枯草芽孢杆菌制剂和有机硒在肉兔生产中的应用研究
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摘要
硒是动物机体内重要的必需微量元素,硒具有抗氧化、抗应激、促进动物生长、提高饲料利用率、提高免疫力、降低死亡率等多种重要作用,所以日粮补硒现是养殖业采取的常规措施。因有机硒毒性小,适口性好,吸收利用率高,可降低饲料中硒的添加量,从而减少硒对环境的污染。益生菌在动物体内能促进肠道有益菌生长,促进肠道微生态平衡,可分泌多种消化酶,从而促进动物对营养物质的消化吸收、提高饲料转化率,提高畜禽免疫力和抗病力,降低死亡率,目前广泛作为饲料添加剂应用。
本研究使用枯草芽孢杆菌、蛋氨酸硒、酵母硒添加到肉兔饲料中观察其在肉兔应用效果,为其在肉兔生产上的广泛应用提供理论依据,也为富硒益生菌的开发研究、应用提供依据。
试验1不同剂量枯草芽孢杆茵对肉兔生产性能、肠道菌群及抗氧化性能的影响
本试验将断奶仔兔324只随机分成三组,每组108只,试验Ⅰ组为对照组；试验Ⅱ组添加0.3%枯草芽孢杆菌；试验Ⅲ组添加0.6%枯草芽孢杆菌。饲喂60天后观察芽孢杆菌对肉兔死亡率、料肉比、胴体重、屠宰率、净肉率、胴体失水重、粪便pH以及粪便菌群的影响；并在试验的第30天、40天、50天、60天采集血清检测各组对肉兔抗氧化性能的影响。结果表明,肉兔饲料中添加芽孢杆菌可显著提高日增重、降低料肉比(p<0.05),显著提高肉兔屠宰率、净肉率(p<0.05),能减少肉兔胴体在冷藏后的失水重(p>0.05),降低死亡率(p>0.05),兔舍笼位三层设置对肉兔死亡率有极显著的影响(p<0.01),显著降低粪便pH(p<0.05),显著降低大肠茵群、大肠杆菌数,提高乳酸杆菌和双歧杆菌数(p<0.05),能显著提高肉兔抗氧化性能(p<0.05或p<0.01)
试验2不同硒源对肉兔生产与抗氧化性能的影响
本试验将断奶仔兔432只随机分成四组,每组108只。试验Ⅰ组为对照组,试验Ⅱ组添加含硒量为0.3mg/kg亚硒酸钠,试验Ⅲ组添加含硒量为0.3mg/kg酵母硒,试验Ⅳ组添加含硒量为0.3mg/kg蛋氨酸硒。饲喂60天后观察亚硒酸钠、蛋氨酸硒、酵母硒对肉兔死亡率、料肉比、屠宰率、净肉率、胴体失水重、胸肌硒含量、肝脏硒含量的影响；并在试验的第30天、40天、50天、60天采集血清检测各组对肉兔抗氧化性能的影响。结果说明,肉兔饲料添加亚硒酸钠、蛋氨酸硒、酵母硒极显著提高日增重(p<0.01)、能显著降低料重比(p<0.05),能显著提高屠宰率(p<0.05或p<0.01)、对净肉率有提高趋势(p>0.05),能极显著减少肉兔胴体在冷藏后的失水重(p<0.01),降低死亡率(p>0.05),兔舍笼位三层设置对肉兔死亡率有极显著的影响(P<0.01),显著提高胸肌和肝脏硒含量(p<0.05),能显著提高肉兔抗氧化性能(p<0.05或p<0.01)
试验3枯草芽孢杆菌与蛋氨酸硒联合应用对肉兔生长性能、肠道茵群及抗氧化性能的影响
本试验将断奶仔兔432只随机分成四组,每组108只。试验Ⅰ组为对照组；试验Ⅱ组添加0.3%枯草芽孢杆菌；试验Ⅲ组添加含硒量为0.3mg/kg蛋氨酸硒；试验Ⅳ组混合添加含硒量为0.3mg/kg蛋氨酸硒和0.3%枯草芽孢杆菌。饲喂60天后观察各组对日增重肉料肉比、屠宰率、净肉率、死亡率、胴体失水重、粪便pH、粪便茵群、后腿肌硒含量、肾脏硒含量的影响；并在试验的第30天、40天、50天、60天采集血清检测各组对肉兔抗氧化性能的影响。结果说明,肉兔饲料中添加芽孢杆菌有提高日增重、降低料肉比的趋势(p>0.05),蛋氨酸硒可显著提高日增重、降低料肉比(p<0.05),混合组能显著提高日增重(p<0.05)、极显著降低料肉比(p<0.01)；混合组能显著提高屠宰率和净肉率(p<0.05),芽孢杆菌、蛋氨酸硒有提高屠宰率和净肉率趋势(p>0.05)；混合组能极显著减少肉兔胴体在冷藏后的失水重(p<0.01),芽孢杆菌、蛋氨酸硒能显著减少肉兔胴体在冷藏后的失水重(p<0.05)；芽孢杆菌、蛋氨酸硒、混合添加有降低肉兔死亡率作用(p>0.05)；兔舍笼位三层设置对肉兔死亡率有极显著的影响(p<0.01)；蛋氨酸硒、混合组显著提高后腿肌和肾脏硒含量(p<0.05)；芽孢杆菌、蛋氨酸硒及混合组能显著降低粪便pH(p<0.05),显著降低大肠茵群、大肠杆菌数,提高乳酸杆菌和双歧杆菌数(p<0.05),能显著提高肉兔抗氧化性能(p<0.05或p<0.01)
试验4枯草芽孢杆菌、酵母硒联合应用对肉兔生产性能、肠道茵群及抗氧化性能的影响
本试验将断奶仔兔792只随机分成四组,每组198只。试验Ⅰ组为对照组,饲喂肉兔料；试验Ⅱ组添加0.3%枯草芽孢杆菌；试验Ⅲ组添加含硒量为0.3mg/kg酵母硒；试验Ⅳ组饲混合添加含硒量为0.3mg/kg酵母硒和0.3%枯草芽孢杆菌。饲喂60天后观察各组对日增重肉、料重比、屠宰率、净肉率、死亡率、胴体失水重、粪便pH、粪便菌群、背最长肌硒含量、心脏硒含量的影响；并在试验的第30天、40天、50天、60天采集血清检测各组对肉兔抗氧化性能的影响。结果说明,肉兔饲料中添加芽孢杆菌可降低料重比(p<0.05),酵母硒、混合组可显著提高日增重、降低料重比(p<0.05)；混合组能极显著提高屠宰率和净肉率(p<0.01),芽孢杆茵、酵母硒能显著提高净肉率(p<0.05)；混合组、酵母硒能极显著减少肉兔胴体在冷藏后的失水重(p<0.01)；芽孢杆菌、酵母硒及混合添加有降低肉兔死亡率作用(p>0.05)；兔舍笼位三层设置对肉兔死亡率有极显著的影响(p<0.01)；酵母硒、混合组显著提高背最长肌和心脏硒含量(p<0.05)；芽孢杆菌、酵母硒及混合组能显著降低粪便pH(p<0.05),极显著降低大肠菌群、大肠杆菌数,提高乳酸杆菌和双歧杆菌数(p<0.01),能显著提高肉兔抗氧化性能(p<0.05或p<0.01)
Selenium (Se) is an essential trace element for anti-oxidation, anti-stress, improving animal growth, improving foodstuff utility value, improving immunity, reducing animal death rate etc. There is wide use of organic Se instead of inorganic Se in animal diet, because organic selenium has advantage of higher bioavailability, lower toxicity and less potential environmental pollution.
Probiotics are beneficial microorganisms for improving the beneficial microorganisms growth, balance of colonic microbiota, secretion of digestive enzyme, improving absorption of nutrient, increasing foodstuff utility value, improving immunity and ability of anti-disease, reducing animal death rate etc. There has been wide use as additive.
In this paper, selenomethionine, selenium-enriched yeast and Bacillus subtilis were used as additive to study its effect on growth performance, enhancing immunity and preventing diseases on rabbit, and to clarify its mechanisms.
Experiment1. The effect of different concentrations of Bacillus subtilis on rabbit growth performance, stool microflora and antioxidation function
324chosen rabbits were divided into3groups randomly. The rabbit in the control groups I were fed with normal diet, the rabbits in the experimental groups II were fed normal diet with0.3%Bacillus subtilis, the rabbits in the experimental groups III were fed normal diet with0.6%Bacillus subtilis. The experimental period was60days. Results suggest that feeding with Bacillufeed significantly increased day weight gain and feed conversion; significantly increased dressing percentage and meat percentage;reduced the water loss in weight after cold storage; reduced mortality. Rabbit cage of three floors have extreme effect on mortality; significantly reduced stool pH.microflora and Escherichia coli,significantly increased Bifidobacterium and Lactobacterium; significantly improved antioxidation function.
Experiment2. The effect of different selenium resources on rabbit growth performance and antioxidation function
432chosen rabbits were divided into4groups randomly. The rabbit in the control groups Ⅰ were fed with normal diet, the rabbits in the experimental groups Ⅱ were fed normal diet with0.3mg/kg sodium selenite,the rabbits in the experimental groups Ⅲ were fed normal diet with0.3mg/kg Se-enriched yeast, the rabbits in the experimental groups Ⅳ were fed normal diet with0.3mg/kg Selenomethionine. The experimental period was60days. Results suggest that feeding with sodium selenite, Se-enriched yeast and Selenomethionine significantly increased feed conversion, extreme increased day weight gain; significantly increased dressing percentage;extreme reduced the water loss in weight after cold storage; reduced mortality; Rabbit cage of three floors have an extreme effect on mortality. Significantly increased selenium content in rabbit Pectoralis muscles and Liver; Significantly improved antioxidation function.
Experiment3. The effect of Bacillus Subtilis and selenomethionine on rabbit growth performance, stool microflora and antioxidation function
432chosen rabbits were divided into4groups randomly. The rabbit in the control groups Ⅰ were fed with normal diet, the rabbits in the experimental groups Ⅱ were fed normal diet with0.3%Bacillus Subtilis.the rabbits in the experimental groups III were fed normal diet with0.3mg/kg Selenomethionine, the rabbits in the experimental groups IV were fed normal diet with0.3%Bacillus Subtilis and0.4%Bacillus Subtilis. The rabbits in the experimental groups IV were fed normal diet with0.3mg/kg Selenomethionine and0.3%Bacillus Subtilis. The experimental period was60days. Results suggest that feeding with Selenomethionine significantly increased day weight gain and feed conversion; the mix groups significantly increased day weight gain, dressing percentage and meat percentage extreme increased feed conversion and reduced the water loss in weight after cold storage; Bacillus Subtilis and Selenomethionine significantly reduced the water loss in weight after cold storage; Bacillus Subtilis, Selenomethionine and mix group reduced mortality; Rabbit cage of three floors had an significantly effect on mortality; Selenomethionine and mix groupsignificantly increased selenium content in rabbit hind leg muscles and kidney; Bacillus Subtilis, Selenomethionine and mix group significantly reduced stool pH,microflora and Escherichia coli,significantly increased Bifidobacterium and Lactobacterium; significantly improved antioxidation function.
Experiment4. The effect of Bacillus Subtilis and selenium-enriched yeast on rabbit growth performance, stool microflora and antioxidation function
792chosen rabbits were divided into4groups randomly. The rabbit in the control groups Ⅰ were fed with normal diet, the rabbits in the experimental groups Ⅱ were fed normal diet with0.3%Bacillus Subtilis, the rabbits in the experimental groups Ⅲ were fed normal diet with0.3mg/kg Se-enriched yeast The rabbits in the experimental groups Ⅳ were fed normal diet with0.3mg/kg Se-enriched yeast and0.3%Bacillus Subtilis.The experimental period was60days. Results suggest that feeding with Bacillus Subtilis significantly increased feed conversion, Se-enriched yeast and the mix group significantly increased day weight gain and feed conversion; the mix group extreme increased dressing percentage and meat percentage, Bacillus Subtilis and Se-enriched yeast significantly increased meat percentage; Se-enriched yeast and the mix group extreme reduced the water loss in weight after cold storage; Bacillus Subtilis, Se-enriched yeast and the mix group reduced mortality; Rabbit cage of three floors had an extreme effect on mortality; Se-enriched yeast and the mix group significantly increased selenium content in rabbit longissimus dorsi and heart; Bacillus Subtilis, Se-enriched yeast and mix group significantly reduced stool pH, extreme reduced microflora and Escherichia coli, extreme increased Bifidobacterium and Lactobacterium, significantly improved antioxidation function.
本研究使用枯草芽孢杆菌、蛋氨酸硒、酵母硒添加到肉兔饲料中观察其在肉兔应用效果,为其在肉兔生产上的广泛应用提供理论依据,也为富硒益生菌的开发研究、应用提供依据。
试验1不同剂量枯草芽孢杆茵对肉兔生产性能、肠道菌群及抗氧化性能的影响
本试验将断奶仔兔324只随机分成三组,每组108只,试验Ⅰ组为对照组；试验Ⅱ组添加0.3%枯草芽孢杆菌；试验Ⅲ组添加0.6%枯草芽孢杆菌。饲喂60天后观察芽孢杆菌对肉兔死亡率、料肉比、胴体重、屠宰率、净肉率、胴体失水重、粪便pH以及粪便菌群的影响；并在试验的第30天、40天、50天、60天采集血清检测各组对肉兔抗氧化性能的影响。结果表明,肉兔饲料中添加芽孢杆菌可显著提高日增重、降低料肉比(p<0.05),显著提高肉兔屠宰率、净肉率(p<0.05),能减少肉兔胴体在冷藏后的失水重(p>0.05),降低死亡率(p>0.05),兔舍笼位三层设置对肉兔死亡率有极显著的影响(p<0.01),显著降低粪便pH(p<0.05),显著降低大肠茵群、大肠杆菌数,提高乳酸杆菌和双歧杆菌数(p<0.05),能显著提高肉兔抗氧化性能(p<0.05或p<0.01)
试验2不同硒源对肉兔生产与抗氧化性能的影响
本试验将断奶仔兔432只随机分成四组,每组108只。试验Ⅰ组为对照组,试验Ⅱ组添加含硒量为0.3mg/kg亚硒酸钠,试验Ⅲ组添加含硒量为0.3mg/kg酵母硒,试验Ⅳ组添加含硒量为0.3mg/kg蛋氨酸硒。饲喂60天后观察亚硒酸钠、蛋氨酸硒、酵母硒对肉兔死亡率、料肉比、屠宰率、净肉率、胴体失水重、胸肌硒含量、肝脏硒含量的影响；并在试验的第30天、40天、50天、60天采集血清检测各组对肉兔抗氧化性能的影响。结果说明,肉兔饲料添加亚硒酸钠、蛋氨酸硒、酵母硒极显著提高日增重(p<0.01)、能显著降低料重比(p<0.05),能显著提高屠宰率(p<0.05或p<0.01)、对净肉率有提高趋势(p>0.05),能极显著减少肉兔胴体在冷藏后的失水重(p<0.01),降低死亡率(p>0.05),兔舍笼位三层设置对肉兔死亡率有极显著的影响(P<0.01),显著提高胸肌和肝脏硒含量(p<0.05),能显著提高肉兔抗氧化性能(p<0.05或p<0.01)
试验3枯草芽孢杆菌与蛋氨酸硒联合应用对肉兔生长性能、肠道茵群及抗氧化性能的影响
本试验将断奶仔兔432只随机分成四组,每组108只。试验Ⅰ组为对照组；试验Ⅱ组添加0.3%枯草芽孢杆菌；试验Ⅲ组添加含硒量为0.3mg/kg蛋氨酸硒；试验Ⅳ组混合添加含硒量为0.3mg/kg蛋氨酸硒和0.3%枯草芽孢杆菌。饲喂60天后观察各组对日增重肉料肉比、屠宰率、净肉率、死亡率、胴体失水重、粪便pH、粪便茵群、后腿肌硒含量、肾脏硒含量的影响；并在试验的第30天、40天、50天、60天采集血清检测各组对肉兔抗氧化性能的影响。结果说明,肉兔饲料中添加芽孢杆菌有提高日增重、降低料肉比的趋势(p>0.05),蛋氨酸硒可显著提高日增重、降低料肉比(p<0.05),混合组能显著提高日增重(p<0.05)、极显著降低料肉比(p<0.01)；混合组能显著提高屠宰率和净肉率(p<0.05),芽孢杆菌、蛋氨酸硒有提高屠宰率和净肉率趋势(p>0.05)；混合组能极显著减少肉兔胴体在冷藏后的失水重(p<0.01),芽孢杆菌、蛋氨酸硒能显著减少肉兔胴体在冷藏后的失水重(p<0.05)；芽孢杆菌、蛋氨酸硒、混合添加有降低肉兔死亡率作用(p>0.05)；兔舍笼位三层设置对肉兔死亡率有极显著的影响(p<0.01)；蛋氨酸硒、混合组显著提高后腿肌和肾脏硒含量(p<0.05)；芽孢杆菌、蛋氨酸硒及混合组能显著降低粪便pH(p<0.05),显著降低大肠茵群、大肠杆菌数,提高乳酸杆菌和双歧杆菌数(p<0.05),能显著提高肉兔抗氧化性能(p<0.05或p<0.01)
试验4枯草芽孢杆菌、酵母硒联合应用对肉兔生产性能、肠道茵群及抗氧化性能的影响
本试验将断奶仔兔792只随机分成四组,每组198只。试验Ⅰ组为对照组,饲喂肉兔料；试验Ⅱ组添加0.3%枯草芽孢杆菌；试验Ⅲ组添加含硒量为0.3mg/kg酵母硒；试验Ⅳ组饲混合添加含硒量为0.3mg/kg酵母硒和0.3%枯草芽孢杆菌。饲喂60天后观察各组对日增重肉、料重比、屠宰率、净肉率、死亡率、胴体失水重、粪便pH、粪便菌群、背最长肌硒含量、心脏硒含量的影响；并在试验的第30天、40天、50天、60天采集血清检测各组对肉兔抗氧化性能的影响。结果说明,肉兔饲料中添加芽孢杆菌可降低料重比(p<0.05),酵母硒、混合组可显著提高日增重、降低料重比(p<0.05)；混合组能极显著提高屠宰率和净肉率(p<0.01),芽孢杆茵、酵母硒能显著提高净肉率(p<0.05)；混合组、酵母硒能极显著减少肉兔胴体在冷藏后的失水重(p<0.01)；芽孢杆菌、酵母硒及混合添加有降低肉兔死亡率作用(p>0.05)；兔舍笼位三层设置对肉兔死亡率有极显著的影响(p<0.01)；酵母硒、混合组显著提高背最长肌和心脏硒含量(p<0.05)；芽孢杆菌、酵母硒及混合组能显著降低粪便pH(p<0.05),极显著降低大肠菌群、大肠杆菌数,提高乳酸杆菌和双歧杆菌数(p<0.01),能显著提高肉兔抗氧化性能(p<0.05或p<0.01)
Selenium (Se) is an essential trace element for anti-oxidation, anti-stress, improving animal growth, improving foodstuff utility value, improving immunity, reducing animal death rate etc. There is wide use of organic Se instead of inorganic Se in animal diet, because organic selenium has advantage of higher bioavailability, lower toxicity and less potential environmental pollution.
Probiotics are beneficial microorganisms for improving the beneficial microorganisms growth, balance of colonic microbiota, secretion of digestive enzyme, improving absorption of nutrient, increasing foodstuff utility value, improving immunity and ability of anti-disease, reducing animal death rate etc. There has been wide use as additive.
In this paper, selenomethionine, selenium-enriched yeast and Bacillus subtilis were used as additive to study its effect on growth performance, enhancing immunity and preventing diseases on rabbit, and to clarify its mechanisms.
Experiment1. The effect of different concentrations of Bacillus subtilis on rabbit growth performance, stool microflora and antioxidation function
324chosen rabbits were divided into3groups randomly. The rabbit in the control groups I were fed with normal diet, the rabbits in the experimental groups II were fed normal diet with0.3%Bacillus subtilis, the rabbits in the experimental groups III were fed normal diet with0.6%Bacillus subtilis. The experimental period was60days. Results suggest that feeding with Bacillufeed significantly increased day weight gain and feed conversion; significantly increased dressing percentage and meat percentage;reduced the water loss in weight after cold storage; reduced mortality. Rabbit cage of three floors have extreme effect on mortality; significantly reduced stool pH.microflora and Escherichia coli,significantly increased Bifidobacterium and Lactobacterium; significantly improved antioxidation function.
Experiment2. The effect of different selenium resources on rabbit growth performance and antioxidation function
432chosen rabbits were divided into4groups randomly. The rabbit in the control groups Ⅰ were fed with normal diet, the rabbits in the experimental groups Ⅱ were fed normal diet with0.3mg/kg sodium selenite,the rabbits in the experimental groups Ⅲ were fed normal diet with0.3mg/kg Se-enriched yeast, the rabbits in the experimental groups Ⅳ were fed normal diet with0.3mg/kg Selenomethionine. The experimental period was60days. Results suggest that feeding with sodium selenite, Se-enriched yeast and Selenomethionine significantly increased feed conversion, extreme increased day weight gain; significantly increased dressing percentage;extreme reduced the water loss in weight after cold storage; reduced mortality; Rabbit cage of three floors have an extreme effect on mortality. Significantly increased selenium content in rabbit Pectoralis muscles and Liver; Significantly improved antioxidation function.
Experiment3. The effect of Bacillus Subtilis and selenomethionine on rabbit growth performance, stool microflora and antioxidation function
432chosen rabbits were divided into4groups randomly. The rabbit in the control groups Ⅰ were fed with normal diet, the rabbits in the experimental groups Ⅱ were fed normal diet with0.3%Bacillus Subtilis.the rabbits in the experimental groups III were fed normal diet with0.3mg/kg Selenomethionine, the rabbits in the experimental groups IV were fed normal diet with0.3%Bacillus Subtilis and0.4%Bacillus Subtilis. The rabbits in the experimental groups IV were fed normal diet with0.3mg/kg Selenomethionine and0.3%Bacillus Subtilis. The experimental period was60days. Results suggest that feeding with Selenomethionine significantly increased day weight gain and feed conversion; the mix groups significantly increased day weight gain, dressing percentage and meat percentage extreme increased feed conversion and reduced the water loss in weight after cold storage; Bacillus Subtilis and Selenomethionine significantly reduced the water loss in weight after cold storage; Bacillus Subtilis, Selenomethionine and mix group reduced mortality; Rabbit cage of three floors had an significantly effect on mortality; Selenomethionine and mix groupsignificantly increased selenium content in rabbit hind leg muscles and kidney; Bacillus Subtilis, Selenomethionine and mix group significantly reduced stool pH,microflora and Escherichia coli,significantly increased Bifidobacterium and Lactobacterium; significantly improved antioxidation function.
Experiment4. The effect of Bacillus Subtilis and selenium-enriched yeast on rabbit growth performance, stool microflora and antioxidation function
792chosen rabbits were divided into4groups randomly. The rabbit in the control groups Ⅰ were fed with normal diet, the rabbits in the experimental groups Ⅱ were fed normal diet with0.3%Bacillus Subtilis, the rabbits in the experimental groups Ⅲ were fed normal diet with0.3mg/kg Se-enriched yeast The rabbits in the experimental groups Ⅳ were fed normal diet with0.3mg/kg Se-enriched yeast and0.3%Bacillus Subtilis.The experimental period was60days. Results suggest that feeding with Bacillus Subtilis significantly increased feed conversion, Se-enriched yeast and the mix group significantly increased day weight gain and feed conversion; the mix group extreme increased dressing percentage and meat percentage, Bacillus Subtilis and Se-enriched yeast significantly increased meat percentage; Se-enriched yeast and the mix group extreme reduced the water loss in weight after cold storage; Bacillus Subtilis, Se-enriched yeast and the mix group reduced mortality; Rabbit cage of three floors had an extreme effect on mortality; Se-enriched yeast and the mix group significantly increased selenium content in rabbit longissimus dorsi and heart; Bacillus Subtilis, Se-enriched yeast and mix group significantly reduced stool pH, extreme reduced microflora and Escherichia coli, extreme increased Bifidobacterium and Lactobacterium, significantly improved antioxidation function.
引文
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