文物古迹保护与开发的博弈分析
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摘要
文物古迹旅游的合理开发，能够更好地实现文物古迹的经济效益、社会效益和环境效益，也是贯彻《文物保护法》的最终目标之一。但我国的文物古迹资源在进行旅游开发的过程中出现了超常损耗的现象，许多文物古迹资源因为旅游开发的不合理而过早的衰退，影响了我国文物古迹资源的保护和旅游业的可持续发展。本研究在对国内外文物古迹保护与开发相关理论分析基础上，结合博弈论方法，构建文物古迹经营权选择、开发方式选择以及开发后管理科学性博弈模型，探究影响文物古迹合理开发的最深层经济根源，试图通过相关制度安排与激励政策制定，来实现文物古迹保护与开发的均衡发展。除前言和结论外，本研究共分五章。
导言部分，对国内外该领域的相关研究进行系统全面的介绍，分析了本文的研究意义、预期贡献、研究内容框架以及研究方法。
第一章，对文物古迹保护与开发、博弈论的相关概念进行阐释。
第二章，从文物古迹保护与开发价值角度对文物古迹资源进行分类，并根据分类探讨不同类型文物古迹资源的保护与开发战略。对文物古迹保护与旅游开发的互动关系、文物古迹资源进行旅游开发的条件也进行了系统的说明。
第三章，通过分析管理式经营与转让式经营的优劣势、文物古迹经营权转让所应考察的因素，构建文物古迹经营权选择博弈模型，以凤凰城为案例进行实证分析，并根据模型分析结果提出管理式经营与转让式经营相应的市场监管体制与制度安排。
第四章，分析了文物古迹不同开发方式的利弊，系统考察影响文物古迹开发方式选择的相关因素，构建文物古迹开发方式选择博弈模型，认为经营者应加强开发条件论证，降低开发风险；政府应充分发挥监督管理职能，通过政策扶持与激励政策培养经营者一步到位开发偏好。
第五章，阐述了文物古迹旅游开发后科学管理的任务和目标，尝试性地建立管理科学性评价模型，并作为文物古迹旅游区管理科学性博弈模型的构建基础，讨论科学管理的制度安排与激励政策。
结论部分，对本研究的主要内容以及待研究内容进行了简要的说明。
Reasonable development of cultural relics and historic sites tourism can better to realize tourist economic benefits, social benefits and environment benefits, also is the final aim to implementing China's law for preservation of antiquity. But in china, there still existing phenomenon of over consumption of the cultural relics and historic sites tourism resources. Many cultural relics and historic sites have been early declined because of the interruption of tourism development, which influences the preservation of cultural relics and historic sites, also the sustainable development of tourism industry.
In the thesis the author uses the analysis method of game theory, constructed managerial right choices game model, development method game model and scientific management game model, investigating the economic source that causes irrational development and tries to make the stakeholders chase from personal efficiency controlled by personal reason to chase Pare-To efficiency controlled by collective reason through regimen arrangement and stimulated policies.
The thesis is composed of five chapters except for the preface and the conclusion. They are as follows:
In preface, systematic introduction about the foreign and national issues in this field is discussed.
Chapter one presents the concept about protection and development of cultural relics and historic sites, game theory.
Chapter two firstly classified cultural relics and historic sites based on the value of preservation and development, secondly discussed the strategy choices of preservation and development by the classification.
Chapter three firstly concerns on the separation of property right of cultural relics and historic sites from managerial right which discussed keener today, secondly discusses about the strength and weakness of administration management and devolution management. Thirdly constructs game model about managerial right choices and supplies some marketing supervision, administration framework and system arrangement.
Chapter four analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of the different development method and systematically investigates the influenced factors on the choices of development methods. Constructing development method choice game model, the results show that as manager, he should improve the ability of development condition proof, and the government should undergo the supervision and administration role.
Chapter five is about the duty and aim of scientific management after development of cultural relics and historic sites. Probing on the construction of scientific management evaluation model, Based on this to construct scientific management game model and put forward some suggestions to prevent over development.
Conclusion summaries views of the author and the questions need thorough study of the thesis.
导言部分，对国内外该领域的相关研究进行系统全面的介绍，分析了本文的研究意义、预期贡献、研究内容框架以及研究方法。
第一章，对文物古迹保护与开发、博弈论的相关概念进行阐释。
第二章，从文物古迹保护与开发价值角度对文物古迹资源进行分类，并根据分类探讨不同类型文物古迹资源的保护与开发战略。对文物古迹保护与旅游开发的互动关系、文物古迹资源进行旅游开发的条件也进行了系统的说明。
第三章，通过分析管理式经营与转让式经营的优劣势、文物古迹经营权转让所应考察的因素，构建文物古迹经营权选择博弈模型，以凤凰城为案例进行实证分析，并根据模型分析结果提出管理式经营与转让式经营相应的市场监管体制与制度安排。
第四章，分析了文物古迹不同开发方式的利弊，系统考察影响文物古迹开发方式选择的相关因素，构建文物古迹开发方式选择博弈模型，认为经营者应加强开发条件论证，降低开发风险；政府应充分发挥监督管理职能，通过政策扶持与激励政策培养经营者一步到位开发偏好。
第五章，阐述了文物古迹旅游开发后科学管理的任务和目标，尝试性地建立管理科学性评价模型，并作为文物古迹旅游区管理科学性博弈模型的构建基础，讨论科学管理的制度安排与激励政策。
结论部分，对本研究的主要内容以及待研究内容进行了简要的说明。
Reasonable development of cultural relics and historic sites tourism can better to realize tourist economic benefits, social benefits and environment benefits, also is the final aim to implementing China's law for preservation of antiquity. But in china, there still existing phenomenon of over consumption of the cultural relics and historic sites tourism resources. Many cultural relics and historic sites have been early declined because of the interruption of tourism development, which influences the preservation of cultural relics and historic sites, also the sustainable development of tourism industry.
In the thesis the author uses the analysis method of game theory, constructed managerial right choices game model, development method game model and scientific management game model, investigating the economic source that causes irrational development and tries to make the stakeholders chase from personal efficiency controlled by personal reason to chase Pare-To efficiency controlled by collective reason through regimen arrangement and stimulated policies.
The thesis is composed of five chapters except for the preface and the conclusion. They are as follows:
In preface, systematic introduction about the foreign and national issues in this field is discussed.
Chapter one presents the concept about protection and development of cultural relics and historic sites, game theory.
Chapter two firstly classified cultural relics and historic sites based on the value of preservation and development, secondly discussed the strategy choices of preservation and development by the classification.
Chapter three firstly concerns on the separation of property right of cultural relics and historic sites from managerial right which discussed keener today, secondly discusses about the strength and weakness of administration management and devolution management. Thirdly constructs game model about managerial right choices and supplies some marketing supervision, administration framework and system arrangement.
Chapter four analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of the different development method and systematically investigates the influenced factors on the choices of development methods. Constructing development method choice game model, the results show that as manager, he should improve the ability of development condition proof, and the government should undergo the supervision and administration role.
Chapter five is about the duty and aim of scientific management after development of cultural relics and historic sites. Probing on the construction of scientific management evaluation model, Based on this to construct scientific management game model and put forward some suggestions to prevent over development.
Conclusion summaries views of the author and the questions need thorough study of the thesis.
引文
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[2] 阎友兵．试论发展旅游与文物保护的关系[J]．湘潭大学学报，1996(1)：91-93
[3] 郑向敏．泉州文化旅游资源开发利用分析[C]．区域旅游开发与旅游业发展．地质出版社，1998，8：36-39
[4] 梁明珠．广州古迹旅游资源开发新探[J]．经济地理，2000(6)：110-114
[5] 郑耀星．试论历史名胜九日山被湮没文化的旅游再开发[J]．经济地理，2000(5)：112-115
[6] 潘宝明．历史文化名城的文物保护与旅游发展[J]．旅游学刊，1999(3)：51-53
[7] 中国旅游统计年鉴[S]．中国旅游出版社，2000：511-512
[8] 林永框．遗产保护必须走创新之路[N]，中国旅游报，200-09-03
[9] 梁正宁．论我国风景名胜区的市场化经营[J]．北京第二外国语学院学报，2003．4：48-56
[10] 钟勉．试论旅游资源所有权与经营权相分离[J]．旅游学刊，2002．4：23-26
[11] 田喜洲．旅游市场效率及其博弈分析[J]．旅游学刊，2003．6：57-60
[12] 史晓玲．探析景区产品的市场化问题[J]．旅游学刊，2003．6：60-65
[13] 吴文智．旅游地的保护和开发研究[J]．旅游学刊，2002．6：49-53
[14] 徐嵩龄．中国的世界遗产管理之路-黄山模式读者评价及其更新(上)[J]．旅游学刊，2003．2：10-18
[15] 徐嵩龄．中国的世界遗产管理之路-黄山模式读者评价及其更新(中)[J]．旅游学刊，2003．2：44-50
[16] 徐嵩龄．中国的世界遗产管理之路-黄山模式读者评价及其更新(下)[J]．旅游学刊，2003．2：52-58
[17] 黄秋昊，赵媛．试论旅游资源开发中的政府管制[J]．北京第二外国语学院学报，2003．3：44-47
[18] 田世政．论中国旅游行业管理制度的改革[J]．西南师范大学学报(人文社科版)，2003．4
[19] 魏小安等．发展旅游和遗产保护能否“双赢”(上)——关于中国世界遗产资源保护、开发与旅游业发展相互关系的分析[N]．中国旅游报，2002-12-11
[20] 魏小安等．发展旅游和遗产保护能否“双赢”(下)——关于中国世界遗产资源保护、开发与旅游业发展相互关系的分析[N]．中国旅游报，2002-12-18
[21] 刘昌雪，汪德根．皖南古村落可持续旅游发展限制性因素探析[J]．旅游学刊，2003．6：100-105
[22] 张伟，吴必虎．利益主体(Stakebolder)理论在区域旅游规划中的应用
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