非连续变形分析方法的位移模式改进与工程应用研究
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摘要
非连续变形分析(DDA)方法适用于解决岩土工程中有较多不连续界面的力学问题,如节理岩体工程稳定性分析。本论文回顾了工程计算中非连续介质力学数值方法的发展历史,以及DDA方法研究现状,详细介绍了该方法的基本原理,讨论了与其他相关数值方法的联系与区别。DDA方法还处在研究发展阶段,其中,为提高块体应力场精度而改进现有块体位移模式是研究的热点方向之一。本文采用高阶多项式作为块体的位移模式,提出了三种解决块体内应力传递问题的新方法,成功地开发出高阶DDA程序。具体研究内容如下:
(1)二维DDA中块体内应力应变计算精度改进方法的研究:分析了高阶多项式位移模式下块体应力传递问题,并提出了三种提高块体内应力应变计算精度的方法:应力系数累加法、应力荷载累加法和块体剖分单元法,开发出了相应程序,通过几个典型算例的计算和分析,表明三种方法的可行性。
(2)二维DDA前后处理程序的改进:基于DDA前后处理程序的特点及输入格式,利用AutoCAD ObjectARX开发工具,在Visual C++6.0编程环境下编程,开发出了AutoCAD绘图环境中的前后处理程序,极大地提高了DDA数据前后处理的效率。
(3)二维DDA程序的工程应用:初步探讨了DDA法在滑坡变形与破坏全过程模拟中的应用。
本文最后对全文的主要工作进行了总结,并对今后的研究工作予以展望。
The Discontinuous Deformation Analysis (DDA) method is suitable for solving engineering problems with many discontinuous interfaces inside the concerned domain, e.g. the stability analysis of fractured rock mass. The history of various discontinuous deformation analysis methods including DDA is reviewed. The basic theory of DDA is introduced, and the comparisions between DDA and other numerical methods (the finite element methods, the discrete element methods, etc.) are made. Since DDA is still under development, one of concerns is how to improve block displacement functions so that the block stress precision can be improved. Based on the analysis of some related techniques, this dissertation adopts the higher order polynomial functions as the displacement patterns and proposes three kinds of methods for solving the propagation problem of stress in the block. The high order DDA program is developed succussfully. The detailed works are as follows:
(1) In order to improve the block stress precision, this dissertation analyzes the the propagation problem of stress in the block and proposes three kinds of methods for solving this problem: the stress coefficient addition method, the stress loading addition method and the block dissection method. The corresponding programs are developed. Severial typical numerical examples are presented which testify these new DDA methods are feasible.
(2) Based on the characteristic and the inputing data format of DDA programs, a new program upgrading AutoCAD platform was developed with Visual C++6.0 and AutoCAD ObjectARX developing tools. The code makes the pre-processing and post-processing of DDA more efficient and convenient.
(3) This dissertation initially probes into the application of DDA method for the numerical simulation of the deformation and destruction in the whole landslide process.
In the end of this paper, the main ideas of this paper are concluded, furthermore, some questions for future studies are put forward.
(1)二维DDA中块体内应力应变计算精度改进方法的研究:分析了高阶多项式位移模式下块体应力传递问题,并提出了三种提高块体内应力应变计算精度的方法:应力系数累加法、应力荷载累加法和块体剖分单元法,开发出了相应程序,通过几个典型算例的计算和分析,表明三种方法的可行性。
(2)二维DDA前后处理程序的改进:基于DDA前后处理程序的特点及输入格式,利用AutoCAD ObjectARX开发工具,在Visual C++6.0编程环境下编程,开发出了AutoCAD绘图环境中的前后处理程序,极大地提高了DDA数据前后处理的效率。
(3)二维DDA程序的工程应用:初步探讨了DDA法在滑坡变形与破坏全过程模拟中的应用。
本文最后对全文的主要工作进行了总结,并对今后的研究工作予以展望。
The Discontinuous Deformation Analysis (DDA) method is suitable for solving engineering problems with many discontinuous interfaces inside the concerned domain, e.g. the stability analysis of fractured rock mass. The history of various discontinuous deformation analysis methods including DDA is reviewed. The basic theory of DDA is introduced, and the comparisions between DDA and other numerical methods (the finite element methods, the discrete element methods, etc.) are made. Since DDA is still under development, one of concerns is how to improve block displacement functions so that the block stress precision can be improved. Based on the analysis of some related techniques, this dissertation adopts the higher order polynomial functions as the displacement patterns and proposes three kinds of methods for solving the propagation problem of stress in the block. The high order DDA program is developed succussfully. The detailed works are as follows:
(1) In order to improve the block stress precision, this dissertation analyzes the the propagation problem of stress in the block and proposes three kinds of methods for solving this problem: the stress coefficient addition method, the stress loading addition method and the block dissection method. The corresponding programs are developed. Severial typical numerical examples are presented which testify these new DDA methods are feasible.
(2) Based on the characteristic and the inputing data format of DDA programs, a new program upgrading AutoCAD platform was developed with Visual C++6.0 and AutoCAD ObjectARX developing tools. The code makes the pre-processing and post-processing of DDA more efficient and convenient.
(3) This dissertation initially probes into the application of DDA method for the numerical simulation of the deformation and destruction in the whole landslide process.
In the end of this paper, the main ideas of this paper are concluded, furthermore, some questions for future studies are put forward.
引文
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[2] Shi Genhua. Block system Modeling by Discontinuous Deformation Analysis. Southampton UK and Boston USA, 1993.
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[5] Stewart.I.J. A static relaxation method for the analysis of excavations in discontinuous rock. Design and performace of Underground Excavation, 1984, Combrige:149~154.
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[9] 张 旭, 于建华. 柔性弹簧与刚性弹簧在 DDA 方法中的应用[J]. 四川联合大学学报(工程科学版), 1999, 3(3): 122-128, 135。
[10] Cheng, Y.M. & Zhang, Y.H. Rigid body rotation and block internal discretization in DDA analysis[J]. International J. for numerical and analytical methods in geomechanics, 24: 567-578, 2000.
[11] Lin, C.T., Amadei, B., Jung, J. & Dwyer, J. Extensions of Discontinuous deformation analysis for jointed rock mass[J]. Int. J. Rock Mech. Min. Sci. & Geomech. Abstr. 33, 671-694, 1996.
[12] Ke, T.C. Artificial joint-based DDA[C]. In M.R.Salami & D.Banks(eds), Proc.of the first international forum on discontinuous deformation analysis (DDA) and simulations of discontinuous media[C]. 326-333, 1996.
[13] Chern, J.C., Koo, C.Y., and S. Chen, Development of Second Order Displacement Function for DDA and Manifold Method, Working Forum on the Manifold Method of Material Analysis, Vol. 1, 183-202.
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[16] 郑榕明, 张勇慧, 王可钧. 耦合算法原理及有限元与 DDA 的耦合[J]. 岩土工程学报, 2000, 22(6): 727-730。
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[18] Cheng, Y.M. & Zhang, Y.H. Rigid body rotation and block internal discretization in DDA analysis[J]. International J. for numerical and analytical methods in geomechanics, 24: 567-578, 2000.
[19] Koo, C.Y. & Chern, J.C. Modeling of progressive fracture in jointed rock by dda method[C]. In Y.Ohnishi (ed.), Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Analysis of Discontinuous Deformation, Kyoto, Japan, 186-201, 1997.
[20] 张国新, 武晓峰. 裂隙渗流对岩石边坡稳定的影响——渗流、变形耦合作用的 DDA 法[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报, 2003, 22(8): 1269-1275。
[21] Wang, C.Y., Sheng, J. & Chen, M.H. Time integration theories for the DDA method with finite element meshes[C]. In M.R.Salami & D.Banks(eds), Proc. of the first international forum on discontinuous deformation analysis (DDA) and simulations of discontinuous media[C]. 263-287, 1996.
[22] 刘 军, 李仲奎. 非连续变形分析方法中一些控制参数的设置[J]. 成都理工大学学报(自然科学版), 2004, 31(5): 522-526。
[23] 王书法, 朱维申, 郑少河. 节理岩体热应力问题的非连续变形分析方法[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报, 2000, 19(5): 643-646。
[24] 刘 君, 孔宪京. 三维连续与非连续变形分析[J]. 力学学报, 2002, 34(6)。
[25] Shi Genhua. Modeling Dynamic Rock Failure by Disconntinuous Deformation Analysis with Simplex Integrations. Proceedings of the 1st North American Rock Mechanics Symposium, 591~598 Austin, Texas, 1994.
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[28] 苏海东,谢小玲,陈琴. 用数值流形方法求解大变形问题. 固体力学学报,2004,25 卷专辑:88-92。
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[33] 邬爱清,周火明,任放.岩体三维网络模拟技术及其在三峡工程中的应用[J].长江科学院院报,1998,15(6):15-18。
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[36] 天一工作室著,AutoCAD2002 实用教程[M],北京希望电子出版社,2002。
[37] 丁秀丽,张练,张风等. 彭水水电站地下厂房围岩稳定性及支护措施,人民长江,2006,37(1):77-80。
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[40] 水库库岸滑坡的运动过程分析及初始涌浪计算,地球科学[J],2003,28(5)。
[41] 邬爱清,丁秀丽,李会中等,非连续变形分析方法模拟千将坪滑坡启动与滑坡全过程,岩土力学与工程学报,2006,25(7):1297-1303。
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[2] Shi Genhua. Block system Modeling by Discontinuous Deformation Analysis. Southampton UK and Boston USA, 1993.
[3] 周维垣. 高等岩石力学[M]. 北京:水利水电出版社,1989。
[4] Kawai, T.A. new discrete analysis of nonlinear solid mechanics problems involving stability, plasticity and crack. Proceedings of the symposium on Application of computer Method in Engineering, Los Angeles, 1977, Calif: 1029~1038.
[5] Stewart.I.J. A static relaxation method for the analysis of excavations in discontinuous rock. Design and performace of Underground Excavation, 1984, Combrige:149~154.
[6] 王泳嘉,邢纪波,离散单元法同拉格朗日元法及其在岩土力学中的应用,岩石力学[J],1995,16(2)。
[7] 石根华. 数值流形方法与非连续变形分析[M]. 裴觉民译.北京:清华大学出版社, 1997。
[8] Cai, Y. liang, G.P., Shi G.H., & Cook, N.G.W. Studying on impact problem by using LDDA method[C]. In M.R.Salami & D.Banks(eds), Proc. of the first international forum on discontinuous deformation analysis (DDA) and simulations of discontinuous media[C]. Albuquerque:TSI Press, 288-294, 1996.
[9] 张 旭, 于建华. 柔性弹簧与刚性弹簧在 DDA 方法中的应用[J]. 四川联合大学学报(工程科学版), 1999, 3(3): 122-128, 135。
[10] Cheng, Y.M. & Zhang, Y.H. Rigid body rotation and block internal discretization in DDA analysis[J]. International J. for numerical and analytical methods in geomechanics, 24: 567-578, 2000.
[11] Lin, C.T., Amadei, B., Jung, J. & Dwyer, J. Extensions of Discontinuous deformation analysis for jointed rock mass[J]. Int. J. Rock Mech. Min. Sci. & Geomech. Abstr. 33, 671-694, 1996.
[12] Ke, T.C. Artificial joint-based DDA[C]. In M.R.Salami & D.Banks(eds), Proc.of the first international forum on discontinuous deformation analysis (DDA) and simulations of discontinuous media[C]. 326-333, 1996.
[13] Chern, J.C., Koo, C.Y., and S. Chen, Development of Second Order Displacement Function for DDA and Manifold Method, Working Forum on the Manifold Method of Material Analysis, Vol. 1, 183-202.
[14] Koo, C.Y. & Chern, J.C. The development of DDA with third order displacement function[C]. In M.R.Salami & D.Banks(eds), Proc. of the first international forum on discontinuous deformation analysis (DDA) and simulations of discontinuous media[C]. Albuquerque:TSI Press, 342-349, 1996.
[15] Ma, M.Y., Zaman, M. & Zhou, J.H. Discontinuous deformation analysis using the third order displacement function[C]. In M.R.Salami & D.Banks(eds), Proc. of the first international forum on discontinuous deformation analysis (DDA) and simulations of discontinuous media[C]. 383-394, 1996.
[16] 郑榕明, 张勇慧, 王可钧. 耦合算法原理及有限元与 DDA 的耦合[J]. 岩土工程学报, 2000, 22(6): 727-730。
[17] Ke, T.C. The issue of rigid-body rotation in DDA[C]. In M.R.Salami & D.Banks(eds), Proc. of the first international forum on discontinuous deformation analysis (DDA) and simulations of discontinuous media[C]. Albuquerque:TSI Press, 318-325, 1996.
[18] Cheng, Y.M. & Zhang, Y.H. Rigid body rotation and block internal discretization in DDA analysis[J]. International J. for numerical and analytical methods in geomechanics, 24: 567-578, 2000.
[19] Koo, C.Y. & Chern, J.C. Modeling of progressive fracture in jointed rock by dda method[C]. In Y.Ohnishi (ed.), Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Analysis of Discontinuous Deformation, Kyoto, Japan, 186-201, 1997.
[20] 张国新, 武晓峰. 裂隙渗流对岩石边坡稳定的影响——渗流、变形耦合作用的 DDA 法[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报, 2003, 22(8): 1269-1275。
[21] Wang, C.Y., Sheng, J. & Chen, M.H. Time integration theories for the DDA method with finite element meshes[C]. In M.R.Salami & D.Banks(eds), Proc. of the first international forum on discontinuous deformation analysis (DDA) and simulations of discontinuous media[C]. 263-287, 1996.
[22] 刘 军, 李仲奎. 非连续变形分析方法中一些控制参数的设置[J]. 成都理工大学学报(自然科学版), 2004, 31(5): 522-526。
[23] 王书法, 朱维申, 郑少河. 节理岩体热应力问题的非连续变形分析方法[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报, 2000, 19(5): 643-646。
[24] 刘 君, 孔宪京. 三维连续与非连续变形分析[J]. 力学学报, 2002, 34(6)。
[25] Shi Genhua. Modeling Dynamic Rock Failure by Disconntinuous Deformation Analysis with Simplex Integrations. Proceedings of the 1st North American Rock Mechanics Symposium, 591~598 Austin, Texas, 1994.
[26] 林绍忠,单纯形积分的递推公式[J],长江科学院院报,2005 年 6 月第 22卷第 3 期。
[27] 苏海东、谢小玲、陈 琴,高阶数值流形方法在结构静力分析中的应用研究,长江科学院院报,第 22 卷第 5 期,2005 年 10 月。
[28] 苏海东,谢小玲,陈琴. 用数值流形方法求解大变形问题. 固体力学学报,2004,25 卷专辑:88-92。
[29] 刘振兴, 孙雁, 王国庆. 计算固体力学(第一版). 上海: 上海交通大学出版社, 2000。
[30] 杨德庆、刘正兴,自由端受集中力作用下压电悬臂梁弯曲问题解析解,力学季刊,第 24 卷第 3 期,2003 年 9 月。
[31] 刘道清,岩体结构网络分析技术[M],西南交通大学出版社,1995。
[32] 卢波, 陈剑平, 王良奎. 基于三维网络模拟基础的复杂有限块体的自动搜索及其空间几何形状的判定[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报, 2002, 21(8): 1232-1238。
[33] 邬爱清,周火明,任放.岩体三维网络模拟技术及其在三峡工程中的应用[J].长江科学院院报,1998,15(6):15-18。
[34] 何平,概率论与数理统计初步[M],西南交通大学出版社,1999。
[35] Charles McAuley 著,李世国等译,AutoCAD 2000 ObjectARX 编程指南[M],北京:机械工业出版社,2000。
[36] 天一工作室著,AutoCAD2002 实用教程[M],北京希望电子出版社,2002。
[37] 丁秀丽,张练,张风等. 彭水水电站地下厂房围岩稳定性及支护措施,人民长江,2006,37(1):77-80。
[38] 陈学德,水库滑坡涌浪研究的综合评述,水电科研与实践[J],1984,1(1)。
[39] 胡杰,王道熊,胡斌,库岸滑坡灾害及其涌浪分析,华东交通大学学报,2003,20(5)。
[40] 水库库岸滑坡的运动过程分析及初始涌浪计算,地球科学[J],2003,28(5)。
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