厦门历史风貌保护工程南薰楼的加固改造研究
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摘要
集美学村的建筑多融合西洋风格与中国传统风格，即西洋式的屋身、中国闽南式的宫式琉璃瓦屋顶，并融合了园林、绘画、雕刻等多种艺术形式，深具历史价值、艺术价值和科学价值。然而，这些辉煌的建筑由于建设年代久远，很多已成为古旧建筑。由于年久失修，以及长期以来缺乏保护规划，不少优秀风貌建筑被拆毁或遭破坏性改造，保护集美学村风貌建筑已是十分紧迫的任务。集美中学南薰楼是陈嘉庚先生所建的具有典型嘉庚风格的代表性建筑之一，现在它是集美以及厦门市的标志性建筑之一。
本文针对具体的实际工程——南熏楼修缮加固工程，充分利用结构破损和非破损检测技术，科学地进行可靠性鉴定，在对建筑物进行检测、试验和鉴定的基础上，及时采取补强、加固及其他处理措施，以取得较好的经济和社会效益。论文主要作了如下的工作：
① 通过对南熏楼的现场查勘与检测，找出该楼存在的问题。如确定南熏楼的沉降和倾斜规律，检测钢筋的锈蚀性，检测混凝土强度以及碳化深度等等。
② 根据抽样检测结果确定结构验算的材料强度取值，实现混凝土结构验算及可靠性评级、木结构分析及可靠性评级、砌体结构分析及可靠性评级以及地基基础得的分析及可靠性评级。从而实现了对该楼整个结构的抗震性能评级、耐久性评级、可靠度评级，最后得出该楼的适修性评级。
③ 论文对南熏楼的各种加固方案进行分析比较，提出合理、经济、安全的结构加固方案。
④ 按照“修旧如旧”的原则实现了照旧色做旧，使新旧构件的色泽差别谐调。依据上述原则，论文实现了基础加固施工方案，主体结构加固施工方案、剪力墙加固施工方案、楼板拆除支撑和砼施工方案、支撑布置方案、高层主体结构转换层施工方案、木屋盖拆除方案以及特殊加固工程施工技术如粘钢加固、碳纤维布加固、墙面钢丝网加固等。
通过对集美中学南薰楼的鉴定，加固施工方案设计，提出对旧建筑的鉴定、检查及加固改造的技术措施和方法。论文提出的全面而又系统的建筑物改造和维修加固的经验和方法不仅具有较强的理论意义而且具有极大的实践价值，具体的方案还可供同类工程参考。
The architectures of JIMEIXUE village have both the style of Occident and the style of Chinese tradition, which have the Occidentalism body and the Chinese MINGNAN COLOURED coloured glaze roof. They have many art forms including gardens, painting, sculpt and so on, which possess history value and art value and academic value. Nevertheless, those splendent buildings become old architectures. Protecting those old architectures of the JIMEIXUE village becomes an imperative task at present. The NANXUN building is the typical building of JIAGENG style, which is the symbol building of the XIAMEN city.
The technology of structural disrepair and repair is used on the actual project-NANXUN building. Based on the checking and testing and appraising the architectures, the measure is taken to strengthening and reinforcing the building, and so the economical and social benefit is obtained. The study in this paper is focused on the following aspects:
(1).The problem of the building is found out by checking and examining the NANXUN building. The law of subside and incline is got. The rust degree of the reinforcing steel bar and the intensity and the depth of carbonization of the concrete are examined.
(2).The values of the material intensity are obtained according to the results of the sample checking. The analysis and appraise of the concrete structure, the timberwork, the bricks structure and the foundation is achieved, then the whole building appraise of the seismic performance and the wear and the reliability is carried out and the reparability of the building is graded.
(3).The different strengthening schemes are analyzed and compared, then the reasonable and economical and safe structural strengthening scheme is proposed.
(4)According to the principle of "repair as the old", the schemes of foundation strengthening, the schemes of the body structure, the schemes of the shear wall strengthening, the schemes of the floor strengthening, the schemes of the brace layout, the schemes of the switch floor construction and special strengthening scheme such as carbon fiber, the wall steel wire grid strengthening are achieved in this paper.
According to the appraise and the of strengthening design the NanXun building of the JIMEIXUE middle school, the measure and method of appraising and checking and strengthening the old building are proposed. The experiences and methods of appraise and maintain in this paper have strong academic meaning and great practice value. The detail schemes can be referred by the similar project.
本文针对具体的实际工程——南熏楼修缮加固工程，充分利用结构破损和非破损检测技术，科学地进行可靠性鉴定，在对建筑物进行检测、试验和鉴定的基础上，及时采取补强、加固及其他处理措施，以取得较好的经济和社会效益。论文主要作了如下的工作：
① 通过对南熏楼的现场查勘与检测，找出该楼存在的问题。如确定南熏楼的沉降和倾斜规律，检测钢筋的锈蚀性，检测混凝土强度以及碳化深度等等。
② 根据抽样检测结果确定结构验算的材料强度取值，实现混凝土结构验算及可靠性评级、木结构分析及可靠性评级、砌体结构分析及可靠性评级以及地基基础得的分析及可靠性评级。从而实现了对该楼整个结构的抗震性能评级、耐久性评级、可靠度评级，最后得出该楼的适修性评级。
③ 论文对南熏楼的各种加固方案进行分析比较，提出合理、经济、安全的结构加固方案。
④ 按照“修旧如旧”的原则实现了照旧色做旧，使新旧构件的色泽差别谐调。依据上述原则，论文实现了基础加固施工方案，主体结构加固施工方案、剪力墙加固施工方案、楼板拆除支撑和砼施工方案、支撑布置方案、高层主体结构转换层施工方案、木屋盖拆除方案以及特殊加固工程施工技术如粘钢加固、碳纤维布加固、墙面钢丝网加固等。
通过对集美中学南薰楼的鉴定，加固施工方案设计，提出对旧建筑的鉴定、检查及加固改造的技术措施和方法。论文提出的全面而又系统的建筑物改造和维修加固的经验和方法不仅具有较强的理论意义而且具有极大的实践价值，具体的方案还可供同类工程参考。
The architectures of JIMEIXUE village have both the style of Occident and the style of Chinese tradition, which have the Occidentalism body and the Chinese MINGNAN COLOURED coloured glaze roof. They have many art forms including gardens, painting, sculpt and so on, which possess history value and art value and academic value. Nevertheless, those splendent buildings become old architectures. Protecting those old architectures of the JIMEIXUE village becomes an imperative task at present. The NANXUN building is the typical building of JIAGENG style, which is the symbol building of the XIAMEN city.
The technology of structural disrepair and repair is used on the actual project-NANXUN building. Based on the checking and testing and appraising the architectures, the measure is taken to strengthening and reinforcing the building, and so the economical and social benefit is obtained. The study in this paper is focused on the following aspects:
(1).The problem of the building is found out by checking and examining the NANXUN building. The law of subside and incline is got. The rust degree of the reinforcing steel bar and the intensity and the depth of carbonization of the concrete are examined.
(2).The values of the material intensity are obtained according to the results of the sample checking. The analysis and appraise of the concrete structure, the timberwork, the bricks structure and the foundation is achieved, then the whole building appraise of the seismic performance and the wear and the reliability is carried out and the reparability of the building is graded.
(3).The different strengthening schemes are analyzed and compared, then the reasonable and economical and safe structural strengthening scheme is proposed.
(4)According to the principle of "repair as the old", the schemes of foundation strengthening, the schemes of the body structure, the schemes of the shear wall strengthening, the schemes of the floor strengthening, the schemes of the brace layout, the schemes of the switch floor construction and special strengthening scheme such as carbon fiber, the wall steel wire grid strengthening are achieved in this paper.
According to the appraise and the of strengthening design the NanXun building of the JIMEIXUE middle school, the measure and method of appraising and checking and strengthening the old building are proposed. The experiences and methods of appraise and maintain in this paper have strong academic meaning and great practice value. The detail schemes can be referred by the similar project.
引文
[1] 《民用建筑可靠性鉴定标准》CB 50292-1999，建筑工业出版社，北京：1990
[2] 《建筑抗震设计规范》CB50011-2001，建筑工业出版社，北京：1990
[3] 《砌体结构设计规范》CBJ 3-88，建筑工业出版社，北京：1990
[4] 《石结构房屋抗震设计规范》(DBJ13．11．93)，建筑工业出版社，北京：1990
[5] 《建筑变形测量规程》JCJ／T 8-97，建筑工业出版社，北京：1990
[6] 福建省建设工程检测签定中心的“南薰楼抗震检测鉴定报告”。
[7] 厦门地质地质工程勘察院提供的“南薰楼岩土工程勘察报告”。
[8] 抗震设计规范 GB50011-2001，建筑工业出版社，北京：1990
[9] 建筑抗震加固技术规范JGJ116-98，建筑工业出版社，北京：1990
[10] 既有建筑地基基础加固技术规范 JGJ123．2000，建筑工业出版社，北京：1990
[11] 混凝土结构加固技术规范 CECS 25：90，建筑工业出版社，北京：1990
[12] 建筑结构荷载规范GB5009-2001，建筑工业出版社，北京：1990
[13] 张永钧，叶书麟，既有建筑地基基础加固工程实例应用手册，建筑工业出版社，北京：1990
[14] 张熙光，王俊孙，刘惠珊，建筑抗震鉴定加固手册，建筑工业出版社，北京：1990
[15] 建筑物改造与病害处理，唐业清等，建筑工业出版社，北京：1990
[16] 郭继武，建筑抗震设计，高等教育出版社，1990．10
[17] 王勖成，邵敏，有限单元法基本原理和数值方法，清华大学出版社，1997．3
[18] 俞载道．曹国敖，随机振动理论及其应用，同济大学出版社
[19] 蒋国澄、米祥友、彭安宁等编，基础工程400例(技术与经济观点)(上册)，北京：中国科学技术出版社，1995
[20] 中国计划出版社编，《建筑地基与土工试验标准规范条文说明汇编》，北京：中国计划出版社，1996
[21] 赵西安编，钢筋混凝土高层建筑结构设计，北京：中国建筑工业出版社，1995
[22] 曾昭豪编，房屋结构设计手册，北京：中国建材工业出版社，1997
[23] Thirsty Floors Hang from Core branches. Eng. New Record, 1968(11):34～34
[24] F. Hart et al. Multio-Sorey Building in Steel. Granada Publishing Ltd, London, 1978
[25] 建筑结构荷载规范GB5009-2001
[26] 张永钧，叶书麟，既有建筑地基基础加固工程实例应用手册，建筑工业出版社，
北京：1990
[27] 张熙光，王俊孙，刘惠珊，建筑抗震鉴定加固手册，建筑工业出版社，北京：1990
[28] 建筑物改造与病害处理，唐业清等，建筑工业出版社，北京：1990
[29] 郭继武，建筑抗震设计，高等教育出版社，1990．10
[30] 王勖成，邵敏，有限单元法基本原理和数值方法，清华大学出版社，1997．3
[31] 俞载道，曹国敖，随机振动理论及其应用，同济大学出版社
[32] 赵西安编，钢筋混凝土高层建筑结构设计，北京：中国建筑工业出版社，1995
[33] 曾昭豪编，房屋结构设计手册，北京：中国建材工业出版社，1997
[34] Remain Structural Capacity IABSE COLLOQUIUM COPENHAGEN.
[35] Reliablility and Risk Founction for Deteriorated Structures, IABSE, SYMPOSION LISBON, 1989
[36] International Symposion on Concrete Engineering (New Technologies an Develoments), Nanjing,China, 1991
[37] Jorg.Schneider, Some Thoughts on the Reliability Assessment of Engineering International: 1992. 1
[38] 工程结构可靠性，全国第三届学术交流会论文集，南京，1992．4
[39] 混凝土结构基本理论及应用，第二届学术讨论会论文集，北京：清华大学，1990．4
[40] Bresier.BHanson.J.M. Comartin C.D, Pratical Evaluation of Structural Reliablility, 1980
[41] Kudder R,Private Communication 20,April, 1997
[42] James.T.P.Yao,Safety and Reliablity of Existing Structures, 1985
[43] CulVer, C.G.Natural Hazards Evaluation of Existing Buildings, 1975
[44] Freudenthal. A.M, Safety of Structure,1947
[45] Freudenthal, A.M. Garrelts,J.M, and Shinezuka.M, The analysis of structural safety, 1966
[46] Hart.G.C,Delt osto.R, Damage evaluation using reliablility indices. 1981
[47] Filzimns.N, Techniques for investigating structure reliability, 1981.
[48] Meyer.c, rzounmandis.s, Earthquake reliability of reinforced concrete buildings. 1981
[49] Y.S.Feng. A Method for Computing Structural System Reliability with High Accuracy, 1989
[50] 胡聿贤，地震工程学，地震出版社，1988
[51] 王光远，建筑结构的振动，科学出版社，1978
[52] 星谷胜，随机振动分析，地震出版社，1977
[2] 《建筑抗震设计规范》CB50011-2001，建筑工业出版社，北京：1990
[3] 《砌体结构设计规范》CBJ 3-88，建筑工业出版社，北京：1990
[4] 《石结构房屋抗震设计规范》(DBJ13．11．93)，建筑工业出版社，北京：1990
[5] 《建筑变形测量规程》JCJ／T 8-97，建筑工业出版社，北京：1990
[6] 福建省建设工程检测签定中心的“南薰楼抗震检测鉴定报告”。
[7] 厦门地质地质工程勘察院提供的“南薰楼岩土工程勘察报告”。
[8] 抗震设计规范 GB50011-2001，建筑工业出版社，北京：1990
[9] 建筑抗震加固技术规范JGJ116-98，建筑工业出版社，北京：1990
[10] 既有建筑地基基础加固技术规范 JGJ123．2000，建筑工业出版社，北京：1990
[11] 混凝土结构加固技术规范 CECS 25：90，建筑工业出版社，北京：1990
[12] 建筑结构荷载规范GB5009-2001，建筑工业出版社，北京：1990
[13] 张永钧，叶书麟，既有建筑地基基础加固工程实例应用手册，建筑工业出版社，北京：1990
[14] 张熙光，王俊孙，刘惠珊，建筑抗震鉴定加固手册，建筑工业出版社，北京：1990
[15] 建筑物改造与病害处理，唐业清等，建筑工业出版社，北京：1990
[16] 郭继武，建筑抗震设计，高等教育出版社，1990．10
[17] 王勖成，邵敏，有限单元法基本原理和数值方法，清华大学出版社，1997．3
[18] 俞载道．曹国敖，随机振动理论及其应用，同济大学出版社
[19] 蒋国澄、米祥友、彭安宁等编，基础工程400例(技术与经济观点)(上册)，北京：中国科学技术出版社，1995
[20] 中国计划出版社编，《建筑地基与土工试验标准规范条文说明汇编》，北京：中国计划出版社，1996
[21] 赵西安编，钢筋混凝土高层建筑结构设计，北京：中国建筑工业出版社，1995
[22] 曾昭豪编，房屋结构设计手册，北京：中国建材工业出版社，1997
[23] Thirsty Floors Hang from Core branches. Eng. New Record, 1968(11):34～34
[24] F. Hart et al. Multio-Sorey Building in Steel. Granada Publishing Ltd, London, 1978
[25] 建筑结构荷载规范GB5009-2001
[26] 张永钧，叶书麟，既有建筑地基基础加固工程实例应用手册，建筑工业出版社，
北京：1990
[27] 张熙光，王俊孙，刘惠珊，建筑抗震鉴定加固手册，建筑工业出版社，北京：1990
[28] 建筑物改造与病害处理，唐业清等，建筑工业出版社，北京：1990
[29] 郭继武，建筑抗震设计，高等教育出版社，1990．10
[30] 王勖成，邵敏，有限单元法基本原理和数值方法，清华大学出版社，1997．3
[31] 俞载道，曹国敖，随机振动理论及其应用，同济大学出版社
[32] 赵西安编，钢筋混凝土高层建筑结构设计，北京：中国建筑工业出版社，1995
[33] 曾昭豪编，房屋结构设计手册，北京：中国建材工业出版社，1997
[34] Remain Structural Capacity IABSE COLLOQUIUM COPENHAGEN.
[35] Reliablility and Risk Founction for Deteriorated Structures, IABSE, SYMPOSION LISBON, 1989
[36] International Symposion on Concrete Engineering (New Technologies an Develoments), Nanjing,China, 1991
[37] Jorg.Schneider, Some Thoughts on the Reliability Assessment of Engineering International: 1992. 1
[38] 工程结构可靠性，全国第三届学术交流会论文集，南京，1992．4
[39] 混凝土结构基本理论及应用，第二届学术讨论会论文集，北京：清华大学，1990．4
[40] Bresier.BHanson.J.M. Comartin C.D, Pratical Evaluation of Structural Reliablility, 1980
[41] Kudder R,Private Communication 20,April, 1997
[42] James.T.P.Yao,Safety and Reliablity of Existing Structures, 1985
[43] CulVer, C.G.Natural Hazards Evaluation of Existing Buildings, 1975
[44] Freudenthal. A.M, Safety of Structure,1947
[45] Freudenthal, A.M. Garrelts,J.M, and Shinezuka.M, The analysis of structural safety, 1966
[46] Hart.G.C,Delt osto.R, Damage evaluation using reliablility indices. 1981
[47] Filzimns.N, Techniques for investigating structure reliability, 1981.
[48] Meyer.c, rzounmandis.s, Earthquake reliability of reinforced concrete buildings. 1981
[49] Y.S.Feng. A Method for Computing Structural System Reliability with High Accuracy, 1989
[50] 胡聿贤，地震工程学，地震出版社，1988
[51] 王光远，建筑结构的振动，科学出版社，1978
[52] 星谷胜，随机振动分析，地震出版社，1977