased leaves. Plant Dis Rep,60:939～941
Kimmins F M, Bosque-Perez N A.1996. Electrical penetration graphs from Cicadulina spp. and theinoculation of a persistent virus into maize. Entomol Exp Appl,80:46～49
Kirchner S M, Doering T F, Saucke H.2005. Evidence for trichromacy in the green peach aphid, Myzuspersicae (Sulz.)(Hemiptera: Aphididae). J. Insect Physiol,51:1255～1260
Klingauf F A.1987a. In:Minks A K,Harrewijn P (Eds.), Aphids: their biology,natural enemies andcontrol.Vol.2A.Elsevier Amsterdam:244～246
Klingauf F A.1987b. Host plant finding and acceptance. In: Minks, A.K., Harrewijn, P.(Eds.), Aphidstheir Biology, Natural Enemies, and Control.Vol.2A. Elsevier, Amsterdam:209～223
Kring J B.1972. Flight behaviour of aphids. Annu Rev Entomol,17:461～492
Krizek D T.2004. Influence of PAR and UV-A in determining plant sensitivity and photomorphogenicresponses to UV-B radiation. Photochem Photobiol,79:307～315
Kuhlmann F, Müller C.2009a. Development-dependent effects of UV radiation exposure on broccoliplants and interactions with herbivorous insects. Environ Exp Bot,66:61～68
Kuhlmann F,Müller C.2009b. Independent responses to ultraviolet radiation and herbivore attack inbroccoli. J Exp Bot,60:3467～3475
Kuhlmann F, Müller C.2010. UV-B impact on aphid performance mediated by plant quality and plantchanges induced by aphids. Plant Biol,12:676～684
Lütz C, Navakoudis E, Seidlitz H K, Kotzabasis K.2005. Simulated solar irradiation with enhanced UV-Badjust plastid-and thylakoid-associated polyamine changes for UV-B protection. Biochim BiophysActa Bioenerg,1710:24～33
Lai C Y, Baumann L, Baumann P.1994. Amplification of trpEG, adaptation of Buchndera aphidicola to anendosymbiotic association with aphids.Proc Natl Acad Sci USA,91:3819～23
Landry L G, Chapple C C S, Last R L.1995. Arabidopsis mutants lacking phenolic sunscreens exhibitenhanced ultraviolet-B injury and oxidative damage. Plant Physiol,109:1159～1166
Lanham U N.1968. The Blochmann bodies: hereditary intracellular symbionts of' insects. Biol RevCambridge Philos Soc,43:269～86
Lavola A, Julkunen-Tiitto R, Roininen H, Aphalo P.1998. Host-plant preference of an insect herbivoremediated by UV-B and CO2in relation to plant secondary metabolites. Biochem Syst Ecol,26:1～12
LeeY H, Hou R F.1987. Physiological roles of a yeast-like symbiote in reproduction and embryonicdevelopment of the brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens Stal. Insect Physiol,33:851～860
Lei H, J C van Lenteren, W F Tjallingii.1999. Analysis of resistance in tomato and sweet pepper againstthe greenhouse whitefly using electrically monitored and visually observed probing and feedingbehavior. Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata,92:299～309
Lindroth R L, Hofman R W, Campbell B D, McNabb W C, Hunt D Y.2000. Population differences inTrifolium repens L. response to ultraviolet-B radiation: foliar chemistry and consequences for twolepidopteran herbivores. Oecologia,122:20～28
Lombaert E, Boll R, Lapchin L.2006. Dispersal strategies of phytophagous insects at a local scale:adaptive potential of aphids in an agricultural environment. BMC Evol Biol,6:75
Müller C.2006. Plant-insect interactions on cuticular surfaces. In: Riederer M, Müller C (eds) Biology ofthe plant cuticle. Vol1. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing:398～422
Müller C.2008. Resistance at the plant cuticle. In: Schaller A (ed) Induced plant resistance to herbivory.Vol.1. Berlin: Springer:107～129
Müller C, Riederer M.2005. Plant surface properties in chemical ecology. J Chem Ecol,31:2621～2651
Macias W, Mink GnI.1969. Preference of green peach aphids for virus-infected sugarbeet leaves. J EconEntomol,62:28～29
Mackerness S A H.2000. Plant responses to ultraviolet-B (UV-B:280-320nm) stress: what are the keyregulators. Plant Growth Regul,32:27～39
Mackerness S A H, Surplus S L, Blake P, John C F, Buchanan-Wollaston V, Jordan B R, Thomas B.1999.Ultraviolet-B-induced stress and changes in gene expression in Arabidopsis thaliana: role ofsignalling pathways controlled by jasmonic acid, ethylene and reactive oxygen species. Plant CellEnviron,22:1413～1423
Madronich S, McKenzie R L, Bj rn L O, Caldwell M M.1998. Changes in biologically active ultravioletradiation reaching the Earth’s surface. J Photochem Photobiol B,46:5～19
Mahdavian K, Ghorbanli M, Kalantari K M.2008. Role of salicylic acid in regulating ultravioletradiation-induced oxidative stress in pepper leaves. Russ J Plant Physiol,55:560～563
Marion J L.1964. The effects of irradiation on the longevity of female Drosophila subobscura. J InsectPhysiol,10:487～497
Markkula M&S Laurema.1964. Changes in concentration of free amino acids in plants induced by virusdiseases and the reproduction of aphids. Ann Agric Fenn,3:265～271
Martín B, Collar J L, Tjallingii W F, Fereres A.1997. Intracellular ingestion and salivation by aphids maycause the acquisition and inoculation of nonpersistently transmitted plant viruses. J Gen Virol,78:2701～2705
Mazza C A, Izaguirre M M, Zavala J, Scopel A L, Ballaré CL.2002. Insect perception of ambientultraviolet-B radiation. Ecol Lett,5:722～726
Mazza C A, Zavala J, Scopel A L, Ballaré C L.1999. Perception of solar UV-B radiation by phytophagousinsects: behavioral responses and ecosystem implications. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA,96:980～985
McCloud E S, Berenbaum M.1994. Stratospheric ozone depletion and plant-insect interactions: effects ofUVB radiation on foliage quality of Citrus jambhiri for Trichoplusia ni. J Chem Ecol,20:525～539
McCloud E S, Berenbaum M.1999. Effects of enhanced UV-B radiation on a weedy forb (Plantagolanceolata) and its interactions with a generalist and specialist herbivore. Entomol Exp Appl,93:233～246
McConn M, Creelman R A, Bell E, Mullet J E, Browse J.1997. Jasmonate is essential for insect defenseArabidopsis. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA,94:5473～5477
McKenzie R L, Bj rn L O, Bais A, Ilyas M.2003. Changes in biologically active ultraviolet radiationreaching the Earth’s surface. Photochem Photobiol Sci,2:354～354
Mclean D L, Kinsey M G.1964. A technique for electronically recording of aphid feeding and salivation.Nature,202:1358～1359
Miller J W, Coon B F.1964. Effect of barley yellow dwarf virus on biology of its vector English grainaphid Macrosiphum granarium. J Econ Entomol,57:970～974
Minks A K,Harrewijn P.1987,1988,1989. Aphids:Their Biology,Natural Enemies,and control. Vols2A,2B,2C.
Mira A, Moran N A.2002. Estimating population size and transmission bottlenecks in maternallytransmitted eEndosymbiotic Bacteria.Microb Ecol, Jun28
Mirecki R M, Teramura A H.1984. Effects of ultraviolet-B irradiance on soybean V: The dependence ofplant-sensitivity on the photosynthetic photon flux-density during and after leaf expansion. PlantPhysiol,74:475～480
Mitchell P L.2004. Heteroptera as vectors of plant pathogens. Neotropical Entomol.33:519～545.
Montllor C B, Maxmem A, Purcell A H.2002. Facultative bacterial endosymbionts benefit pea aphidsAcyrthosiphon pisumunder heat stress. Ecol Entomol,27:189～195
Montllor C B, Gildow F E.1986. Feeding responses of two grain aphids to Barley yellow dwarfvirus-infected oats. Entomol Exp Appl,42:63～69
Morris J G. Nutrition.1991. In environmental and metabolic animal physiology. New York: John Wiley&Sons:231～276
Munson M A, Baumann P, Kinsey M G.1991b. Buchnera gen.nov.and Buchnera aphidicola sp.nov, ataxon consisting of the mycetocyte-associated, primary endosymbionts of aphids.Syst Bacteriol,41:566～568
Munson M A,Baumann P, Clark M A, Baumann L, Moran N A.1991a. Evidence for the establishment ofaphid ubacterium endosymbiosis in an ancestor of four aphid families. Bacteriol,173:6321～6324
Munson M A,Baumann P.1993. Molecular cloning and cloning and nucleotide sequence of a putativetrpDC(F)BA operon in Buchnera aphidicola (endosymbiont of the aphid Schizaphis graminum).Journal of Bacteriol,175:6426～32
Nault L R.1997. Arthropod transmission of plant viruses: a new synthesis. Ann Entomol Soc Am,90:521～541
Nault L R, Ammar E D.1989. Leafhopper and planthopper transmission of plant viruses. Ann RevEntomol,34:503～529
Navrot N, Rouhier N, Gelhaye E, Jacquot J P.2007. Reactive oxygen species generation and antioxidantsystems in plant mitochondria. Physiol Plant,129:185～195
Nebreda M, Moreno A, Pérez N, Palacios I, Seco-Fernández V, Fereres A.2004. Activity of aphidsassociated with lettuce and broccoli in Spain and their efficiency as vectors of Lettuce mosaic virus.Virus Res,100:83～88
Newsham K, McLeod A R, Greenslade P, Emmett B.1996. Appropriate controls in outdoor UV-Bsupplementation experiments. Glob Chang Biol,2:319～324
Ngumbi E, Eigenbrode S D, Bosque-Perez N A, Ding H, Rodriguez A.2007. Myzus persicae is arrestedmore by blends than by individual compounds elevated in headspace of PLRV-infected potato. JChem Ecol,33:1733～1747
Normanly J, Bartel B.1999. Redundancy as a way of life-IAA metabolism. Curr Opin Plant Biol,2:207～213
Nottingham S F, Hardie J.1993. Flight behaviour of the black bean aphid, Aphis fabae, and the cabbageaphids, Brevicoryne brassicae, in host and nonhost plant odor. Physiol Entomol.18:389～394
Nottingham S F, Hardie J, Dawson G W, Hick A J, Pickett J A, Wadhams L J, Woodcock C M.1991.Behavioral and electrophysiological responses of aphids to host and nonhost plant volatiles. J ChemEcol,17:1231～1242
Ohtsuka K, Osakabe M.2009. Deleterious effects of UV-B radiation on herbivorous spider mites: they canavoid it by remaining on lower leaf surfaces. Environ Entomol,38:920～929
Oliver K M, Moran N A, Hunter M S.2005. Variation in resistance to parasitism in aphids is due tosymbionts not host genotype. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA,102:12795～12800
Olsson L C, Veit M, Weissenb ck G, Bornman J F.1998. Differential flavonoid response to enhancedUV-B radiation in Brassica napus. Phytochemistry,49:1021～1028
Park K C, Hardie J.2004. Electrophysiological characterization of olfactory sensilla in the black beanaphid, Aphis fabae. J. Insect Physiol,50:647～655
Paul N D, Gwynn-Jones D.2003. Ecological roles of solar UV radiation: towards an integrated approach.Trends Ecol Evol,18:48～55
Peer W A, Murphy A S.2007. Flavonoids and auxin transport: modulators or regulators? Trends Plant Sci,12:556～563
Pennacchio F, Fanti P, Falabella P.1999. Development and nutrition of the braconid wasp, Aphidius erviin aposymbiotic host aphids.Archives of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology,40:53～69.
Pettersson J.1973. Olfactory reactions of Brevycorine brassicae (L.)(Hom.: Aph.). Sweedish J Agric Res,3:95～103
Pirone T P, Harris K F.1977. Nonpersistent transmission of plant viruses by aphids. Annu RevPhytopathol,15:55～73
Piubelli G C, Hoffmann-Campo C B, De Arruda I C, Franchini J C, Lara F M.2003. Flavonoid increase insoybean as a response to Nezara viridula injury and its effect on insect-feeding preference. J ChemEcol,29:1223～1233
Ponder K L, Pritchard J, Harrington R.2000. Difficulties in location and acceptance of phloem sapcombined with reduced concentration of phloem amino acids explain lowered performance of theaphid on nitrogen deficient barley (Hordeum vulgare) seedlings. Entomol Exp Appl,97(2):203～210
Pourcel L, Routaboul J M, Cheynier V, Lepiniec L, Debeaujon I.2007. Flavonoid oxidation in plants:from biochemical properties to physiological functions. Trends Plant Sci,12:29～36
Powell G, Hardie J.2002. Xylem ingestion by winged aphids. Entomol Exp Appl,104(1):103～108.
Powell G, Tosh C R, Hardie J.2006. Host plant selection by aphids: behavioral, evolutionary, and appliedperspectives. Annu Rev Entomol,51:309～330
Powell G.1991. Cell membrance punctures during epidermal penetrations by aphids: consequences for thetransmission of two potyviruses. Ann Appl Biol,119:313～321
Powell G., Tosh C R, Hardie J.2006. Host plant selection by aphids: behavioral, evolutionary, and appliedperspectives. Ann Rev Entomol,51:309～330
Power A G.1996. Competition between viruses in a complex plant-pathogen. Ecology,77:1004～1010.
Prado E, Tjallingii W F.1997. Effects of previous plant infestation on sieve element acceptance by twoaphids. Entomol Exp Appl,82:189～200
Prado E, Tjallingii WF.1994. Aphid activities during sieve element punctures. Entomol. Exp Appl,72:157～165
Predieri S, Norman H A, Krizek D T, Pillai P, Mirecki R M, Zimmerman R H.1995. Influence of UV-Bradiation on membrane lipid-composition and ethylene evolution in ‘doyenned hiver’ pear shootsgrown in-vitro under different photosynthetic photon fluxes. Environ Exp Bot,35:151～160
Prosser W A,Douglas A E.1992. A test of the hypotheses that nitrogen is upgraded and recycled in anaphid (Acyrthosiphon pisum) symbiosis. Insect Physiol,38:93～99
Quiroz C R, M Lister J E. Araya&J E Foster.1991. Effects of symptom variants derived from theNY-MAV isolate of barley yellow dwarf virus on the life cycle of the English grain aphid(Homoptera: Aphididae) and on yield components in wheat and oats. J Econ Entomol,84:1920～1925
Rahbe Y, Delobel B, Febvay G, et al.1994. Aphid-specific triglycerides in symbiotic and aposymbioticAcyrthosiphon pisum.Insect Bioche Mol Biol,24:95～101
Rakitin V Y, Prudnikova O N, Karyagin V V, Rakitina T Y, Vlasov P V, Borisova T A, Novikova G V,Moshkov I E.2008. Ethylene evolution and ABA and polyamine contents in Arabidopsis thalianaduring UV-B stress. Russ J Plant Physiol,55:321～327
Ramírez C C, Caballero P P, Niemeyer H M.2003. Effect of previous exposure to hydroxamic acids inprobing behavior of aphid Sitobion fragariae on wheat seedlings. J Chem Ecol,25(4):771～779
Raviv M, Antignus Y.2004. Invited Review: UV radiation effects on pathogens and insect pests ofgreenhouse-grown crops. Photochem Photobiol,79:219～226
Reifenrath K, Müller C.2007. Species-specific and leaf-age dependent effects of ultraviolet radiation ontwo Brassicaceae. Phytochemistry,68:875～885
Reifenrath K, Müller C.2008. Multiple feeding stimulants in Sinapis alba for the oligophagous leaf beetlePhaedon cochleariae. Chemoecology,18:19～27
Reifenrath K, Müller C.2009. Larval performance of the mustard leaf beetle (Phaedon cochleariae,Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae) on white mustard (Sinapis alba) and watercress (Nasturtium officinale)leaves in dependence of plant exposure to ultraviolet radiation. Environ Pollut,157:2053～2060
Reitz S R, Trumble J T.1996. Tritrophic interactions among linear furanocoumarins, the herbivoreTrichoplusia ni (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), and the polyembryonic parasitoid Copidosoma floridanum(Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae). Environ Entomol,25:1391～1397
Reitz S R, Trumble J T.1997. Effects of linear furanocoumarins on the herbivore Spodoptera exigua andthe parasitoid Archytas marmoratus: host quality and parasitoid success. Entomol Exp Appl,84:9～16
Remaudiere G, Remaudiere M.1997. Catalogue des Aphide du monde. Catalogue of the world’sAphididae. Homoptera: Aphidioidea. INRA Editions, Versalles. Richards O W, Davies R G.1977Imms’s General Textbook of Entomology, vols.1～2.,10th ed. Chapman&Hall, New York.
Renobles M, Cripps C, Stanley S D W.1987. Biosynthesis of linoleic acid in insects.Trends Biochem.Sci,12:364～366
Renobles M,Ryan R O,Heisler C R.1986. Linoleic acid biosynthesis in the pea aphid, Acyrthosiphonpisum (Harris). Arch. Insect Biochem Physiol,3:193～203
Renwick J A A, Zhang W Q, Haribal M, Attygalle A B, Lopez K D.2001. Dual chemical barriers protect aplant against different larval stages of an insect. J Chem Ecol,27:1575～1583
Riederer M, Müller C.2006. Biology of the plant cuticle. Annual reviews of plant biology. BlackwellPublishing, Oxford
Robert Y.1987. Aphids and their environment. In: Minks A K, Harrewijn P (Eds.). Aphids their Biology,Natural Enemies and Control. Vol.2A. Elsevier Amsterdam:299～313
Rousseaux M C, Ballaré C L, Scopel A L, Searles P S, Caldwell M M.1998. Solar ultraviolet-B radiationaffects plant-insect interactions in a natural ecosystem of Tierra del Fuego (southern Argentina).Oecologia,116:528～535
Ryan C A.1990. Protease inhibitors in plants-genes for improving defenses against insects and pathogens.Annu Rev Phytopathol,28:425～449
Ryan C A.2000. The systemin signaling pathway: differential activation of plant defensive genes.Biochim Biophys Acta-Protein Struct Mol Enzymol,1477:112～121
Sacher G A.1963. Effects of X-Rays on the Survival of Drosophila imagoes. Physiol Zool,36:295～311
Salt D T, Moody S A, Whittaker J B, Paul N D.1998. Effects of enhanced UVB on populations of thephloem feeding insect Strophingia ericae (Homoptera: Psylloidea) on heather (Calluna vulgaris).Glob Chang Biol,4:91～96
Sandstr m J, Telang A, Moran N A.2000. Nutritional enhancement of host plants by aphids-a comparisonof three aphid species on grasses. J Insect Physiol,46:33～40
Sangtarash M H, Qaderi M M, Chinnappa C C, Reid D M.2009. Differential sensitivity of canola(Brassica napus) seedlings to ultraviolet-B radiation, water stress and abscisic acid. Environ Exp Bot,66:212～219
Sasaki T, Ishikawa H.1993. Nitrogen recycling in the endosymbiotic system of the pea aphid,Acyrthosiphon pisum. Zool Sci,10:779～785
Sasaki T, Ishikawa H.1995. Production of essential amino acids from glutamate by mycetocyte symbiontsof the pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum. Insect Physiol,41(1):41～46
Sasaki T, Kawamura M, Ishikawa H.199. Nitrogen recycling in brown planthopper Nilaparvata lugens:in volvement of yeast like endosymbionts in uric acid metabolism. Insect Physiol,6,42(2):125～129
Sasaki T. Aoki T. Hayashi H, et al.1990. Amino acid composition of the honeydew of symbiotic andaposymbiotic pea aphids Acyrthosiphon pisum. Insect Physiol,36:35～40
Sauge M H, Lacroze J P, Po ssel J L, Pascal T, Kervella J.2002. Induced resistance by Myzus persicae inthe peach cultivar ‘Rubira’. Entomol Exp Appl,102:29～37
Sauge M H, J Kervella, Y Rahbé.1998. Probing behavior of the green peach aphid Myzus persicae onresistant prunnus genotypes. Entomol Exp Appl,89:223～232
Schanz F.1920. Versuche über die wirkung ultravioletter strahlen des tageslichtes auf die vegetation.Pfluger’s Arch gesamte Physiol Mensch Tiere,181:229～284
Schmelz E A, Engelberth J, Alborn H T, O’Donnell P, Sammons M, Toshima H, Tumlinson J H.2003.Simultaneous analysis of phytohormones, phytotoxins, and volatile organic compounds in plants.Proc Natl Acad Sci USA,100:10552～10557
Schmitz-Hoerner R, Weissenb ck G.2003. Contribution of phenolic compounds to the UV-B screeningcapacity of developing barley primary leaves in relation to DNA damage and repair under elevatedUV-B levels. Phytochemistry,64:243～255
Schroeder D, Deppisch H, Obermayer M, Krohne G, Stachbrandt E.1996. Intracellular endosymbioticbacteria of Camponotus species (carpenter ants):systematic,evolution and ultrastructuralcharacterization.Mol.Microbiol,21:479～489.
Schwennler W.1974. Studies on the fine structure of leafhopper intracellular symbionts during theirreproductive cycles (Hemiptera:Deltocephalidae). Appl Entomol Zool,9:215～224
Seckmeyer G, Payer H D.1993. A new sunlight simulator for ecological research on plants. J PhotochemPhotobiol B-Biol,21:175～181
Selman I W, M R Brierly, G F Pegg, Hill T A.1961.Changes in the free amino acids and amides in tomatoplants inoculated with tomato spotted wilt virus. Ann Appl Biol,49:601～633
Shigenobu S, Watanabe H, Hattori M.2000. Genome sequence of the endocellular bacterial symbiont ofaphids Buchnera sp. APS. Nature,407:81～86
Sisterson M S.2008. Effects of insect-vector preference for healthy or infected plants on pathogen spread:insights from a model. J Econ Entomol,101:1～8
Slesak E, Slesak M, Gabrys B.2001. Effect of methyl jasmonate on hydroxamic acid content, proteaseactivity, and bird cherry-oat aphid Rhopalosiphum padi (L.) probing behavior. J Chem Ecol,27(12):2529～2543
Soler T, Latorre A, Sabater B, Silva F J.2000. Molecular characterization of the leucine plasmid fromBuchnera aphidicola, primary endosymbiont of the aphid Acyrthosiphon pisum. Curr Microbiol,40(4):264～8
Srinivasan R, Alvarez J M.2007. Effect of mixed viral infections (Potato virus Y-Potato leafroll virus) onbiology and preference of vectors Myzus persicae and Macrosiphum euphorbiae (Hemiptera:Aphididae). J Econ Entomol,100:646～655
Steinmüller D, Tevini M.1985. Action of ultraviolet radiation (UV-B) upon cuticular waxes in some cropplants. Planta,164:557～564
Stevenson P C, Muyinza H, Hall D R, Porter E A, Farman D I, Talwana H, Mwanga R O M.2009.Chemical basis for resistance in sweetpotato Ipomoea batatas to the sweetpotato weevil Cylaspuncticollis. Pure Appl Chem,81:141～151
Stratmann J W, Stelmach B A, Weller E W, Ryan C A.2000. UVB/UVA radiation activates a48kD amyelin basic protein kinase and potentiates wound signaling in tomato leaves. PhotochemPhotobiol,71:116～123
Summers C G, Newton A S, Estrada D.1996. Intraplant and interplant movement of Bemisia argentifolii(Homoptera: Aleyrodidae) crawlers. Environ Entomol,25:1360～1364
Surplus S L, Jordan B R, Murphy A M, Carr J P, Thomas B, Mackerness S A H.1998UltravioletB-induced responses in Arabidopsis thaliana: role of salicylic acid and reactive oxygenspecies in the regulation of transcripts encoding photosynthetic and acidic pathogenesis-relatedproteins. Plant Cell Environ,21:685～694
Svoboda J A,Thompson M J.1985. In comprehensive insect physiology biochemistry and pharmacology(Ed. By Kerkut G A and Gilbert L I). Vol10. Oxford: Pergamon Press:137～177
Sylvester E S.1956. Beet yellows virus transmission by the Green peach aphid. J Econ Entomol,49:789～800
Sylvester E S.1973. Reduction of excretion, reproduction, and survival in Hyperomyzus lactucae fed onplants infected with isolates of sow thistle yellow vein virus. Virology,56:632～635
Tegelberg R, Julkunen-Tiitto R.2001. Quantitative changes in secondary metabolites of darkleavedwillow (Salix myrsinifolia) exposed to enhanced ultraviolet-B radiation. Physiol Plant,113:541～547
Tevini M, Steinmüller D.1987. Influence of light, UV-B radiation, and herbicides on wax biosynthesis ofcucumber seedlings. J Plant Physiol,131:111～121
Textor S, Gershenzon J.2009. Herbivore induction of the glucosinolates-myrosinase defense system:major trends, biochemical basis and ecological significance. Phytochem Rev,8:149～170
Thieme T, Heimbach U.1996. Development and reproductive of cereal aphids (Homoptera:Aphididae) onwinter wheat cultivals. Wprs Bulletion,19(3):1～8
Thomas Thieme.1998. Adaptive significance of brown coloration in Sitobion avenae. Integrated controlin Cereal Crops,21(8):7～13
Thompson M J, Svoboda J A, Kaplanis J N.1972. Metabolic pathways of steroids in insects. Proc R SocLond Ser B,180:203～231
Tjallingii W F.1986. Wire effects on aphids during electrical recording of stylet penetration. EntomolExp Appl,40:89～98
Tjallingii W F.1978. Electronic recording of penetration behavior by aphids. Entomol Exp Appl,24:721～730
Tjallingii W F.1985a. Electrical nature of record signals during styled penetration by aphids. EntomolExp Appl,38:177～186
Tjallingii W F.1985b. Membrance potentials as an indication for plant cell penetration by aphids stylets.Entomol Exp Appl,38:187～193
Tjallingii W F.1998. Electrical recording of stylet penetration activities. In: Minks A K, Harrewijn P.(eds.).Aphids, their biology, natural enemies and control. Amsterdam: Elsevier Science PublishersB.V.Amsterdam,88(2):95～108
Tjallingii, W F.1988. Electrical recording of stylet penetration activities. In: Minks A K, Harrewijn P J.(Eds.), Aphids: Their Biology. Natural Enemies and Control. Vol2B. Elsevier, Amsterdam:95～108
Tjallingii, W F.1994. Sieve element acceptance by aphids. Eur J Entomol,91:47～52
Tjallingii, W F.2006. Salivary secretions by aphids interacting with proteins of phloem wound responses.J Exp Bot,57:739～745.
Tjallingii W F.1978.Mechanoreceptors of the aphid labium. Entomol Exp Appl,24:531～537.
Tjallingii W F.1985. Membrane potentials as an indication for plant cell penetration by aphid stylets.Entomol Exp Appl,38:187～193
Tjallingii W F, Esch T H.1993. Fine-structure of aphid stylet routes in plant～tissues in correlation withEPG signals. Physiol Entomol,18:317～328
Tsuchida T, Koga R, Fukatsu T.2004. Host plant specialization governed by facultative symbiont. Science,303:1989
Ulmann S.2007. Einfluss von UV-B auf den monophagen Blattk afer Cassida canaliculata und seineWirtspflanze Salvia pratensis. Diploma Thesis. University at Würzburg:86
Unterman B M,Baumann P, McLean D L.1989. Pea aphid symbiont relationships established by analysisof16Sr RNAs. J Bacteriol,171:2970～74
Urbanska A, Tjallingii W F, Dixon A F G.1998. Phenol oxidising enzymes in the grain aphid's saliva.Entomol.Exp Appl,86(2):197～203
Vaiserman A M, N M Koshel, A Y Litoshenko, T G Mozzhukhina, V P Voitenko.2003. Effects ofX-irradiation in early ontogenesis on the longevity and amount of the S1nuclease-sensitive DNAsites in adult Drosophila melanogaster. Biogerontology,4:9～14
Vaiserman A M, N M Koshel, V P Voitenko.2004a. Effect of X-irradiation at larval stage on adult lifespanin Drosophila melanogaster. Biogerontology,5:49～54
Vaiserman A M, N M Koshel, L V Mechova, V P Voitenko.2004b. Cross-life stage and cross-generationaleffects of gamma irradiations at the egg stage on Drosophila melanogaster life histories.Biogerontology,5:327～337
Van den Heuvel J F J M,Verbeek M, van der F.1994. Endosymbiotic bacteria associated with circulativetransmission of potato virus by Myzus persicae.Gen Virol,75:2559～65
Veteli T O, Tegelberg R, Pusenius J, Sipura M, Julkunen-Tiitto R, Aphalo P J, Tahvanainen J.2003.Interactions between willows and insect herbivores under enhanced ultraviolet-B radiation.Oecologia,137:312～320
Vlot A C, Dempsey D M A, Klessig D F.2009. Salicylic acid, a multifaceted hormone to combat disease.Annu Rev Phytopatho,l47:177～206
Von Dehn M.1961. Untersuchungen uber die Stofwechselphysiologie der Aphiden. Die Aminosauren andZucker Siebrohrensafl einiger Krautgewachsarten und im Honigtau ihrer Schmarotzer. Z Vgl Physiol,45:88～108
Walters F S, Mullin C A, Gildow F E.1994. Biosynthesis of sorbic acid in aphids:an investigation intosymbiont involvement and potential lrelationships with aphid pigments. Arch Insect Biochem Physiol,26:49～67
Wang K L C, Li H, Ecker J R.2002. Ethylene biosynthesis and signaling networks. Plant Cell,14:S131～S151
Wang Y B, Feng H Y, Qu Y, Cheng J Q, Zhao Z G, Zhang M X, Wang X L, An L Z.2006. The relationshipbetween reactive oxygen species and nitric oxide in ultraviolet-B-induced ethylene production inleaves of maize seedlings. Environ Exp Bot,57:51～61
Warren J M, Bassman J H, Eigenbrode S.2002. Leaf chemical changes induced in Populus trichocarpa byenhanced UV-B radiation and concomitant effects on herbivory by Chrysomela scripta (Coleoptera:Chrysomelidae). Tree Physiol,22:1137～1146
Watson M A, Robers F M.1939. A comparative study of the transmission of Hyoscyamus virus3, potatovirus Y and cucumber virus1by the vectors Myzus persicae (Sulz), M. circumflexus (Buckton), andMacrosiphum gei (K). Proc R Soc Lond B,127,543～577
Way M J, Banks C.1967. Intra-specific mechanisms in relation to the regulation of numbers of Aphisfabae Scop. Ann Appl Biol,110:1～7
Way M J, Cammell M.1970. Aggregation behavior in relation to food utilization by aphids. In: WatsonAK, Editors. Animal Populations in Relation to Their Food Resources, A: Blackwell:Oxford, UK:229～247
Wensler R J D, Filshie B K.1969. Gustatory sense organs in the food canal of aphids.J. Morphol:129,473～47
Wilkinson T L, Adams D, Minto L B, Douglas A E.2001.The impact of host plant on the abundance andfunction of symbiotic bacteria in an aphid. Exp Biol,204:3027～3038
Wilkinson T L,Douglas A E.1995a. Aphid feeding,as influenced by disruption of the symbioticbacteria:an an alysis of the pea aphid (Acyrthosiphon pisum). Insect Physiol,41:635～640
Wilkinson T L,Douglas A E.1995b. Why pea aphids (Acyrthosiphon pisum) lacking symbiotic bacteriahave elevated levels of the amino acid glutamine. Insect Physiol,41:921～927
Wilkinson T L.1998. The elimination of intracellular microorganisms from insects: an analysis ofantibiotic-treatment in the pea aphid (Acyrthosiphon pisum). Comparative Biochemistry andPhysiology, Part A,119:871～881
Wolters H, Jürgens G.2009. Survival of the flexible: hormonal growth control and adaptation in plantdevelopment. Nat Rev Genet,10:305～317
Wu J Q, Baldwin I T.2009. Herbivory-induced signalling in plants: perception and action. Plant CellEnviron,32:1161～1174
Yang H, Zhao Z G, Qiang W Y, An L Z, Xu S J, Wang X L.2004. Effects of enhanced UV-B radiation onthe hormonal content of vegetative and reproductive tissues of two tomato cultivars and theirrelationships with reproductive characteristics. Plant Growth Regul,43:251～258
Zangerl A R, Berenbaum M R.1987. Furanocoumarins in wild parsnip-effects of photosynthetically activeradiation, ultraviolet-light, and nutrients. Ecology,68:516～520
Zangerl A R, Berenbaum M R.2003. Phenotype matching in wild parsnip and parsnip webworms: causesand consequences. Evolution,57:806～815
Zavala J A, Scopel A L, Ballaré C L.2001. Effects of ambient UV-B radiation on soybean crops: impacton leaf herbivory by Anticarsia gemmatalis. Plant Ecol,156:121～130
Zhu-Salzman K, Zeng R S.2008. Molecular mechanisms of insect adaptation to plant defense: lessonslearned from a bruchid beetle. Insect Sci,15:4777～481l
都二霞,郭建文,赵惠燕.2006.紫外辐射胁迫桃蚜DNA变异.应用生态学报,17(7):1245～1249
胡庆柳,丁振华,谭小华,王红.1998.紫外辐射诱发NIH3T3细胞调亡时DNA断裂的特性.生物化学与生物物理进展,25(1):53～56
胡想顺,赵惠燕, Heimbach Udo.2003.抗性小麦上一些特殊的刺探电位波形图谱(EPG).西北农林科技大学学报,(增刊):22～24.44
胡想顺,刘小凤,赵惠燕.2006.刺探电位图谱(EPG)技术的原理与发展.植物保护,20(3):1～4
胡想顺,赵惠燕,胡祖庆.2007.禾谷缢管蚜在三个小麦品种上取食行为的EPG比较.昆虫学报,50(11):1105～1110
胡祖庆.2007.共生菌对不同体色型麦长管蚜影响的研究,西北农林科技大学硕士毕业论文,陕西:杨凌
胡祖庆,亢菊侠,赵惠燕.2008.麦长管蚜脱巴克纳氏胞内共生菌的分子验证．生态学杂志,27(1):126～129
胡祖庆,赵惠燕,胡想顺,李东鸿.2007.共生菌对麦长管蚜生长发育和繁殖的影响.西北农林科技大学学(自然科学版),35(6):163～166
祭美菊,冯虎元,安黎哲,王勋陵.2002.增强的UVB辐射对植物影响的研究.应用生态学报,13(3):359～364
李军,赵惠燕,赵学达.2005.不同强度紫外线对蚜虫生态学特征及酶活性影响的研究,西北农林科技大学学报,33(4):61～64
李献辉,李保平.2006.蚜虫与体内布赫纳氏菌及其次生共生菌的相互关系.昆虫知识,43(4):443～447
李正西,李定旭.2005.桃蚜自然种群初级和次级内共生菌的分子鉴定.昆虫学报,48(5):810～814
吕仲贤,俞晓平,陈建明,郑许松,徐红星,陶林勇.2001a.共生菌在褐飞虱致害性变化中的作用.昆虫学报,44(2):197～204
吕仲贤,俞晓平,陈建明,郑许松,徐红星.2001b.不同虫源和致害性的褐飞虱体内共生菌的种群动态.华东昆虫学报,10(1):44～49
吕仲贤,俞晓平,陈建明,郑许松,徐红星.2001.共生菌对褐飞虱生长发育和生殖的影响.植物保护学报,28(3):193～197
罗晨,岳梅,徐洪富.2005. EPG技术在昆虫学研究中的应用及进展.昆虫学报,48(3):437～443
张傲,赵惠燕.2009.用生命表方法研究重金属对麦长管蚜生态学参数的影响.西北农林科技大学学报,37(11):131～137
张鹏飞,陈建群,张闲.2001.棉蚜的取食行为和对CMV的获得.昆虫学报,44(4):395～401
赵惠燕,李东鸿,张改生.2002. XZ系列杂种小麦对麦长管蚜抗性机制的研究.西北农林科技大学学报,30(1):73～75
赵惠燕,汪世泽,袁锋.1997.不同温度下转换寄主对桃蚜生态学特征的影响.植物保护学报,24(1):19～24
赵惠燕,汪世泽,张改生.1989.蚜虫体色分化的生态遗传学规律之探讨.西北农业大学学报,17:79～83
赵惠燕,汪世泽.1992.孤雌胎生棉蚜胚胎学观察.昆虫知识,,29(1):19～21
赵惠燕,张改生,汪世泽.1993.棉蚜体色变化的生态遗传学研究.昆虫学报,36(3):282～289
赵惠燕.1992.棉蚜体色变化的生态遗传学研究.西北农业大学硕士学位论文:4～6
赵惠燕.1996.蚜虫体色变化的生态遗传学研究.西北农业大学博士学位论文:16～19
Ajayi O.1986. The effect of barley yellow dwarf virus on the amino acid composition of spring wheat.Ann Appl Biol,108:145～149
Ajayi O, Dewar A M.1983. The effect of barley yellow dwarf virus on field populations of the cerealaphids, Sitobion avenae and Metopolophium dirhodum. Ann Appl Biol,103:1～11
Allen R G., Sohal R S.1982. Life lengthening effects of γ Irradiation on the adult housefly, Muscadomestica. Mech Ageing Dev,20:369～375
Alvarez A E, Garzo E, Verbeek M, Vosman B, Dicke M, Tjallingii W F.2007. Infection of potato plantswith Potato leafroll virus changes attraction and feeding behaviour of Myzus persicae. Entomol ExpAppl,125:135～144
Amarawardana L, Bandara P, Kumar V, Pettersson J, Ninkovic V, Glinwood R.2007. Olfactory responseof Myzus persicae (Homoptera: Aphididae) to volatiles from leek and chive: potential forintercropping with sweet pepper. Acta Agric Scand B,57:87～91
An L G, Liu G X, Zhang M X, Chen T, Liu Y H, Feng H Y, Xu S J, Qiang W Y, Wang X L2004. Effect ofenhanced UV-B radiation on polyamine content and membrane permeability incucumber leaves.Russ J Plant Physiol,51:658～662
Antignus Y, Mor N, Joseph R B, Lapidot M, Cohen S.1996. Ultraviolet-absorbing plastic sheets protectcrops from insect pests and from virus diseases vectored by insects. Environ Entomol,25:919～924
Antignus Y, Ben-Yakir D.2004. Ultraviolet-absorbing barriers, an efficient integrated pest managementtool to protect greenhouses from insects and virus diseases. In: Rami Horowitz, A, Ishaaya I.(Eds.),Insect PestManagement: Field and Protected Crops. Springer New Delhi:319～335
Bacher S, Luder S.2005. Picky predators and the function of the faecal shield of a cassidine larva. FunctEcol,19:263～272
Backus E A.1988. Sensory systems and behaviours which mediate hemipteran plant-feeding—ataxonomic overview. J Insect Physiol,34:151～157
Baldwin I T.1989. Mechanism of damage-induced alkaloid production in wild tobacco. J Chem Ecol,15:1661～1680
Baldwin I T.1999. Inducible nicotine production in native Nicotiana as an example of adaptivephenotypic plasticity. J Chem Ecol,25:3～30
Baldwin I T, Zhang Z P, Diab N, Ohnmeiss T E, McCloud E S, Lynds G Y, Schmelz E A.1997.Quantification, correlations and manipulations of wound-induced changes in jasmonic acid andnicotine in Nicotiana sylvestris. Planta,201:397～404
BallaréCL, Scopel A L, Stapleton A E, Yanovsky M J.1996. Solar ultraviolet-B radiation affects seedlingemergence, DNA integrity, plant morphology, growth rate, and attractiveness to herbivore insects inDatura ferox. Plant Physiol,112:161～170
Barcelo J A.1981.Photoeffects of visible and ultraviolet irradiation on the two-spotted spidermite,Tetranychus urticae. Photochem Photobiol,33:703～70
Barnes P W, Ballaré C L, Caldwell M M.1996. Photomorphogenic effects of UV-B radiation on plants:consequences for light competition. J Plant Physiol,148:15～20
Bartel B.1997. Auxin biosynthesis. Annu Rev Plant Physiol Plant Mol Biol,48:49～64
Bassman J H.2004. Ecosystem consequences of enhanced solar ultraviolet radiation: secondary plantmetabolites as mediators of multiple trophic interactions in terrestrial plant communities. PhotochemPhotobiol,79:382～398
Baumann P, Baumann L, Lai C Y, et al.1995. Genetic, physiology, and evolutionary relationships of thegenus Buchnera: intracellular symbionts of aphids.Ann Rev microbiol,49:55～94
Berenbaum M.1978. Toxicity of a furanocoumarin to armyworms-case of biosynthetic escape from insectherbivores. Science,201:532～534
Bergvinson D, Arnason J, Hamilton R, Tachibana S, Towers G.1994. Putative role of photo-dimerizedphenolic acids in maize resistance to Ostrinia nubilalis (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). Environ Entomol,23:1516～1523
Bernays E A, Driver G C, Bilgener M.1989. Herbivores and plant tannins. Adv Ecol Res,19:263～302
Bj rn L O, Callaghan T V, Johnsen I, Lee J A, Manetas Y, Paul N D, Sonesson M, Wellburn A R, Coop D,Heide-Jorgensen H S, Gehrke C, Gwynn-Jones D, Johanson U, Kyparissis A, Levizou E,Nikolopoulos D, Petropoulou Y, Stephanou M.1997. The effects of UV-B radiation on Europeanheathland species. Plant Ecol,128:252～264
Blackman R L, Eastop, V F,2007. Taxonomic issues. In: van Emden, H F., Harrington, R.(Eds.), Aphidsas Crop Pests. CABI Publishing, Wallingford, pp.1～29
Bracho A M,Martinez-Torres D,moya A et al.1995. Discovery and molecular characterization of aplasmid localized in Buchnera sp. Bacterial endosymbiont of the aphid Rhopalosiphon padi. MolEvol,41:67～73
Buchner P.1965. Endosymbiosis of Animals with plant Microorganisms. New York: John wiley and sons,297～332
Buck N, Callaghan T.1999.The direct and indirect effects of enhanced UV-B on the moth caterpillarEpirrita autumnata. Ecol Bull,47:68～76
Burchard P, Bilger W, Weissenb ck G.2000. Contribution of hydroxycinnamates and flavonoids toepidermal shielding of UV-A and UV-B radiation in developing rye primary leaves as assessed byultraviolet-induced chlorophyll fluorescence measurements. Plant Cell Environ,23:1373～1380
Caasi-Lit M.1998. Effects of ultraviolet-B irradiated rice plants on the growth and development of therice leaffolder, Marasmia patnalis Bradley. Philipp Ent,12:179～193
Caasi-Lit MT.2005. Effects of crude and partially purified extracts from UV-B-irradiated rice leaves onHelicoverpa armigera (Hübner). Photochem Photobio, l81:1101～1106
Caasi-Lit M T, Tanner G J, Nayudu M, Whitecross M I.2007.Isovitexin-20-O-beta-[6-O-E-p-coumaroylglucopyranoside] from UV-B irradiated leaves of rice. Oryza sativa L. inhibitsfertility of Helicoverpa armigera. Photochem Photobiol,83:1167～1173
Caldwell M M.1971.Effects of solar UV radiation on the growth and development of higher plants. In:Giese A C (ed) Photophysiology VI. Vol1. New York: Academic Press:131～177
Caldwell M M, Ballaré C L, Bornman J F, Flint S D, Bj rn L O, Teramura A H, Kulandaivelu G, Tevini M.2003.Terrestrial ecosystems, increased solar ultraviolet radiation and interactions with other climaticchange factors. Photochem Photobiol Sci,2:29～38
Caldwell M M, Robberecht R, Flint S D.1983. Internal filters: prospects for UV-acclimation in higherplants. Physiol Plant,58:445～450
Caputo C, Rutitzky M, Ballaré C L.2006. Solar ultraviolet-B radiation alters the attractiveness ofArabidopsis plants to diamondback moths (Plutella xylostella L.): impacts on oviposition andinvolvement of the jasmonic acid pathway. Oecologia,149:81～90
Castle S J, Berger P H.1993. Rates of growth and increase of Myzus persicae on virus-infected potatoesaccording to type of virus-vector relationship. Entomologia Experimentalis et. Applicata,69:51～60
Castle, S J, Mowry, T M, Berger, P H.1998. Differential settling by Myzus persicae (Homoptera:Aphididae) on various virus infected host plants. Ann. Entomol.Soc. Am,91:661～667
Chapman, R F, Bernays, E A, Simpson, S J.1981. Attraction and repulsion of the aphid, Cavariellaaegopodii, by plant odors. J Chem Ecol,7:881～888
Chen C C, Cheng L L, Kuan C C.1981. Studies on the intracellular yeastlike symbiote in brownplanthopper, Nilaparvata lugens Stal. Histological observations and population changes of thesymbiote. Z Ang Entomol,91:321～327
Cheong Y H, Chang H S, Gupta R,Wang X, Zhu T, Luan S.2002. Transcriptional profiling reveals novelinteractions between wounding, pathogen, abiotic stress, and hormonal responses in Arabidopsis.Plant Physiol,129:661～677
Chi H.1988. Life-table analysis incorporating both sex and variable development rate among individuals.Environ. Entomol,17:26～31
Chi H.2008. TWOSEX-MSChart. http://140.120.197.173/ecology/prod02.htm
Chi H, H Liu.1985. Two new methods for study of insect population ecology. Bull Inst Zool Acad Sinica,24:225～240
Chiel E, Messika Y, Steinberg S, Antignus Y.2006. The effect of UV-absorbing plastic sheet on theattraction and host location ability of three parasitoids: Aphidius colemani, Diglyphus isaea andEretmocerus mundus. Biocontrol,51:65～78
Chyzik R, Dobrinin S, Antignus Y.2003. Effect of a UV-deficient environment on the biology and flightactivity of Myzus persicae and its hymenopterous parasite Aphidius matricariae.Phytoparasitica,31:467～477
Clayton R B.1964. The utilization of sterols by insects. Lipid Res,5:3～19
Compton S G..2002. Sailing with the wind: dispersal by small flying insects. In: Bullock, J M, Kenward,R E, Hails R S.(Eds.), Dispersal Ecology. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge:113～133
Cybulski W J, Peterjohn W T, Sullivan J H.2000. The influence of elevated ultraviolet-B radiation (UV-B)on tissue quality and decomposition of loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) needles. Environ Exp Bot,44:231～241
Dadd R H, Krieger D L.Dietary amino acid requirements of the aphid, Myzus persicae. Insect Physiol,1968:14:741～64
Darby A C, Douglas A E.2003. Elucidation of the transmission patterns of an insect-borne bacterium.Appl Environ Microbiol,69:4403～4407
Diezel C, von Dahl C C, Gaquerel E, Baldwin I T.2009. Different lepidopteran elicitors account forcross-talk in herbivory-induced phytohormone signaling. Plant Physiol,150:1576～1586
Donaldson J R, Gratton C.2007. Antagonistic effects of soybean viruses on soybean aphid performance.Environ Entomol,36:918～925
D ring T F, Kirchner S M, Kuhne S, Saucke H.2004. Response of alate aphids to green targets oncoloured backgrounds. Entomol Exp Appl,113:53～61
Doughty K J, Kiddle G A, Pye B J, Wallsgrove R M, Picket J A.1995. Selective induction ofglucosinolates in oilseed rape leaves by methyl jasmonate. Phytochemistry,38:347～350
Douglas A E.1989. Mycetocyte symbiosis in insects. Biol Rev,69:409～34
Douglas A E.1988. Sulphate utilization in an aphid symbiosis.Insect Biochem,18:599～605
Douglas A E.1993. The nutritional quality of phloem sap utilized by natural aphid populations. EcolEntomol,18:31～38
Douglas A E,Minto L B,Wilkinson T L.2001. Quantifying nutrient production by the microbial symbiontsin an aphid. Exp Biol,204:349～358
Douglas A E.1998. Nutritional interactions in insect-microbial symbioses: aphids and their symbioticbacteria Buchnera. Ann Rev Entomol,43:17～37
Douglas A E.1996. Reproductive failure and the free amino acid pools in pea aphids (Acyrthosiphonpisum) lacking symbiotic bacteria. Journal Insect of Physiology,42:247～255
Douglas A E.1992. Requirement of pea aphids(Acyrthosiphon pisum) for their symbiotic bacteria.Entomol Exp Appl,65:195～98
Dunbar H E, Wilson A C C, Ferguson N R, et al.2007. Aphid thermal tolerance is governed by a pointmutation in bacterial symbionts. PlosBiology,5(5):1006～1015
Eastop V F.1983. The biology of the principal aphid virus vectors. In: Plumb, R.T., Thresh, J.M.(Eds.),Plant Virus Epidemiology. Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford:115～132.
Eigenbrode S D.2004. The effects of plant epicuticular waxy blooms on attachment and effectiveness ofpredatory insects. Arthropod Struct Dev,33:91～102
Eigenbrode S D, Ding H J, Shiel P, Berger PH.2002. Volatiles from potato plants infected with potatoleafroll virus attract and arrest the virus vector, Myzus persicae (Homoptera: Aphididae). Proc R SocLond B,269:455～460
Fan S G, Wu G H.2005. Characteristics of plant proteinase inhibitors and their applications in combatingphytophagous insects. Bot Bul Acad Sin,46:273～292
Farmer E E, Ryan C A.1992. Octadecanoid precursors of jasmonic acid activate the synthesis ofwound-inducible proteinase-inhibitors. Plant Cell,4:129～134
Favory J J, Stec A, Gruber H, Rizzini L, Oravecz A, Funk M, Albert A, Cloix C, Jenkins G I, Oakeley E J,Seidlitz H K, Nagy F, Ulm R.2009. Interaction of COP1and UVR8regulates UV-B-inducedphotomorphogenesis and stress acclimation in Arabidopsis. EMBO J,28:591～601
Fereres A, Kampmeier G E, Irwin M E.1999. Aphid attraction and preference for soybean and pepperplants infected with Potyviridae. Ann Entomol Soc Am,92:542～548
Fereres A, Lister. R M, Araya J E, Foster J E.1989. Development and reproduction of the English grainaphid (Homoptera, Aphididae) on wheat cultivars infected with Barley yellow dwarf virus. EnvironEntomol,18:388～393
Foggo A, Higgins S, Wargent J J, Coleman R A.2007. Tri-trophic consequences of UV-B exposure: plants,herbivores and parasitoids. Oecologia,154:505～512
Forbes A R.1969. The stylets of the green peach aphid, Myzus persicae (Homoptera: Aphididae). CanEntomol,101:31～41
Fredenhagen P, Kenny P, Ktta H.1987. Role of intracellular symbiotes in planthoppers. In: Pesticidescience and biotechnology:6th IUPAC congress of pesticide chemistry (Eds. Greenhalgn R andRoberes T R) Blackwell Scientific Publ, London:101～108
Fukatsu T, Nikoh N, Kawai R.2000. The secondary endosymbiotic bacterium of the pea aphidAcyrthosiphon pisum (Insecta:Homoptera). Appl Environ Microbiol,66(7):2748～2758
Gibson R W, Rice A D, Pickett J A, Smith M C, Sawicki R M.1982. The effects of the repellentsdodecanoic acid and polygodial on the acquisition of non-persistent, semi-persistent and persistentplant-viruses by the aphid Myzus persicae. Ann Appl Biol,100:55～59
Gildow F E.1980. Increased production of alate by aphids (Hemiptera, Aphididae) reared on oats infectedwith Barley yellow dwarf virus. Ann Entomol Soc Am,73:343～347
Gildow F E.1983. Influence of barley yellow dwarf virus-infected oats and barley on morphology ofaphid vectors. Phytopathology,73:1196～1199
Gildow F E, Gray S M.1993. The aphid salivary gland basal lamina as a selective barrier associated withvector-specific transmission of barley yellow dwarf luteovirus. Phytopathology,83:1293～1302
Gonzáles W L, Ramírez C C, Olea N, Niemeyer H M.2002. Host plant changes produced by the aphidSipha flava: consequences for aphid feeding behavior and growth. Entomologia Experimentalis etApplicata,103:107～113
Grammatikopoulos G, Kyparissis A, Drilias P, Petropoulou Y, Manetas Y.1998. Effects of UV-B radiationon cuticle thickness and nutritional value of leaves in two mediterranean evergreen sclerophylls. JPlant Physiol,153:506～512
Grant-Petersson J, Renwick J A A.1996. Effects of ultraviolet-B exposure of Arabidopsis thaliana onherbivory by two crucifer-feeding insects (Lepidoptera). Environ Entomol,25:135～142
Grifiths G W, Beck S D.1974. Efects of antibiotics on intracellular symbiotes in the pea aphidAcyrthosiphon pisum. Cell Tissue Res,48:287～300
Griftths G W, Beck S D.1973. Intracellular symbiotes of the pea aphid, Acyrthosiphom pisum. InsectPhysiol,19:75～84
Gwynn-Jones D.1999. Enhanced UV-B radiation and herbivory. Ecol Bull,47:77～83
Hagerman A E, Butler L G.1991. Tannins and lignins. In: Rosenthal GA, Berenbaum MR (eds)Herbivores: their interactions with secondary plant metabolites, the chemical participants. Vol1. SanDiego: Academic Press:355～388
Hara E, Ishikawa H.1990. Purification and partial characterization of symbionin, an aphid endosymbiontspecific protein. Insect Biochem,20:421～27
Harborne J B, Williams C A.2000. Advances in flavonoid research since1992. Phytochemistry,55:481～504
Hardie J, Leckstein P.2007. Antibiotics, primary symbionts and wing polyphenism in three aphid species.Insect Biochem Molec,37:886～890
Harrewijn P, Kayser H, Pymetrozine.1997. A fast-acting and selective inhibitor of aphid feeding. In-situstudies with electronic monitoring of feeding behaviour. Pestic Sci,49(2):130～1401
Hashiba T, Misawa T.1969. Studies on the mechanism of aphid transmission of stylet-borne virus. III. Onthe adherence of the virus to the stylet. J Agric Res,20:159～171
Hatcher P E, Paul N D.1994. The effect of elevated UV-B radiation on herbivory of pea by Autographagamma. Entomol Exp Appl,71:227～233
Heie O E.1980. The Aphidoedea of Fennoscandia and Denmark. I: Introduction and the familiesMindarideae, Hormaphididae,Thelaxidae,Anoeciidae, and Pemphigidae. Fauna Entomol Scand,9:1～236
Herms D A, Mattson W J.1992. The dilemma of plants: to grow or defend. Q Rev Biol,67:283～335
Hinde R.1971.The control of the mycetome symbiotes of the aphids Brevicoryne brassicae, Myzuspersicae and Macrosiphum rosae. Insect Physiol,17:1791～1800
Holmes M G.1997. Action spectra for UV-B effects on plants: monochromatic approaches for analyzingplant responses. In: Lumsden PJ (eds) Plants and UV-B: responses to environmental change. Vol.1.Cambridge: Society for Experimental Biology, Seminar Series64. Cambridge University Press:31～50
Houk E J,Griffiths G W.1980. Intracellular symbiotes of the Homoptera. Annu Rev Entomol,25:161～87
Huang S B, Dai Q J, Peng S B, Chavez A Q, Miranda L L, Visperas R M, Vergara B S.1997. Influence ofsupplemental ultraviolet-B on indoleacetic acid and calmodulin in the leaves of rice (Oryza sativa L).Plant Growth Regul,21:59～64
Izaguirre M M, Scopel A L, Baldwin I T, Ballaré C L.2003. Convergent responses to stress. Solarultraviolet-B radiation and Manduca sexta herbivory elicit overlapping transcriptional responses infield-grown plants of Nicotiana longiflora. Plant Physiol,132:1755～1767
Jansen M A K.2002. Ultraviolet-B radiation effects on plants: induction of morphogenic responses.Physiol Plant,116:423～429
Jansen M A K, Elfstrand M, Heggie L, Sitbon F, Dix P J, Thorneley R N F.2004. Over-expression ofphenol-oxidising peroxidases alters the UV-susceptibility of transgenic Nicotiana tabacum. NewPhytol,163:585～594
Jansen M A K, Gaba V, Greenberg B M.1998. Higher plants and UV-B radiation: balancing damage,repair and acclimation. Trends Plant Sci,3:131～135
Jansen M A K, Hectors K, Brien N M, Guisez Y, Potters G.2008. Plant stress and human health: do humanconsumers benefit from UV-B acclimated crops. Plant Sci,175:449～458
Jansen M A K, Le Martret B, Koornneef M.2010. Variations in constitutive and inducible UV-B tolerance;dissecting photosystem II protection in Arabidopsis thaliana accessions. Physiol Plant,138:22～34
Jansen M A K, van den Noort R E, Tan M Y A, Prinsen E, Lagrimini L M, Thorneley R N F.2001.Phenol-oxidizing peroxidases contribute to the protection of plants from ultraviolet radiation stress.Plant Physiol,126:1012～1023
Jenkins G I, Brown B A.2007. UV-B perception and signal transduction. In: Whitelam G C, Halliday K J(eds) Light and plant development. Vol30. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing:155～182
Jiang Y X, De Blas C, Barrios L, Fereres A.2000. Correlation between whitefly (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae)feeding behavior and transmission of tomato yellow leaf curl virus. Ann Entomol Soc Am,93:573～579
Jimenez-Martinez E S, Bosque-Perez N A, Berger P H, Zemetra R, Ding H J, Eigenbrode S D.2004.Volatile cues influence the response of Rhopalosiphum padi (Homoptera: Aphididae) to barleyyellow dwarf virus-infected transgenic and untransformed wheat. Environ Entomol,33:1207～1216
Johnson D D, Walker G P, Creamer R.2002. Stylet penetration behavior resulting in inoculation of asemipersistently transmitted closterovirus by the whitefly Bemisia argentifolii. Entomol Exp Appl,102:115～123
Jones D R.2003. Plant viruses transmitted by whiteflies. Eur J Plant Pathol,109:195～219
Kakani V G, Reddy K R, Zhao D, Sailaja K.2003. Field crop responses to ultraviolet-B radiation: a review.Agric For Meteorol,120:191～218
Kaloshian I, M G Kinsey, V M Williamson,D E Ullman.2000. Mi-mediated resistance against the potatoaphid Macrosiphum euphorbiae (Hemiptera: Aphididae) limits sieve element ingestion. EnvironEntomol,29:690～695
Kennedy J S.1951. Benefits to aphids from feeding on galled and virus-infected leaves. Nature,168:825～826
Kennedy J S, Booth C O, Kershaw W J S.1961. Host finding by aphids in the field. III. Visual attraction.Ann Appl Biol,49:1～21
Kennedy J S, Booth C O, Kershaw W J S.1959. Host finding by aphids in the field. II. Aphis fabae Scop.(Gynoparae) and Brevicoryne brassicae L with a reappraisal of the role of host finding behaviour invirus spread. Ann Appl Biol,47:424～444
Kessler A, Baldwin I T.2002. Plant responses to insect herbivory: the emerging molecular analysis. AnnuRev Plant Biol,53:299～328
Kieckhefer R W, Stoner W N, Thysell J R.1976. Preferences of flight-active Barley yellow dwarf virusvectors for healthy or diseased leaves. Plant Dis Rep,60:939～941
Kimmins F M, Bosque-Perez N A.1996. Electrical penetration graphs from Cicadulina spp. and theinoculation of a persistent virus into maize. Entomol Exp Appl,80:46～49
Kirchner S M, Doering T F, Saucke H.2005. Evidence for trichromacy in the green peach aphid, Myzuspersicae (Sulz.)(Hemiptera: Aphididae). J. Insect Physiol,51:1255～1260
Klingauf F A.1987a. In:Minks A K,Harrewijn P (Eds.), Aphids: their biology,natural enemies andcontrol.Vol.2A.Elsevier Amsterdam:244～246
Klingauf F A.1987b. Host plant finding and acceptance. In: Minks, A.K., Harrewijn, P.(Eds.), Aphidstheir Biology, Natural Enemies, and Control.Vol.2A. Elsevier, Amsterdam:209～223
Kring J B.1972. Flight behaviour of aphids. Annu Rev Entomol,17:461～492
Krizek D T.2004. Influence of PAR and UV-A in determining plant sensitivity and photomorphogenicresponses to UV-B radiation. Photochem Photobiol,79:307～315
Kuhlmann F, Müller C.2009a. Development-dependent effects of UV radiation exposure on broccoliplants and interactions with herbivorous insects. Environ Exp Bot,66:61～68
Kuhlmann F,Müller C.2009b. Independent responses to ultraviolet radiation and herbivore attack inbroccoli. J Exp Bot,60:3467～3475
Kuhlmann F, Müller C.2010. UV-B impact on aphid performance mediated by plant quality and plantchanges induced by aphids. Plant Biol,12:676～684
Lütz C, Navakoudis E, Seidlitz H K, Kotzabasis K.2005. Simulated solar irradiation with enhanced UV-Badjust plastid-and thylakoid-associated polyamine changes for UV-B protection. Biochim BiophysActa Bioenerg,1710:24～33
Lai C Y, Baumann L, Baumann P.1994. Amplification of trpEG, adaptation of Buchndera aphidicola to anendosymbiotic association with aphids.Proc Natl Acad Sci USA,91:3819～23
Landry L G, Chapple C C S, Last R L.1995. Arabidopsis mutants lacking phenolic sunscreens exhibitenhanced ultraviolet-B injury and oxidative damage. Plant Physiol,109:1159～1166
Lanham U N.1968. The Blochmann bodies: hereditary intracellular symbionts of' insects. Biol RevCambridge Philos Soc,43:269～86
Lavola A, Julkunen-Tiitto R, Roininen H, Aphalo P.1998. Host-plant preference of an insect herbivoremediated by UV-B and CO2in relation to plant secondary metabolites. Biochem Syst Ecol,26:1～12
LeeY H, Hou R F.1987. Physiological roles of a yeast-like symbiote in reproduction and embryonicdevelopment of the brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens Stal. Insect Physiol,33:851～860
Lei H, J C van Lenteren, W F Tjallingii.1999. Analysis of resistance in tomato and sweet pepper againstthe greenhouse whitefly using electrically monitored and visually observed probing and feedingbehavior. Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata,92:299～309
Lindroth R L, Hofman R W, Campbell B D, McNabb W C, Hunt D Y.2000. Population differences inTrifolium repens L. response to ultraviolet-B radiation: foliar chemistry and consequences for twolepidopteran herbivores. Oecologia,122:20～28
Lombaert E, Boll R, Lapchin L.2006. Dispersal strategies of phytophagous insects at a local scale:adaptive potential of aphids in an agricultural environment. BMC Evol Biol,6:75
Müller C.2006. Plant-insect interactions on cuticular surfaces. In: Riederer M, Müller C (eds) Biology ofthe plant cuticle. Vol1. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing:398～422
Müller C.2008. Resistance at the plant cuticle. In: Schaller A (ed) Induced plant resistance to herbivory.Vol.1. Berlin: Springer:107～129
Müller C, Riederer M.2005. Plant surface properties in chemical ecology. J Chem Ecol,31:2621～2651
Macias W, Mink GnI.1969. Preference of green peach aphids for virus-infected sugarbeet leaves. J EconEntomol,62:28～29
Mackerness S A H.2000. Plant responses to ultraviolet-B (UV-B:280-320nm) stress: what are the keyregulators. Plant Growth Regul,32:27～39
Mackerness S A H, Surplus S L, Blake P, John C F, Buchanan-Wollaston V, Jordan B R, Thomas B.1999.Ultraviolet-B-induced stress and changes in gene expression in Arabidopsis thaliana: role ofsignalling pathways controlled by jasmonic acid, ethylene and reactive oxygen species. Plant CellEnviron,22:1413～1423
Madronich S, McKenzie R L, Bj rn L O, Caldwell M M.1998. Changes in biologically active ultravioletradiation reaching the Earth’s surface. J Photochem Photobiol B,46:5～19
Mahdavian K, Ghorbanli M, Kalantari K M.2008. Role of salicylic acid in regulating ultravioletradiation-induced oxidative stress in pepper leaves. Russ J Plant Physiol,55:560～563
Marion J L.1964. The effects of irradiation on the longevity of female Drosophila subobscura. J InsectPhysiol,10:487～497
Markkula M&S Laurema.1964. Changes in concentration of free amino acids in plants induced by virusdiseases and the reproduction of aphids. Ann Agric Fenn,3:265～271
Martín B, Collar J L, Tjallingii W F, Fereres A.1997. Intracellular ingestion and salivation by aphids maycause the acquisition and inoculation of nonpersistently transmitted plant viruses. J Gen Virol,78:2701～2705
Mazza C A, Izaguirre M M, Zavala J, Scopel A L, Ballaré CL.2002. Insect perception of ambientultraviolet-B radiation. Ecol Lett,5:722～726
Mazza C A, Zavala J, Scopel A L, Ballaré C L.1999. Perception of solar UV-B radiation by phytophagousinsects: behavioral responses and ecosystem implications. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA,96:980～985
McCloud E S, Berenbaum M.1994. Stratospheric ozone depletion and plant-insect interactions: effects ofUVB radiation on foliage quality of Citrus jambhiri for Trichoplusia ni. J Chem Ecol,20:525～539
McCloud E S, Berenbaum M.1999. Effects of enhanced UV-B radiation on a weedy forb (Plantagolanceolata) and its interactions with a generalist and specialist herbivore. Entomol Exp Appl,93:233～246
McConn M, Creelman R A, Bell E, Mullet J E, Browse J.1997. Jasmonate is essential for insect defenseArabidopsis. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA,94:5473～5477
McKenzie R L, Bj rn L O, Bais A, Ilyas M.2003. Changes in biologically active ultraviolet radiationreaching the Earth’s surface. Photochem Photobiol Sci,2:354～354
Mclean D L, Kinsey M G.1964. A technique for electronically recording of aphid feeding and salivation.Nature,202:1358～1359
Miller J W, Coon B F.1964. Effect of barley yellow dwarf virus on biology of its vector English grainaphid Macrosiphum granarium. J Econ Entomol,57:970～974
Minks A K,Harrewijn P.1987,1988,1989. Aphids:Their Biology,Natural Enemies,and control. Vols2A,2B,2C.
Mira A, Moran N A.2002. Estimating population size and transmission bottlenecks in maternallytransmitted eEndosymbiotic Bacteria.Microb Ecol, Jun28
Mirecki R M, Teramura A H.1984. Effects of ultraviolet-B irradiance on soybean V: The dependence ofplant-sensitivity on the photosynthetic photon flux-density during and after leaf expansion. PlantPhysiol,74:475～480
Mitchell P L.2004. Heteroptera as vectors of plant pathogens. Neotropical Entomol.33:519～545.
Montllor C B, Maxmem A, Purcell A H.2002. Facultative bacterial endosymbionts benefit pea aphidsAcyrthosiphon pisumunder heat stress. Ecol Entomol,27:189～195
Montllor C B, Gildow F E.1986. Feeding responses of two grain aphids to Barley yellow dwarfvirus-infected oats. Entomol Exp Appl,42:63～69
Morris J G. Nutrition.1991. In environmental and metabolic animal physiology. New York: John Wiley&Sons:231～276
Munson M A, Baumann P, Kinsey M G.1991b. Buchnera gen.nov.and Buchnera aphidicola sp.nov, ataxon consisting of the mycetocyte-associated, primary endosymbionts of aphids.Syst Bacteriol,41:566～568
Munson M A,Baumann P, Clark M A, Baumann L, Moran N A.1991a. Evidence for the establishment ofaphid ubacterium endosymbiosis in an ancestor of four aphid families. Bacteriol,173:6321～6324
Munson M A,Baumann P.1993. Molecular cloning and cloning and nucleotide sequence of a putativetrpDC(F)BA operon in Buchnera aphidicola (endosymbiont of the aphid Schizaphis graminum).Journal of Bacteriol,175:6426～32
Nault L R.1997. Arthropod transmission of plant viruses: a new synthesis. Ann Entomol Soc Am,90:521～541
Nault L R, Ammar E D.1989. Leafhopper and planthopper transmission of plant viruses. Ann RevEntomol,34:503～529
Navrot N, Rouhier N, Gelhaye E, Jacquot J P.2007. Reactive oxygen species generation and antioxidantsystems in plant mitochondria. Physiol Plant,129:185～195
Nebreda M, Moreno A, Pérez N, Palacios I, Seco-Fernández V, Fereres A.2004. Activity of aphidsassociated with lettuce and broccoli in Spain and their efficiency as vectors of Lettuce mosaic virus.Virus Res,100:83～88
Newsham K, McLeod A R, Greenslade P, Emmett B.1996. Appropriate controls in outdoor UV-Bsupplementation experiments. Glob Chang Biol,2:319～324
Ngumbi E, Eigenbrode S D, Bosque-Perez N A, Ding H, Rodriguez A.2007. Myzus persicae is arrestedmore by blends than by individual compounds elevated in headspace of PLRV-infected potato. JChem Ecol,33:1733～1747
Normanly J, Bartel B.1999. Redundancy as a way of life-IAA metabolism. Curr Opin Plant Biol,2:207～213
Nottingham S F, Hardie J.1993. Flight behaviour of the black bean aphid, Aphis fabae, and the cabbageaphids, Brevicoryne brassicae, in host and nonhost plant odor. Physiol Entomol.18:389～394
Nottingham S F, Hardie J, Dawson G W, Hick A J, Pickett J A, Wadhams L J, Woodcock C M.1991.Behavioral and electrophysiological responses of aphids to host and nonhost plant volatiles. J ChemEcol,17:1231～1242
Ohtsuka K, Osakabe M.2009. Deleterious effects of UV-B radiation on herbivorous spider mites: they canavoid it by remaining on lower leaf surfaces. Environ Entomol,38:920～929
Oliver K M, Moran N A, Hunter M S.2005. Variation in resistance to parasitism in aphids is due tosymbionts not host genotype. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA,102:12795～12800
Olsson L C, Veit M, Weissenb ck G, Bornman J F.1998. Differential flavonoid response to enhancedUV-B radiation in Brassica napus. Phytochemistry,49:1021～1028
Park K C, Hardie J.2004. Electrophysiological characterization of olfactory sensilla in the black beanaphid, Aphis fabae. J. Insect Physiol,50:647～655
Paul N D, Gwynn-Jones D.2003. Ecological roles of solar UV radiation: towards an integrated approach.Trends Ecol Evol,18:48～55
Peer W A, Murphy A S.2007. Flavonoids and auxin transport: modulators or regulators? Trends Plant Sci,12:556～563
Pennacchio F, Fanti P, Falabella P.1999. Development and nutrition of the braconid wasp, Aphidius erviin aposymbiotic host aphids.Archives of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology,40:53～69.
Pettersson J.1973. Olfactory reactions of Brevycorine brassicae (L.)(Hom.: Aph.). Sweedish J Agric Res,3:95～103
Pirone T P, Harris K F.1977. Nonpersistent transmission of plant viruses by aphids. Annu RevPhytopathol,15:55～73
Piubelli G C, Hoffmann-Campo C B, De Arruda I C, Franchini J C, Lara F M.2003. Flavonoid increase insoybean as a response to Nezara viridula injury and its effect on insect-feeding preference. J ChemEcol,29:1223～1233
Ponder K L, Pritchard J, Harrington R.2000. Difficulties in location and acceptance of phloem sapcombined with reduced concentration of phloem amino acids explain lowered performance of theaphid on nitrogen deficient barley (Hordeum vulgare) seedlings. Entomol Exp Appl,97(2):203～210
Pourcel L, Routaboul J M, Cheynier V, Lepiniec L, Debeaujon I.2007. Flavonoid oxidation in plants:from biochemical properties to physiological functions. Trends Plant Sci,12:29～36
Powell G, Hardie J.2002. Xylem ingestion by winged aphids. Entomol Exp Appl,104(1):103～108.
Powell G, Tosh C R, Hardie J.2006. Host plant selection by aphids: behavioral, evolutionary, and appliedperspectives. Annu Rev Entomol,51:309～330
Powell G.1991. Cell membrance punctures during epidermal penetrations by aphids: consequences for thetransmission of two potyviruses. Ann Appl Biol,119:313～321
Powell G., Tosh C R, Hardie J.2006. Host plant selection by aphids: behavioral, evolutionary, and appliedperspectives. Ann Rev Entomol,51:309～330
Power A G.1996. Competition between viruses in a complex plant-pathogen. Ecology,77:1004～1010.
Prado E, Tjallingii W F.1997. Effects of previous plant infestation on sieve element acceptance by twoaphids. Entomol Exp Appl,82:189～200
Prado E, Tjallingii WF.1994. Aphid activities during sieve element punctures. Entomol. Exp Appl,72:157～165
Predieri S, Norman H A, Krizek D T, Pillai P, Mirecki R M, Zimmerman R H.1995. Influence of UV-Bradiation on membrane lipid-composition and ethylene evolution in ‘doyenned hiver’ pear shootsgrown in-vitro under different photosynthetic photon fluxes. Environ Exp Bot,35:151～160
Prosser W A,Douglas A E.1992. A test of the hypotheses that nitrogen is upgraded and recycled in anaphid (Acyrthosiphon pisum) symbiosis. Insect Physiol,38:93～99
Quiroz C R, M Lister J E. Araya&J E Foster.1991. Effects of symptom variants derived from theNY-MAV isolate of barley yellow dwarf virus on the life cycle of the English grain aphid(Homoptera: Aphididae) and on yield components in wheat and oats. J Econ Entomol,84:1920～1925
Rahbe Y, Delobel B, Febvay G, et al.1994. Aphid-specific triglycerides in symbiotic and aposymbioticAcyrthosiphon pisum.Insect Bioche Mol Biol,24:95～101
Rakitin V Y, Prudnikova O N, Karyagin V V, Rakitina T Y, Vlasov P V, Borisova T A, Novikova G V,Moshkov I E.2008. Ethylene evolution and ABA and polyamine contents in Arabidopsis thalianaduring UV-B stress. Russ J Plant Physiol,55:321～327
Ramírez C C, Caballero P P, Niemeyer H M.2003. Effect of previous exposure to hydroxamic acids inprobing behavior of aphid Sitobion fragariae on wheat seedlings. J Chem Ecol,25(4):771～779
Raviv M, Antignus Y.2004. Invited Review: UV radiation effects on pathogens and insect pests ofgreenhouse-grown crops. Photochem Photobiol,79:219～226
Reifenrath K, Müller C.2007. Species-specific and leaf-age dependent effects of ultraviolet radiation ontwo Brassicaceae. Phytochemistry,68:875～885
Reifenrath K, Müller C.2008. Multiple feeding stimulants in Sinapis alba for the oligophagous leaf beetlePhaedon cochleariae. Chemoecology,18:19～27
Reifenrath K, Müller C.2009. Larval performance of the mustard leaf beetle (Phaedon cochleariae,Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae) on white mustard (Sinapis alba) and watercress (Nasturtium officinale)leaves in dependence of plant exposure to ultraviolet radiation. Environ Pollut,157:2053～2060
Reitz S R, Trumble J T.1996. Tritrophic interactions among linear furanocoumarins, the herbivoreTrichoplusia ni (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), and the polyembryonic parasitoid Copidosoma floridanum(Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae). Environ Entomol,25:1391～1397
Reitz S R, Trumble J T.1997. Effects of linear furanocoumarins on the herbivore Spodoptera exigua andthe parasitoid Archytas marmoratus: host quality and parasitoid success. Entomol Exp Appl,84:9～16
Remaudiere G, Remaudiere M.1997. Catalogue des Aphide du monde. Catalogue of the world’sAphididae. Homoptera: Aphidioidea. INRA Editions, Versalles. Richards O W, Davies R G.1977Imms’s General Textbook of Entomology, vols.1～2.,10th ed. Chapman&Hall, New York.
Renobles M, Cripps C, Stanley S D W.1987. Biosynthesis of linoleic acid in insects.Trends Biochem.Sci,12:364～366
Renobles M,Ryan R O,Heisler C R.1986. Linoleic acid biosynthesis in the pea aphid, Acyrthosiphonpisum (Harris). Arch. Insect Biochem Physiol,3:193～203
Renwick J A A, Zhang W Q, Haribal M, Attygalle A B, Lopez K D.2001. Dual chemical barriers protect aplant against different larval stages of an insect. J Chem Ecol,27:1575～1583
Riederer M, Müller C.2006. Biology of the plant cuticle. Annual reviews of plant biology. BlackwellPublishing, Oxford
Robert Y.1987. Aphids and their environment. In: Minks A K, Harrewijn P (Eds.). Aphids their Biology,Natural Enemies and Control. Vol.2A. Elsevier Amsterdam:299～313
Rousseaux M C, Ballaré C L, Scopel A L, Searles P S, Caldwell M M.1998. Solar ultraviolet-B radiationaffects plant-insect interactions in a natural ecosystem of Tierra del Fuego (southern Argentina).Oecologia,116:528～535
Ryan C A.1990. Protease inhibitors in plants-genes for improving defenses against insects and pathogens.Annu Rev Phytopathol,28:425～449
Ryan C A.2000. The systemin signaling pathway: differential activation of plant defensive genes.Biochim Biophys Acta-Protein Struct Mol Enzymol,1477:112～121
Sacher G A.1963. Effects of X-Rays on the Survival of Drosophila imagoes. Physiol Zool,36:295～311
Salt D T, Moody S A, Whittaker J B, Paul N D.1998. Effects of enhanced UVB on populations of thephloem feeding insect Strophingia ericae (Homoptera: Psylloidea) on heather (Calluna vulgaris).Glob Chang Biol,4:91～96
Sandstr m J, Telang A, Moran N A.2000. Nutritional enhancement of host plants by aphids-a comparisonof three aphid species on grasses. J Insect Physiol,46:33～40
Sangtarash M H, Qaderi M M, Chinnappa C C, Reid D M.2009. Differential sensitivity of canola(Brassica napus) seedlings to ultraviolet-B radiation, water stress and abscisic acid. Environ Exp Bot,66:212～219
Sasaki T, Ishikawa H.1993. Nitrogen recycling in the endosymbiotic system of the pea aphid,Acyrthosiphon pisum. Zool Sci,10:779～785
Sasaki T, Ishikawa H.1995. Production of essential amino acids from glutamate by mycetocyte symbiontsof the pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum. Insect Physiol,41(1):41～46
Sasaki T, Kawamura M, Ishikawa H.199. Nitrogen recycling in brown planthopper Nilaparvata lugens:in volvement of yeast like endosymbionts in uric acid metabolism. Insect Physiol,6,42(2):125～129
Sasaki T. Aoki T. Hayashi H, et al.1990. Amino acid composition of the honeydew of symbiotic andaposymbiotic pea aphids Acyrthosiphon pisum. Insect Physiol,36:35～40
Sauge M H, Lacroze J P, Po ssel J L, Pascal T, Kervella J.2002. Induced resistance by Myzus persicae inthe peach cultivar ‘Rubira’. Entomol Exp Appl,102:29～37
Sauge M H, J Kervella, Y Rahbé.1998. Probing behavior of the green peach aphid Myzus persicae onresistant prunnus genotypes. Entomol Exp Appl,89:223～232
Schanz F.1920. Versuche über die wirkung ultravioletter strahlen des tageslichtes auf die vegetation.Pfluger’s Arch gesamte Physiol Mensch Tiere,181:229～284
Schmelz E A, Engelberth J, Alborn H T, O’Donnell P, Sammons M, Toshima H, Tumlinson J H.2003.Simultaneous analysis of phytohormones, phytotoxins, and volatile organic compounds in plants.Proc Natl Acad Sci USA,100:10552～10557
Schmitz-Hoerner R, Weissenb ck G.2003. Contribution of phenolic compounds to the UV-B screeningcapacity of developing barley primary leaves in relation to DNA damage and repair under elevatedUV-B levels. Phytochemistry,64:243～255
Schroeder D, Deppisch H, Obermayer M, Krohne G, Stachbrandt E.1996. Intracellular endosymbioticbacteria of Camponotus species (carpenter ants):systematic,evolution and ultrastructuralcharacterization.Mol.Microbiol,21:479～489.
Schwennler W.1974. Studies on the fine structure of leafhopper intracellular symbionts during theirreproductive cycles (Hemiptera:Deltocephalidae). Appl Entomol Zool,9:215～224
Seckmeyer G, Payer H D.1993. A new sunlight simulator for ecological research on plants. J PhotochemPhotobiol B-Biol,21:175～181
Selman I W, M R Brierly, G F Pegg, Hill T A.1961.Changes in the free amino acids and amides in tomatoplants inoculated with tomato spotted wilt virus. Ann Appl Biol,49:601～633
Shigenobu S, Watanabe H, Hattori M.2000. Genome sequence of the endocellular bacterial symbiont ofaphids Buchnera sp. APS. Nature,407:81～86
Sisterson M S.2008. Effects of insect-vector preference for healthy or infected plants on pathogen spread:insights from a model. J Econ Entomol,101:1～8
Slesak E, Slesak M, Gabrys B.2001. Effect of methyl jasmonate on hydroxamic acid content, proteaseactivity, and bird cherry-oat aphid Rhopalosiphum padi (L.) probing behavior. J Chem Ecol,27(12):2529～2543
Soler T, Latorre A, Sabater B, Silva F J.2000. Molecular characterization of the leucine plasmid fromBuchnera aphidicola, primary endosymbiont of the aphid Acyrthosiphon pisum. Curr Microbiol,40(4):264～8
Srinivasan R, Alvarez J M.2007. Effect of mixed viral infections (Potato virus Y-Potato leafroll virus) onbiology and preference of vectors Myzus persicae and Macrosiphum euphorbiae (Hemiptera:Aphididae). J Econ Entomol,100:646～655
Steinmüller D, Tevini M.1985. Action of ultraviolet radiation (UV-B) upon cuticular waxes in some cropplants. Planta,164:557～564
Stevenson P C, Muyinza H, Hall D R, Porter E A, Farman D I, Talwana H, Mwanga R O M.2009.Chemical basis for resistance in sweetpotato Ipomoea batatas to the sweetpotato weevil Cylaspuncticollis. Pure Appl Chem,81:141～151
Stratmann J W, Stelmach B A, Weller E W, Ryan C A.2000. UVB/UVA radiation activates a48kD amyelin basic protein kinase and potentiates wound signaling in tomato leaves. PhotochemPhotobiol,71:116～123
Summers C G, Newton A S, Estrada D.1996. Intraplant and interplant movement of Bemisia argentifolii(Homoptera: Aleyrodidae) crawlers. Environ Entomol,25:1360～1364
Surplus S L, Jordan B R, Murphy A M, Carr J P, Thomas B, Mackerness S A H.1998UltravioletB-induced responses in Arabidopsis thaliana: role of salicylic acid and reactive oxygenspecies in the regulation of transcripts encoding photosynthetic and acidic pathogenesis-relatedproteins. Plant Cell Environ,21:685～694
Svoboda J A,Thompson M J.1985. In comprehensive insect physiology biochemistry and pharmacology(Ed. By Kerkut G A and Gilbert L I). Vol10. Oxford: Pergamon Press:137～177
Sylvester E S.1956. Beet yellows virus transmission by the Green peach aphid. J Econ Entomol,49:789～800
Sylvester E S.1973. Reduction of excretion, reproduction, and survival in Hyperomyzus lactucae fed onplants infected with isolates of sow thistle yellow vein virus. Virology,56:632～635
Tegelberg R, Julkunen-Tiitto R.2001. Quantitative changes in secondary metabolites of darkleavedwillow (Salix myrsinifolia) exposed to enhanced ultraviolet-B radiation. Physiol Plant,113:541～547
Tevini M, Steinmüller D.1987. Influence of light, UV-B radiation, and herbicides on wax biosynthesis ofcucumber seedlings. J Plant Physiol,131:111～121
Textor S, Gershenzon J.2009. Herbivore induction of the glucosinolates-myrosinase defense system:major trends, biochemical basis and ecological significance. Phytochem Rev,8:149～170
Thieme T, Heimbach U.1996. Development and reproductive of cereal aphids (Homoptera:Aphididae) onwinter wheat cultivals. Wprs Bulletion,19(3):1～8
Thomas Thieme.1998. Adaptive significance of brown coloration in Sitobion avenae. Integrated controlin Cereal Crops,21(8):7～13
Thompson M J, Svoboda J A, Kaplanis J N.1972. Metabolic pathways of steroids in insects. Proc R SocLond Ser B,180:203～231
Tjallingii W F.1986. Wire effects on aphids during electrical recording of stylet penetration. EntomolExp Appl,40:89～98
Tjallingii W F.1978. Electronic recording of penetration behavior by aphids. Entomol Exp Appl,24:721～730
Tjallingii W F.1985a. Electrical nature of record signals during styled penetration by aphids. EntomolExp Appl,38:177～186
Tjallingii W F.1985b. Membrance potentials as an indication for plant cell penetration by aphids stylets.Entomol Exp Appl,38:187～193
Tjallingii W F.1998. Electrical recording of stylet penetration activities. In: Minks A K, Harrewijn P.(eds.).Aphids, their biology, natural enemies and control. Amsterdam: Elsevier Science PublishersB.V.Amsterdam,88(2):95～108
Tjallingii, W F.1988. Electrical recording of stylet penetration activities. In: Minks A K, Harrewijn P J.(Eds.), Aphids: Their Biology. Natural Enemies and Control. Vol2B. Elsevier, Amsterdam:95～108
Tjallingii, W F.1994. Sieve element acceptance by aphids. Eur J Entomol,91:47～52
Tjallingii, W F.2006. Salivary secretions by aphids interacting with proteins of phloem wound responses.J Exp Bot,57:739～745.
Tjallingii W F.1978.Mechanoreceptors of the aphid labium. Entomol Exp Appl,24:531～537.
Tjallingii W F.1985. Membrane potentials as an indication for plant cell penetration by aphid stylets.Entomol Exp Appl,38:187～193
Tjallingii W F, Esch T H.1993. Fine-structure of aphid stylet routes in plant～tissues in correlation withEPG signals. Physiol Entomol,18:317～328
Tsuchida T, Koga R, Fukatsu T.2004. Host plant specialization governed by facultative symbiont. Science,303:1989
Ulmann S.2007. Einfluss von UV-B auf den monophagen Blattk afer Cassida canaliculata und seineWirtspflanze Salvia pratensis. Diploma Thesis. University at Würzburg:86
Unterman B M,Baumann P, McLean D L.1989. Pea aphid symbiont relationships established by analysisof16Sr RNAs. J Bacteriol,171:2970～74
Urbanska A, Tjallingii W F, Dixon A F G.1998. Phenol oxidising enzymes in the grain aphid's saliva.Entomol.Exp Appl,86(2):197～203
Vaiserman A M, N M Koshel, A Y Litoshenko, T G Mozzhukhina, V P Voitenko.2003. Effects ofX-irradiation in early ontogenesis on the longevity and amount of the S1nuclease-sensitive DNAsites in adult Drosophila melanogaster. Biogerontology,4:9～14
Vaiserman A M, N M Koshel, V P Voitenko.2004a. Effect of X-irradiation at larval stage on adult lifespanin Drosophila melanogaster. Biogerontology,5:49～54
Vaiserman A M, N M Koshel, L V Mechova, V P Voitenko.2004b. Cross-life stage and cross-generationaleffects of gamma irradiations at the egg stage on Drosophila melanogaster life histories.Biogerontology,5:327～337
Van den Heuvel J F J M,Verbeek M, van der F.1994. Endosymbiotic bacteria associated with circulativetransmission of potato virus by Myzus persicae.Gen Virol,75:2559～65
Veteli T O, Tegelberg R, Pusenius J, Sipura M, Julkunen-Tiitto R, Aphalo P J, Tahvanainen J.2003.Interactions between willows and insect herbivores under enhanced ultraviolet-B radiation.Oecologia,137:312～320
Vlot A C, Dempsey D M A, Klessig D F.2009. Salicylic acid, a multifaceted hormone to combat disease.Annu Rev Phytopatho,l47:177～206
Von Dehn M.1961. Untersuchungen uber die Stofwechselphysiologie der Aphiden. Die Aminosauren andZucker Siebrohrensafl einiger Krautgewachsarten und im Honigtau ihrer Schmarotzer. Z Vgl Physiol,45:88～108
Walters F S, Mullin C A, Gildow F E.1994. Biosynthesis of sorbic acid in aphids:an investigation intosymbiont involvement and potential lrelationships with aphid pigments. Arch Insect Biochem Physiol,26:49～67
Wang K L C, Li H, Ecker J R.2002. Ethylene biosynthesis and signaling networks. Plant Cell,14:S131～S151
Wang Y B, Feng H Y, Qu Y, Cheng J Q, Zhao Z G, Zhang M X, Wang X L, An L Z.2006. The relationshipbetween reactive oxygen species and nitric oxide in ultraviolet-B-induced ethylene production inleaves of maize seedlings. Environ Exp Bot,57:51～61
Warren J M, Bassman J H, Eigenbrode S.2002. Leaf chemical changes induced in Populus trichocarpa byenhanced UV-B radiation and concomitant effects on herbivory by Chrysomela scripta (Coleoptera:Chrysomelidae). Tree Physiol,22:1137～1146
Watson M A, Robers F M.1939. A comparative study of the transmission of Hyoscyamus virus3, potatovirus Y and cucumber virus1by the vectors Myzus persicae (Sulz), M. circumflexus (Buckton), andMacrosiphum gei (K). Proc R Soc Lond B,127,543～577
Way M J, Banks C.1967. Intra-specific mechanisms in relation to the regulation of numbers of Aphisfabae Scop. Ann Appl Biol,110:1～7
Way M J, Cammell M.1970. Aggregation behavior in relation to food utilization by aphids. In: WatsonAK, Editors. Animal Populations in Relation to Their Food Resources, A: Blackwell:Oxford, UK:229～247
Wensler R J D, Filshie B K.1969. Gustatory sense organs in the food canal of aphids.J. Morphol:129,473～47
Wilkinson T L, Adams D, Minto L B, Douglas A E.2001.The impact of host plant on the abundance andfunction of symbiotic bacteria in an aphid. Exp Biol,204:3027～3038
Wilkinson T L,Douglas A E.1995a. Aphid feeding,as influenced by disruption of the symbioticbacteria:an an alysis of the pea aphid (Acyrthosiphon pisum). Insect Physiol,41:635～640
Wilkinson T L,Douglas A E.1995b. Why pea aphids (Acyrthosiphon pisum) lacking symbiotic bacteriahave elevated levels of the amino acid glutamine. Insect Physiol,41:921～927
Wilkinson T L.1998. The elimination of intracellular microorganisms from insects: an analysis ofantibiotic-treatment in the pea aphid (Acyrthosiphon pisum). Comparative Biochemistry andPhysiology, Part A,119:871～881
Wolters H, Jürgens G.2009. Survival of the flexible: hormonal growth control and adaptation in plantdevelopment. Nat Rev Genet,10:305～317
Wu J Q, Baldwin I T.2009. Herbivory-induced signalling in plants: perception and action. Plant CellEnviron,32:1161～1174
Yang H, Zhao Z G, Qiang W Y, An L Z, Xu S J, Wang X L.2004. Effects of enhanced UV-B radiation onthe hormonal content of vegetative and reproductive tissues of two tomato cultivars and theirrelationships with reproductive characteristics. Plant Growth Regul,43:251～258
Zangerl A R, Berenbaum M R.1987. Furanocoumarins in wild parsnip-effects of photosynthetically activeradiation, ultraviolet-light, and nutrients. Ecology,68:516～520
Zangerl A R, Berenbaum M R.2003. Phenotype matching in wild parsnip and parsnip webworms: causesand consequences. Evolution,57:806～815
Zavala J A, Scopel A L, Ballaré C L.2001. Effects of ambient UV-B radiation on soybean crops: impacton leaf herbivory by Anticarsia gemmatalis. Plant Ecol,156:121～130
Zhu-Salzman K, Zeng R S.2008. Molecular mechanisms of insect adaptation to plant defense: lessonslearned from a bruchid beetle. Insect Sci,15:4777～481l