岩体变形光纤光栅传感检测的理论与方法研究
摘要
我国是世界上煤矿事故频繁发生的国家之一,而很多重大灾害的发生都是由于人们对煤岩体物理力学行为的认知缺乏所致。提高监测手段,减少灾害的发生显得尤为重要。鉴于光纤光栅传感技术的独特优点及其广阔的应用前景,借助该项技术检测岩体的变形破坏过程,研究适合于岩体的光纤光栅检测方法,对于提高人们对岩石力学行为及其变形破坏机理的认知具有非常重要的现实意义。
本论文由光纤的波动理论出发,以麦克斯韦方程组及光纤光栅传输模式的正交关系为理论依据,推证出了光纤光栅的传输理论,并得到了传感方程。通过对光纤光栅的传感实验,验证了光栅波长与应变及温度之间的线性关系,表明光纤光栅具有良好的测试性能。
提出了光纤光栅传感技术对岩体变形的测试方法,即埋入法和表面粘贴法,其中埋入法又可分为锚杆封装法、直接埋入法和钻孔注浆法。分析了埋入状态下光纤的受力特征,推导出了光纤与岩体之间的应变传递方程,得出了二者的应变传递关系。建立了光纤光栅表面粘贴时的力学传递模型,推导出了在考虑表面凹槽时的力学传递方程。在光纤及中间介质的力学参数已知时,可以求得应变传递系数,通过换算后得到岩体真实应变。
研究了采场周围水平应力分布的光纤光栅埋入式检测方法。在相似模型中埋入裸露的光纤光栅,检测采动过程中波长的变化。借助埋入法应变传递的分析结果,由波长漂移量得出光栅附近岩体的水平应力,再由多点光栅的测试即可得出应力的分布规律。结果表明,借助光纤光栅可以测出采动影响下水平应力的分布,并通过数值模拟计算,验证了测试结果。
本文在国内首次采用了光纤光栅表面粘贴法对MTS伺服机单轴压缩实验过程进行了检测。在试件的轴向和环分别布置两个光栅,以测试压缩过程中的应变变化。在同一位置附近粘贴应变片,对照实验结果。实验表明,光纤光栅测试效果明显优于应变片及MTS的环向应变计,与MTS的轴向位移计精度相当。实验说明了光纤光栅优越的测试性能,并验证了所建立表面粘贴模型的正确性。
对济宁三号煤矿风井松散层的沉降变形进行了光纤光栅埋入法检测的应用,光纤光栅的埋入采用了钻孔注浆法。分析了使用该方法时光纤光栅传感器与松散层的应变传递关系,得出了波长漂移量与应变的传递系数。经过8个月在线监测,获得了大量观测数据,经分析得出了最大沉降变形的层位,为井筒的破坏预测和及时维护提供了依据。
Our country is one of the countries that coal mine accidents often happen. Many disasters attributed to the lack of cognizance to the mechanics action of coal and rock. So, it is more important to increase the test level and reduce the accidents. For the unique character and broad foreground of fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensing, it is used in testing the course of rock deformation and damage. The monitor method adapt to rock is studied. This has very important practical meaning to increase our knowledge level of the mechanics action and the deformation and damage mechanism of rock.
In this paper, from the undulation theory, and theoretically based on Maxwellian equation and the orthogonality relation of the FBG’s transmission mode, the transmitted theory is deduced and the sensing equation is achieved. By the sensing experiment, the linearity relationship between the grating wavelength and the stain or temperature is proved, and this indicates its well testing character.
The testing method of rock deformation using FBG is present, i.e. embedding and surface pasting. The embedding method includes anchor package, immediate embedding and boring with slurry. The stress character of fiber in embedding state is analyzed. The transferring equation of strain between fiber and rock is derived, and their relationship is gotten. The transferring model of fiber sticking on the surface is established, and the equation is derived considering the surface groove.When the mechanics parameters of fiber and middle medium are known, the strain transferring coefficient can be calculated, and the real strain of rock can be gotten then.
It is studied of the embedding method with FBG testing the horizontal stress distribution in rock. The naked fiber is embedded in the simulation model, and the wavelength drift during mining is monitored. With the result of strain transferring analysis, the horizontal stress near gratings can be gained by the drifts, and the distribution can be achieved by FBG multi-point test. The result indicates that the stress can be tested by FBG, and this can be proved by numerical simulation.
The test of rock uniaxial compression in MTS by the surface pasting of FBG is firstly conducted in our country in this paper. To monitor the strain change of the sample under compression, two gratings are stuck on the surface respectively along axial and radial direction. To compare the result, the electrical strain gauges are pasted on the same position. The result indicates that the testing effection of FBG is obviously better than the electrical strain gauges and the radial strain gauge of MTS, and coincident with MTS’axial displacement gauge. The experiment illuminates the good test capability of FBG, and validates the established transferring model of surface pasting.
The monitoring to the subsidence of unconsolidated soil layers around the shaft in Jisan Coal Mine with FBG embedding is applied, and the boring method is used. The transferring relationship between the sensors and soil layers is analyzed, and the corresponding coefficient of wavelength and strain is derived. By 8 monthes monitoring, many observation data are gained, and the layer with the biggest subsidence is known form the analysis to the data.This provides the necessary guidance for damage forecast and maintenance timely of the shaft.
本论文由光纤的波动理论出发,以麦克斯韦方程组及光纤光栅传输模式的正交关系为理论依据,推证出了光纤光栅的传输理论,并得到了传感方程。通过对光纤光栅的传感实验,验证了光栅波长与应变及温度之间的线性关系,表明光纤光栅具有良好的测试性能。
提出了光纤光栅传感技术对岩体变形的测试方法,即埋入法和表面粘贴法,其中埋入法又可分为锚杆封装法、直接埋入法和钻孔注浆法。分析了埋入状态下光纤的受力特征,推导出了光纤与岩体之间的应变传递方程,得出了二者的应变传递关系。建立了光纤光栅表面粘贴时的力学传递模型,推导出了在考虑表面凹槽时的力学传递方程。在光纤及中间介质的力学参数已知时,可以求得应变传递系数,通过换算后得到岩体真实应变。
研究了采场周围水平应力分布的光纤光栅埋入式检测方法。在相似模型中埋入裸露的光纤光栅,检测采动过程中波长的变化。借助埋入法应变传递的分析结果,由波长漂移量得出光栅附近岩体的水平应力,再由多点光栅的测试即可得出应力的分布规律。结果表明,借助光纤光栅可以测出采动影响下水平应力的分布,并通过数值模拟计算,验证了测试结果。
本文在国内首次采用了光纤光栅表面粘贴法对MTS伺服机单轴压缩实验过程进行了检测。在试件的轴向和环分别布置两个光栅,以测试压缩过程中的应变变化。在同一位置附近粘贴应变片,对照实验结果。实验表明,光纤光栅测试效果明显优于应变片及MTS的环向应变计,与MTS的轴向位移计精度相当。实验说明了光纤光栅优越的测试性能,并验证了所建立表面粘贴模型的正确性。
对济宁三号煤矿风井松散层的沉降变形进行了光纤光栅埋入法检测的应用,光纤光栅的埋入采用了钻孔注浆法。分析了使用该方法时光纤光栅传感器与松散层的应变传递关系,得出了波长漂移量与应变的传递系数。经过8个月在线监测,获得了大量观测数据,经分析得出了最大沉降变形的层位,为井筒的破坏预测和及时维护提供了依据。
Our country is one of the countries that coal mine accidents often happen. Many disasters attributed to the lack of cognizance to the mechanics action of coal and rock. So, it is more important to increase the test level and reduce the accidents. For the unique character and broad foreground of fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensing, it is used in testing the course of rock deformation and damage. The monitor method adapt to rock is studied. This has very important practical meaning to increase our knowledge level of the mechanics action and the deformation and damage mechanism of rock.
In this paper, from the undulation theory, and theoretically based on Maxwellian equation and the orthogonality relation of the FBG’s transmission mode, the transmitted theory is deduced and the sensing equation is achieved. By the sensing experiment, the linearity relationship between the grating wavelength and the stain or temperature is proved, and this indicates its well testing character.
The testing method of rock deformation using FBG is present, i.e. embedding and surface pasting. The embedding method includes anchor package, immediate embedding and boring with slurry. The stress character of fiber in embedding state is analyzed. The transferring equation of strain between fiber and rock is derived, and their relationship is gotten. The transferring model of fiber sticking on the surface is established, and the equation is derived considering the surface groove.When the mechanics parameters of fiber and middle medium are known, the strain transferring coefficient can be calculated, and the real strain of rock can be gotten then.
It is studied of the embedding method with FBG testing the horizontal stress distribution in rock. The naked fiber is embedded in the simulation model, and the wavelength drift during mining is monitored. With the result of strain transferring analysis, the horizontal stress near gratings can be gained by the drifts, and the distribution can be achieved by FBG multi-point test. The result indicates that the stress can be tested by FBG, and this can be proved by numerical simulation.
The test of rock uniaxial compression in MTS by the surface pasting of FBG is firstly conducted in our country in this paper. To monitor the strain change of the sample under compression, two gratings are stuck on the surface respectively along axial and radial direction. To compare the result, the electrical strain gauges are pasted on the same position. The result indicates that the testing effection of FBG is obviously better than the electrical strain gauges and the radial strain gauge of MTS, and coincident with MTS’axial displacement gauge. The experiment illuminates the good test capability of FBG, and validates the established transferring model of surface pasting.
The monitoring to the subsidence of unconsolidated soil layers around the shaft in Jisan Coal Mine with FBG embedding is applied, and the boring method is used. The transferring relationship between the sensors and soil layers is analyzed, and the corresponding coefficient of wavelength and strain is derived. By 8 monthes monitoring, many observation data are gained, and the layer with the biggest subsidence is known form the analysis to the data.This provides the necessary guidance for damage forecast and maintenance timely of the shaft.
引文
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