新疆艾比湖周边典型梭梭沙堆表层沉积物粒度特征研究
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摘要
灌丛沙堆是干旱半干旱地区沙漠、半湿润沙地和沙质海岸带常见的风积生物地貌类型。灌丛沙堆在我国分布范围很广,但研究程度较低。通过对艾比湖流域典型梭梭沙堆表层沉积物样品的粒度实验分析,结合该区的野外考察,阐述了艾比湖周边典型梭梭沙堆表层沉积物样品的粒度变化特征,并探讨了粒度特征所蕴含的环境信息。初步得出以下几点结论:
(1)艾比湖周边梭梭沙堆表层沉积物的粒度组成主要为砂,平均可达90.34%,粉砂(8.59%)和粘土(1.06%)的含量较少。粒径分布在0.45μm~1124.68μm之间,主要集中在细砂(34.50%)、中砂(29.23%)和极细砂(17.32%)三个粒级段上。
(2)研究区梭梭沙堆表层沉积物的中值粒径介于1.42φ~3.19φ之间,平均值为2.27φ;众值均为单众值,介于0.91φ~2.90φ之间,平均值为1.90φ;平均粒径介于1.56φ~3.42φ之间,平均值为2.35φ;分选系数介于0.76φ~1.42φ之间,平均值为1.20φ,属于较差的分选;偏态值介于0.70φ~10.49φ之间,属于极正偏,平均值为6.53φ;峰态值介于1.06φ~3.65φ之间,平均值为2.44φ,属于很窄的峰态。
(3)艾比湖周边梭梭沙堆表层沉积物不同地貌部位粒组含量比粒级含量更能表现出粒度组成变化的规律性,即,粗粒组分(砂)的含量从迎风坡坡脚开始,顺风向先增大(变细),至迎风坡坡中最大(最细),而后不断减小(变粗),经堆顶至背风坡坡中达最小(最粗),最后至背风坡坡脚略有增大(变细);而细粒组分(粉砂和粘土,除粗粉砂)的含量以及各粒度参数的变化规律却正好相反。
(4)研究区梭梭沙堆表层沉积物的平均粒径、分选系数、偏态和峰态这4个粒度参数,任意两两之间都呈现正相关关系,总体相关程度较高。按照相关程度由高到低依次为:分选系数与峰态(R=0.9638)、分选系数与偏态(R=0.9291)、偏态与峰态(R=0.8216)为高度正相关;平均粒径与偏态(R=0.6088)、平均粒径与分选系数(R=0.5049)为显著正相关;平均粒径与峰态(R=0.3391)呈现低度正相关。各粒度参数间的这种正相关关系表现为:粒径变大、颗粒变细时,分选变差,偏向正偏,峰态趋向尖窄。
(5)通过研究艾比湖周边典型梭梭沙堆表层沉积物样品的粒度特征,发现粒度组成、粒度参数、粒度频率曲线、概率累计曲线和结构参数散点图等都蕴含丰富的环境信息。由粒度参数计算出的环境判别值Y,对于一个区域的未知沉积环境的判别和已知沉积环境的印证都有较明确的环境指示意义。
Nebkha is a common kind of biological wind deposition geomorphy in arid and semi-humid desert, and sandy coast. The dunes are extensively distributed in China, but little attention is put to it. This paper chooses Ebinur lake valley as research area,according to the analysis to the sediment grain-size samples collected from the surface of typical Haloxylon ammodendron Nebkha and the field investigate,mainly elaborates the granulometric characteristics of the sediment grain-size samples and their environmental information. The main conclusions can be summarized as follows:
(1)The main mechanical sediments components of Haloxylon ammodendron Nebkha is sand with the average content over 90.34% in Ebinur lake region, while little 8.59% silt approximately, and very little in clay (1.06%) content. The particle size distributes in 0.45μm~1124.68μm,is mainly consists of fine sand (34.50%) , medium sand (29.23%) and very fine sand (17.32%).
(2)The medium grain sizes of sandy materials are distributed in the range of 1.42φ-3.19φ, the average is 2.27φ. The values are all single value, distributed in the range of 0.91φ-2.90φ, the average is 1.90φ. The average particle sizes are distributed in 1.56Φ-3.42Φ, the average is 2.35Φ.The sorted coefficients are within the scope of 0.76Φ-1.42Φ, the average is 1.20Φ.The sorting of sandy materials are very poorly. The distribution range of Skewness is 0.70Φ-10.49Φ, the average is 6.53Φ.It is of very fine skewed. The distribution range of Kurtosis is 1.06Φ-3.65Φ,the average is 2.44Φ.It is of very Leptokurtic.
(3)The mechanical sediment component of Haloxylon ammodendron Nebkha change regularly on different parts. The coarse sand composition components (sand) increase from the windward base of slope,became the maximum on the middle slope, then decrease constantly ,became the minimum on the middle leeward slope through the slope tip, finally,increase slightly to the leeward base of slope. But, the change regularity of the fine sand composition components (silt and clay) and the grain size parameters is the opposite.
(4)They are of positive correlationship arbitrary between each of average particle sizes, sorted coefficient,skewness and kurtosis. The total degree of correlation are higher. It is higher positive correlationship that sorted coefficient and kurtosis(R=0.9638), sorted coefficient and skewness(R=0.9291), skewness and kurtosis(R=0.8216). It is obvious positive correlationship that average particle sizes and skewness(R=0.6088), average particle sizes and sorted coefficient(R=0.5049). It is lower positive correlationship that average particle sizes and kurtosis(R=0.3391).The average particle sizes are bigger(finer), while the sortings are more poorly,the skewnesses are more fine skewed, the kurtosises are more leptokurtic.
(5)According to the stuty on granulometric characteristics of the sediment grain-size samples, it is found that the grain-size composition, grain-size parameter, grain-size frequency distribution curve, accumulated probability curve and the scatter plots of grain size parameters include many environmental information. The discriminant analysis results (Y) have more clear environmental indication significance about discrimination and confirmation of the sedimentary environment in some region.
(1)艾比湖周边梭梭沙堆表层沉积物的粒度组成主要为砂,平均可达90.34%,粉砂(8.59%)和粘土(1.06%)的含量较少。粒径分布在0.45μm~1124.68μm之间,主要集中在细砂(34.50%)、中砂(29.23%)和极细砂(17.32%)三个粒级段上。
(2)研究区梭梭沙堆表层沉积物的中值粒径介于1.42φ~3.19φ之间,平均值为2.27φ;众值均为单众值,介于0.91φ~2.90φ之间,平均值为1.90φ;平均粒径介于1.56φ~3.42φ之间,平均值为2.35φ;分选系数介于0.76φ~1.42φ之间,平均值为1.20φ,属于较差的分选;偏态值介于0.70φ~10.49φ之间,属于极正偏,平均值为6.53φ;峰态值介于1.06φ~3.65φ之间,平均值为2.44φ,属于很窄的峰态。
(3)艾比湖周边梭梭沙堆表层沉积物不同地貌部位粒组含量比粒级含量更能表现出粒度组成变化的规律性,即,粗粒组分(砂)的含量从迎风坡坡脚开始,顺风向先增大(变细),至迎风坡坡中最大(最细),而后不断减小(变粗),经堆顶至背风坡坡中达最小(最粗),最后至背风坡坡脚略有增大(变细);而细粒组分(粉砂和粘土,除粗粉砂)的含量以及各粒度参数的变化规律却正好相反。
(4)研究区梭梭沙堆表层沉积物的平均粒径、分选系数、偏态和峰态这4个粒度参数,任意两两之间都呈现正相关关系,总体相关程度较高。按照相关程度由高到低依次为:分选系数与峰态(R=0.9638)、分选系数与偏态(R=0.9291)、偏态与峰态(R=0.8216)为高度正相关;平均粒径与偏态(R=0.6088)、平均粒径与分选系数(R=0.5049)为显著正相关;平均粒径与峰态(R=0.3391)呈现低度正相关。各粒度参数间的这种正相关关系表现为:粒径变大、颗粒变细时,分选变差,偏向正偏,峰态趋向尖窄。
(5)通过研究艾比湖周边典型梭梭沙堆表层沉积物样品的粒度特征,发现粒度组成、粒度参数、粒度频率曲线、概率累计曲线和结构参数散点图等都蕴含丰富的环境信息。由粒度参数计算出的环境判别值Y,对于一个区域的未知沉积环境的判别和已知沉积环境的印证都有较明确的环境指示意义。
Nebkha is a common kind of biological wind deposition geomorphy in arid and semi-humid desert, and sandy coast. The dunes are extensively distributed in China, but little attention is put to it. This paper chooses Ebinur lake valley as research area,according to the analysis to the sediment grain-size samples collected from the surface of typical Haloxylon ammodendron Nebkha and the field investigate,mainly elaborates the granulometric characteristics of the sediment grain-size samples and their environmental information. The main conclusions can be summarized as follows:
(1)The main mechanical sediments components of Haloxylon ammodendron Nebkha is sand with the average content over 90.34% in Ebinur lake region, while little 8.59% silt approximately, and very little in clay (1.06%) content. The particle size distributes in 0.45μm~1124.68μm,is mainly consists of fine sand (34.50%) , medium sand (29.23%) and very fine sand (17.32%).
(2)The medium grain sizes of sandy materials are distributed in the range of 1.42φ-3.19φ, the average is 2.27φ. The values are all single value, distributed in the range of 0.91φ-2.90φ, the average is 1.90φ. The average particle sizes are distributed in 1.56Φ-3.42Φ, the average is 2.35Φ.The sorted coefficients are within the scope of 0.76Φ-1.42Φ, the average is 1.20Φ.The sorting of sandy materials are very poorly. The distribution range of Skewness is 0.70Φ-10.49Φ, the average is 6.53Φ.It is of very fine skewed. The distribution range of Kurtosis is 1.06Φ-3.65Φ,the average is 2.44Φ.It is of very Leptokurtic.
(3)The mechanical sediment component of Haloxylon ammodendron Nebkha change regularly on different parts. The coarse sand composition components (sand) increase from the windward base of slope,became the maximum on the middle slope, then decrease constantly ,became the minimum on the middle leeward slope through the slope tip, finally,increase slightly to the leeward base of slope. But, the change regularity of the fine sand composition components (silt and clay) and the grain size parameters is the opposite.
(4)They are of positive correlationship arbitrary between each of average particle sizes, sorted coefficient,skewness and kurtosis. The total degree of correlation are higher. It is higher positive correlationship that sorted coefficient and kurtosis(R=0.9638), sorted coefficient and skewness(R=0.9291), skewness and kurtosis(R=0.8216). It is obvious positive correlationship that average particle sizes and skewness(R=0.6088), average particle sizes and sorted coefficient(R=0.5049). It is lower positive correlationship that average particle sizes and kurtosis(R=0.3391).The average particle sizes are bigger(finer), while the sortings are more poorly,the skewnesses are more fine skewed, the kurtosises are more leptokurtic.
(5)According to the stuty on granulometric characteristics of the sediment grain-size samples, it is found that the grain-size composition, grain-size parameter, grain-size frequency distribution curve, accumulated probability curve and the scatter plots of grain size parameters include many environmental information. The discriminant analysis results (Y) have more clear environmental indication significance about discrimination and confirmation of the sedimentary environment in some region.
引文
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