中国毡蚧科昆虫分类研究（半翅目：胸喙亚目：蚧总科）
摘要
毡蚧科Eriococcidae隶属于半翅目Hemiptera.胸喙亚目Sternorrhyncha的蚧总科Coccoidea,目前全世界已知600余种,分布各大动物地理区。毡蚧均为植食性昆虫,可以危害林木、果树、农作物及园林植物等,造成经济损失,因此对我国毡蚧科的分类研究十分必要。
本论文首先概述了毡蚧科的国内外分类研究概况,介绍了该类群的研究材料与方法,然后再从分类、系统发育、地理分布三方面阐述了研究与分析结果。
分类部分通过对500余号玻片标本鉴定分类和文献整理总结,共记载我国毡蚧科昆虫13属63种,其中发现1新属,即大盘毡蚧属Macroporicoccus Nan&Wu,2013:6新种,即小檗毡蚧Eriococcus berberisi Nan&Wu,2011、香茶菜根毡蚧Rhizococcus isodoni Nan&Wu,2013.北京蒿毡蚧E. beijingensis sp.n..梵净山毡蚧E. fanjingshanensis sp.n.、抱草毡蚧E melicae sp.n.、碱茅毡蚧E puccinelliae sp.n.;2中国新记录种,即委陵菜毡蚧E.munroi(Boratynski,1962)、欧洲根毡蚧R.herbaceus Danzig,1962；并建立1新组合,即榆大盘毡蚧Macroporicoccus ulmi (Tang&Hao,1995)；除本论文中的4新种外,其余均已正式发表。根据标本详细描述19种毡蚧,绘制形态特征图28幅,其中雌成虫19幅,一龄若虫7幅,二龄若虫2幅；并编制分属、分种检索表。
系统发育部分根据104个18S和72个28S rDNA序列(其中17个18S和23个28S样品序列为本研究所测),采用贝叶斯法构建系统发育树,初步分析了毡蚧科成员之间及与新蚧类其他常见科代表种间的系统发育关系。结果再次证明了毡蚧科为非单系群及其三大主要分支；所涉及的我国毡蚧中,Kuwanina parva、Macroporiccus ulmi、Asiacornococcus kaki在“BSE"(Beesoniidae+Stictococcidae+Eriococcus)支,Kuwanina betula在“Gondwanan"支,其他毡蚧位于“Acanthococcid"支；其他科的代表,头蚧科Beesoniidae.战蚧科Stictococcidae在“BSE”支中,胭蚧科Dactylopiidae在"Acanthococcid"支中,盾蚧科Diaspididae可能位于毡蚧三大支间。
地理分布部分首次整理并分析了我国毡蚧科属级和种级的地理分布信息和区系组成概况。结果表明：属级水平上,我国毡蚧在古北区的分布最多,其次为东洋区；种级水平上,我国毡蚧共有4种分布类型,即古北型(39种)、东洋型(9种)、古北+东洋型(14种)、古北+新北型(1种),古北区的成分在我国毡蚧科区系中占绝对优势；我国特有种多,共27种。最后与相邻国家或地区毡蚧科区系进行了对比,其中俄罗斯与我国的共有种数量最多(14种)。
研究标本均保存在北京林业大学森林保护系昆虫标本室。
The family Eriococcidae belongs to Hemiptera, Sternorrhyncha, Coccoidea. More than600eriococcid species are known so far in the world, which are distributed in all zoogeographic regions. All the felt scales are phytophagous insects, which can infect the plants of forest, fruit, agriculture and gardens, and cause economic losses. Therefore, the taxonomic study to Chinese Eriococcidae is indispensable.
This paper begins with an overview of the classification of Eriococcidae, and introduces the materials and methods; and then elaborates the results of research and analysis in three parts including taxonomy, phylogeny and geographical distribution.
In the part of taxonomy, more than500slides were observed and identified, and the references were gathered, and13genera and63species are recorded in China including one new genus, Macroporicoccus Nan&Wu,2013; six new species, Eriococcus berberisi Nan&Wu,2011, Rhizococcus isodoni Nan&Wu,2013, E. beijingensis sp. n., E. fanjingshanensis sp. n., E. melicae sp. n. and E. puccinelliae sp. n.; two new record in China, E. munroi (Boratynski,1962), R. herbaceus Danzig,1962; and one new combination, Macroporicoccus ulmi (Tang&Hao,1995).(Except the four new species referred in this paper, others all had been published before.) Nineteen eriococcid species are described in detail, with addition of illustrations of19adult females,7first-instar nymphs and2second-instar females. And keys are added to the family and genera of felt scales from China.
In the part of phylogeny, phylogenetic trees are built from Bayesian analyses respectively of10418S and7228S sequences obtained from eriococcids and representatives of other common neococcoid families (1718S and2328S sequences were made in the present study) to preliminarily analyzes the phylogeny within the Eriococcidae and other families. The result indicates the non-monophyly and three main clades of the Eriococcidae again. Of the involved eriococcids from China, Kuwanina parva, Macroporicoccus ulmi and Asiacornococcus kaki belong to "BSE"(Beesoniidae+Stictococcidae+Eriococcus) clade; Kuwanina betula belongs to "Gondwanan" clade; and the remaining species fall within "Acanthococcid" clade. Of other families'representatives, Beesoniidae and Stictococcidae's fall within "BSE" clade; Dactylopiidae's fall within "Acanthococcid" clade; and Diaspididae's may fall among the three main clades of eriococcids.
In the part of geographical distribution, it first collates the information of geographical distribution of eriococcid genera and species from China, and analyzes the Chinese faunal component of Eriococcidae. It turns out:in general level, the eriococcids in Palearctic region predominate in China, followed by the ones in Oriental region; in species level, the eriococcids has4types of distribution, i.e. Palearctic type (39species), Oriental type (9), Palearctic+Oriental type (14) and Palearctic+Neoarctic type (1), which indicates that the felt scales in Palearctic region predominate in China; and there are27species currently only known from China. At last, comparing with the eriococcids from other neighbours, Russia shared the largest number (14) of common species with China.
All specimens studied are deposited in the Insect Collection, the Department of Forestry Protection, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China (BFUC).
本论文首先概述了毡蚧科的国内外分类研究概况,介绍了该类群的研究材料与方法,然后再从分类、系统发育、地理分布三方面阐述了研究与分析结果。
分类部分通过对500余号玻片标本鉴定分类和文献整理总结,共记载我国毡蚧科昆虫13属63种,其中发现1新属,即大盘毡蚧属Macroporicoccus Nan&Wu,2013:6新种,即小檗毡蚧Eriococcus berberisi Nan&Wu,2011、香茶菜根毡蚧Rhizococcus isodoni Nan&Wu,2013.北京蒿毡蚧E. beijingensis sp.n..梵净山毡蚧E. fanjingshanensis sp.n.、抱草毡蚧E melicae sp.n.、碱茅毡蚧E puccinelliae sp.n.;2中国新记录种,即委陵菜毡蚧E.munroi(Boratynski,1962)、欧洲根毡蚧R.herbaceus Danzig,1962；并建立1新组合,即榆大盘毡蚧Macroporicoccus ulmi (Tang&Hao,1995)；除本论文中的4新种外,其余均已正式发表。根据标本详细描述19种毡蚧,绘制形态特征图28幅,其中雌成虫19幅,一龄若虫7幅,二龄若虫2幅；并编制分属、分种检索表。
系统发育部分根据104个18S和72个28S rDNA序列(其中17个18S和23个28S样品序列为本研究所测),采用贝叶斯法构建系统发育树,初步分析了毡蚧科成员之间及与新蚧类其他常见科代表种间的系统发育关系。结果再次证明了毡蚧科为非单系群及其三大主要分支；所涉及的我国毡蚧中,Kuwanina parva、Macroporiccus ulmi、Asiacornococcus kaki在“BSE"(Beesoniidae+Stictococcidae+Eriococcus)支,Kuwanina betula在“Gondwanan"支,其他毡蚧位于“Acanthococcid"支；其他科的代表,头蚧科Beesoniidae.战蚧科Stictococcidae在“BSE”支中,胭蚧科Dactylopiidae在"Acanthococcid"支中,盾蚧科Diaspididae可能位于毡蚧三大支间。
地理分布部分首次整理并分析了我国毡蚧科属级和种级的地理分布信息和区系组成概况。结果表明：属级水平上,我国毡蚧在古北区的分布最多,其次为东洋区；种级水平上,我国毡蚧共有4种分布类型,即古北型(39种)、东洋型(9种)、古北+东洋型(14种)、古北+新北型(1种),古北区的成分在我国毡蚧科区系中占绝对优势；我国特有种多,共27种。最后与相邻国家或地区毡蚧科区系进行了对比,其中俄罗斯与我国的共有种数量最多(14种)。
研究标本均保存在北京林业大学森林保护系昆虫标本室。
The family Eriococcidae belongs to Hemiptera, Sternorrhyncha, Coccoidea. More than600eriococcid species are known so far in the world, which are distributed in all zoogeographic regions. All the felt scales are phytophagous insects, which can infect the plants of forest, fruit, agriculture and gardens, and cause economic losses. Therefore, the taxonomic study to Chinese Eriococcidae is indispensable.
This paper begins with an overview of the classification of Eriococcidae, and introduces the materials and methods; and then elaborates the results of research and analysis in three parts including taxonomy, phylogeny and geographical distribution.
In the part of taxonomy, more than500slides were observed and identified, and the references were gathered, and13genera and63species are recorded in China including one new genus, Macroporicoccus Nan&Wu,2013; six new species, Eriococcus berberisi Nan&Wu,2011, Rhizococcus isodoni Nan&Wu,2013, E. beijingensis sp. n., E. fanjingshanensis sp. n., E. melicae sp. n. and E. puccinelliae sp. n.; two new record in China, E. munroi (Boratynski,1962), R. herbaceus Danzig,1962; and one new combination, Macroporicoccus ulmi (Tang&Hao,1995).(Except the four new species referred in this paper, others all had been published before.) Nineteen eriococcid species are described in detail, with addition of illustrations of19adult females,7first-instar nymphs and2second-instar females. And keys are added to the family and genera of felt scales from China.
In the part of phylogeny, phylogenetic trees are built from Bayesian analyses respectively of10418S and7228S sequences obtained from eriococcids and representatives of other common neococcoid families (1718S and2328S sequences were made in the present study) to preliminarily analyzes the phylogeny within the Eriococcidae and other families. The result indicates the non-monophyly and three main clades of the Eriococcidae again. Of the involved eriococcids from China, Kuwanina parva, Macroporicoccus ulmi and Asiacornococcus kaki belong to "BSE"(Beesoniidae+Stictococcidae+Eriococcus) clade; Kuwanina betula belongs to "Gondwanan" clade; and the remaining species fall within "Acanthococcid" clade. Of other families'representatives, Beesoniidae and Stictococcidae's fall within "BSE" clade; Dactylopiidae's fall within "Acanthococcid" clade; and Diaspididae's may fall among the three main clades of eriococcids.
In the part of geographical distribution, it first collates the information of geographical distribution of eriococcid genera and species from China, and analyzes the Chinese faunal component of Eriococcidae. It turns out:in general level, the eriococcids in Palearctic region predominate in China, followed by the ones in Oriental region; in species level, the eriococcids has4types of distribution, i.e. Palearctic type (39species), Oriental type (9), Palearctic+Oriental type (14) and Palearctic+Neoarctic type (1), which indicates that the felt scales in Palearctic region predominate in China; and there are27species currently only known from China. At last, comparing with the eriococcids from other neighbours, Russia shared the largest number (14) of common species with China.
All specimens studied are deposited in the Insect Collection, the Department of Forestry Protection, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China (BFUC).
引文
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