高分辨SAR干扰机理与高效干扰方法研究
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摘要
高分辨合成孔径雷达(SAR)作为目前一种重要的军事侦察手段,在现代战争中的作用日益突出。因此,对高分辨SAR干扰技术的研究已经成为军事电子对抗领域中的一个重要课题。
目前,在SAR干扰方面已有大量研究成果,但是在高分辨SAR干扰研究方面,没有专门针对高分辨SAR自身特点的干扰方式,且在新的干扰理论创新方面研究滞后。本文在国家“973”项目支撑下,开展了如下研究工作:
1.基于信号特征相似性的高分辨SAR干扰机理
在分析高分辨SAR系统特点基础上,找出了高分辨SAR干扰难点。深入研究了高分辨SAR目标散射机理,回波模型,以及场景散射幅度的统计特征。提出了基于高分辨SAR回波信号特征相似性的干扰机理,定义了相似度的衡量标准。
2.常规SAR干扰方法分析
在系统分析常规SAR干扰基础上,指出了传统干扰方法的不足:由于不具有SAR信号特征相似性,功率型干扰体制所需干扰功率大,难以形成对高分辨SAR的高效干扰;欺骗干扰精确成像所需的引导参数精度要求高,且结构复杂,目前实现困难。
3.基于信号特征差异性的抗干扰方法
从相似度出发,揭示了基于信号差异性的抗干扰机理。研究了基于独立分量分析(ICA)的噪声干扰分离等抗干扰方法。利用干扰信号和目标回波信号在信号多维特征、信号形式以及统计特征的差异性,可以实现对常规干扰方法的有效抑制。
4.一种新的对高分辨SAR类杂波干扰方法
提出了一种新的对高分辨SAR高效干扰方法—类杂波干扰。该方法具有高分辨SAR回波信号相似的多维空间特征,多维调制的简化结构,对干扰功率和引导参数要求相对不高,具有可实现性。
5.宽带类杂波干扰信号生成技术
研究了去斜基带干扰信号+反去斜宽带调制方式和子带拼接方式的两种宽带类杂波干扰信号生成技术,为高分辨SAR干扰实现奠定了技术基础。
As an important military reconnaissance means, high-resolution synthetic aperture radar (SAR) plays an increasingly prominent role in modern wars. Therefore, the research on high-resolution SAR jamming has become an important topic in the field of military electronic countermeasure.
Though lots of SAR jamming methods have been proposed, none of them is based on the characteristics of high-resolution SAR. What's more, they all lack of theoretical innovations. Supported by the National "973" Project, researches are conducted in this dissertation as follows:
1. Research on the jamming theory of high-resolution SAR based on the similarityies of signal characteristics
The difficulties of high-resolution SAR jamming are revealed, based on the analysis on the high-resolution SAR system, and followed by researches on the scattering mechanism, echo model and RCS statistical characteristics of high-resolution SAR in detail. The similarity measurement is defined, and a new SAR jamming theory is proposed based on the similarity characteristics of SAR echoes.
2. Analysis on the conventional SAR jamming methods
The deficiencies of conventional methods are pointed out, through the analysis on conventional SAR jamming. Lacking of the similarities of SAR signals, high jamming power is needed in power jamming, so effective jamming is difficult to achieve. While cheating jamming is difficult to realize for its intolerably perplex structure and high precision of the system parameters.
3. Research on anti-jamming methods based on signal difference
According to the similarity measurement of the conventional SAR jamming methods , the anti-jamming theory based on signal characteristics difference is proposed. On this basis, the author researches several anti-jamming methods and proposes a new technique to separate noise jamming signals based on the Independent Component Analysis (ICA) technique. And the author finds out that using the differences between the jamming signal and the high-resolution SAR echo in the multidimensional characteristics, signal forms and scattering statistical characteristics respectively, the jamming signal can be suppressed or removed.
4. Research on a new jamming method—Similar Clutter Jamming Method A new jamming method - Similar Clutter Jamming Method (SCJM) - is presentedbased on the similarity theory of signal characteristic. The characteristic of jamming signal generated by this method is similar to that of high-resolution SAR echoes in the multidimensional spaces. Compared with other methods, SCJM has simpler structure using multidimensional modulation techniques. The experimental results indicate that this new method can be utilized in the high-resolution SAR processing gain and reduce the jamming energy greatly. Compared with cheat jamming, it can reduce the requirement for the estimation precision of the SAR system parameters, so it is easier to realize.
5. Research on the wideband jamming signal generation technology
Two wideband jamming signal generation techniques are researched in this dissertation. One is the baseband jamming signal modulation technique using the anti-deslope local frequency source to generate wideband jamming signal. The other uses narrowband signals to synthesize wideband jamming signal. The results and conclusions of the wideband jamming signal generation technique have been applied in the realization of high-resolution SAR jamming system.
目前,在SAR干扰方面已有大量研究成果,但是在高分辨SAR干扰研究方面,没有专门针对高分辨SAR自身特点的干扰方式,且在新的干扰理论创新方面研究滞后。本文在国家“973”项目支撑下,开展了如下研究工作:
1.基于信号特征相似性的高分辨SAR干扰机理
在分析高分辨SAR系统特点基础上,找出了高分辨SAR干扰难点。深入研究了高分辨SAR目标散射机理,回波模型,以及场景散射幅度的统计特征。提出了基于高分辨SAR回波信号特征相似性的干扰机理,定义了相似度的衡量标准。
2.常规SAR干扰方法分析
在系统分析常规SAR干扰基础上,指出了传统干扰方法的不足:由于不具有SAR信号特征相似性,功率型干扰体制所需干扰功率大,难以形成对高分辨SAR的高效干扰;欺骗干扰精确成像所需的引导参数精度要求高,且结构复杂,目前实现困难。
3.基于信号特征差异性的抗干扰方法
从相似度出发,揭示了基于信号差异性的抗干扰机理。研究了基于独立分量分析(ICA)的噪声干扰分离等抗干扰方法。利用干扰信号和目标回波信号在信号多维特征、信号形式以及统计特征的差异性,可以实现对常规干扰方法的有效抑制。
4.一种新的对高分辨SAR类杂波干扰方法
提出了一种新的对高分辨SAR高效干扰方法—类杂波干扰。该方法具有高分辨SAR回波信号相似的多维空间特征,多维调制的简化结构,对干扰功率和引导参数要求相对不高,具有可实现性。
5.宽带类杂波干扰信号生成技术
研究了去斜基带干扰信号+反去斜宽带调制方式和子带拼接方式的两种宽带类杂波干扰信号生成技术,为高分辨SAR干扰实现奠定了技术基础。
As an important military reconnaissance means, high-resolution synthetic aperture radar (SAR) plays an increasingly prominent role in modern wars. Therefore, the research on high-resolution SAR jamming has become an important topic in the field of military electronic countermeasure.
Though lots of SAR jamming methods have been proposed, none of them is based on the characteristics of high-resolution SAR. What's more, they all lack of theoretical innovations. Supported by the National "973" Project, researches are conducted in this dissertation as follows:
1. Research on the jamming theory of high-resolution SAR based on the similarityies of signal characteristics
The difficulties of high-resolution SAR jamming are revealed, based on the analysis on the high-resolution SAR system, and followed by researches on the scattering mechanism, echo model and RCS statistical characteristics of high-resolution SAR in detail. The similarity measurement is defined, and a new SAR jamming theory is proposed based on the similarity characteristics of SAR echoes.
2. Analysis on the conventional SAR jamming methods
The deficiencies of conventional methods are pointed out, through the analysis on conventional SAR jamming. Lacking of the similarities of SAR signals, high jamming power is needed in power jamming, so effective jamming is difficult to achieve. While cheating jamming is difficult to realize for its intolerably perplex structure and high precision of the system parameters.
3. Research on anti-jamming methods based on signal difference
According to the similarity measurement of the conventional SAR jamming methods , the anti-jamming theory based on signal characteristics difference is proposed. On this basis, the author researches several anti-jamming methods and proposes a new technique to separate noise jamming signals based on the Independent Component Analysis (ICA) technique. And the author finds out that using the differences between the jamming signal and the high-resolution SAR echo in the multidimensional characteristics, signal forms and scattering statistical characteristics respectively, the jamming signal can be suppressed or removed.
4. Research on a new jamming method—Similar Clutter Jamming Method A new jamming method - Similar Clutter Jamming Method (SCJM) - is presentedbased on the similarity theory of signal characteristic. The characteristic of jamming signal generated by this method is similar to that of high-resolution SAR echoes in the multidimensional spaces. Compared with other methods, SCJM has simpler structure using multidimensional modulation techniques. The experimental results indicate that this new method can be utilized in the high-resolution SAR processing gain and reduce the jamming energy greatly. Compared with cheat jamming, it can reduce the requirement for the estimation precision of the SAR system parameters, so it is easier to realize.
5. Research on the wideband jamming signal generation technology
Two wideband jamming signal generation techniques are researched in this dissertation. One is the baseband jamming signal modulation technique using the anti-deslope local frequency source to generate wideband jamming signal. The other uses narrowband signals to synthesize wideband jamming signal. The results and conclusions of the wideband jamming signal generation technique have been applied in the realization of high-resolution SAR jamming system.
引文
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