牵引变电所自动化系统与牵引供电MIS的信息交换与实现
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摘要
当前，牵引供电技术和运营管理技术的现代化是对电气化铁路的必然要求，微电子技术、计算机技术和网络通信技术的进步为铁路现代化的实现提供了条件，研制牵引变电所综合自动化系统和牵引供电运营管理信息系统正是应时所需。牵引变电所综合自动化系统、牵引供电运营管理信息系统及其之间的信息交换与处理在提高电气化铁路的运行和管理水平、转变设备维护与检修手段、减员增效等方面有着重要的作用。
对于信息交换而言，网络的拓扑结构和通信介质是非常重要的，直接决定着数据网络响应的实时性、通信的可靠性以及电磁兼容性等。因此，本文首先讨论了牵引变电所综合自动化系统的通信网络要求和网络结构以及综合自动化系统与管理信息系统信息交换的通信信道和网络结构。
其次，本文对牵引变电所综合自动化系统与牵引供电运营管理信息系统的交换信息内容进行了讨论并对各类信息的交换目的进行了阐述。
最后，本文对一个由两套牵引变电所综合自动化系统和一套牵引供电运营管理信息系统的通信子系统组成的实验系统完成了编程并进行了实验。在实验系统中，牵引变电所综合自动化系统内的通信管理装置利用嵌入式实时系统编程实现。通信管理装置具有承上启下的作用，主要完成3项功能：(1)按照传输规约IEC60870-5-103控制牵引变电所综合自动化系统中间隔层与变电所层的数据交换。(2)按照传输规约IEC60870-5-104完成综合自动化系统与管理信息系统的信息交换。(3)实现两种传输规约的相互转换。牵引供电运营管理信息系统的通信软件主要完成2项功能：(1)按照传输规约IEC60870-5-104完成与综合自动化系统的信息交换，通信协议为TCP/IP。(2)完成与管理信息系统中其它进程的通信，通信协议为UDP/IP。
Nowadays, it is certainly demanded for the electrified railway to modernize traction power-supply technology and management technology. With the aid of the development of micro-electronic, computer and network communication technology, it is possible to use these technologies to improve the extent of automation and increase the speed of railway modernization. So it is opportune to develop the integrated automation system(IAS) for traction substation and the traction power-supply management information system(PSMIS). IAS, PSMIS and the information exchange and processing between these two systems have important effects on some aspects, such as the running and management ability of electrified railway, the maintaining and maintenance measures of electrical equipments, the economic efficiency of traction department, and so on.
As to the information exchange, it is the network topology structure and the communication media that directly determine the performance of communication network, which include the response time, the security, the electromagnetism compatibility, and so on. So, the demand and the structure of the communication network in IAS are discussed firstly. Then the channel and the structure of the network from IAS to PSMIS are analyzed.
Secondly, the communication information between IAS and PSMIS is discussed. And the different purposes of these information are discussed.
Finally, some program and experiments are carried out for an experiment system consisted of two sets of IAS and one set of communication sub-system in PSMIS. In the experiment system, the embedded real-time system is used to realize the communication management device. The communication management device is a connecting link between the preceding and the following, which has three functions : (1) Controlling the data exchang between the middle layer and the substation layer of IAS in accordace with the
transmission protocol IEC60870-5-103. (2) Exchanging information between IAS and PSMIS in accordance with the transmission protocol IEC60870-5-104. (3) Transforming the two transmission protocols from one to another. The communication software in PSMIS has two functions: (1) Exchanging information with IAS in accordance with the transmission protocol IEC60870-5-104, which communication protocol is TCP/IP. (2) Communicating with other processes in PSMIS, which communication protocol is UDP/IP.
对于信息交换而言，网络的拓扑结构和通信介质是非常重要的，直接决定着数据网络响应的实时性、通信的可靠性以及电磁兼容性等。因此，本文首先讨论了牵引变电所综合自动化系统的通信网络要求和网络结构以及综合自动化系统与管理信息系统信息交换的通信信道和网络结构。
其次，本文对牵引变电所综合自动化系统与牵引供电运营管理信息系统的交换信息内容进行了讨论并对各类信息的交换目的进行了阐述。
最后，本文对一个由两套牵引变电所综合自动化系统和一套牵引供电运营管理信息系统的通信子系统组成的实验系统完成了编程并进行了实验。在实验系统中，牵引变电所综合自动化系统内的通信管理装置利用嵌入式实时系统编程实现。通信管理装置具有承上启下的作用，主要完成3项功能：(1)按照传输规约IEC60870-5-103控制牵引变电所综合自动化系统中间隔层与变电所层的数据交换。(2)按照传输规约IEC60870-5-104完成综合自动化系统与管理信息系统的信息交换。(3)实现两种传输规约的相互转换。牵引供电运营管理信息系统的通信软件主要完成2项功能：(1)按照传输规约IEC60870-5-104完成与综合自动化系统的信息交换，通信协议为TCP/IP。(2)完成与管理信息系统中其它进程的通信，通信协议为UDP/IP。
Nowadays, it is certainly demanded for the electrified railway to modernize traction power-supply technology and management technology. With the aid of the development of micro-electronic, computer and network communication technology, it is possible to use these technologies to improve the extent of automation and increase the speed of railway modernization. So it is opportune to develop the integrated automation system(IAS) for traction substation and the traction power-supply management information system(PSMIS). IAS, PSMIS and the information exchange and processing between these two systems have important effects on some aspects, such as the running and management ability of electrified railway, the maintaining and maintenance measures of electrical equipments, the economic efficiency of traction department, and so on.
As to the information exchange, it is the network topology structure and the communication media that directly determine the performance of communication network, which include the response time, the security, the electromagnetism compatibility, and so on. So, the demand and the structure of the communication network in IAS are discussed firstly. Then the channel and the structure of the network from IAS to PSMIS are analyzed.
Secondly, the communication information between IAS and PSMIS is discussed. And the different purposes of these information are discussed.
Finally, some program and experiments are carried out for an experiment system consisted of two sets of IAS and one set of communication sub-system in PSMIS. In the experiment system, the embedded real-time system is used to realize the communication management device. The communication management device is a connecting link between the preceding and the following, which has three functions : (1) Controlling the data exchang between the middle layer and the substation layer of IAS in accordace with the
transmission protocol IEC60870-5-103. (2) Exchanging information between IAS and PSMIS in accordance with the transmission protocol IEC60870-5-104. (3) Transforming the two transmission protocols from one to another. The communication software in PSMIS has two functions: (1) Exchanging information with IAS in accordance with the transmission protocol IEC60870-5-104, which communication protocol is TCP/IP. (2) Communicating with other processes in PSMIS, which communication protocol is UDP/IP.
引文
[1] 黄益庄．变电站综合自动化技术．中国电力出版社，2000
[2] 王常力，廖道文．集散控制系统的设计与应用，清华大学出版社，1993
[3] 陈德树．计算机继电保护原理与技术．水力电力出版社，1992
[4] 孙继荣．电网控制与管理德计算机信息系统．机械工业出版社，1991
[5] 提兆旭，陈赤陪．电力系统计算机调度自动化．上海交通大学出版社，1995
[6] 滕福生．调度自动化及信息管理系统．成都科技大学出版社，1986
[7] 钱清泉．电气化铁道微机监控技术，中国铁道出版社，2000
[8] 周之英．现代工程软件(下)．科学出版社，2000
[9] H. Kopetz. Real-Time Systems. Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1997
[10] Douglas C. Schmidt. Object Interconnections: Comparing Alternative Client-side Distributed Programming Techniques. C++ Report Magazine. 1995
[11] E. Gamma, R. Helm, R. Joson. Design Pattern: Elements of Reusable Object-Oriented Software. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley, 1995
[12] 杨文龙等．软件工程．电子工业出版社，1997
[13] 孙桂茹，赵国瑞．软件工程引论．南开大学出版社，1995
[14] 陈增荣．软件开发方法．复旦大学出版社，1997
[15] 唐任仲．工程应用软件开发技术．化学工业出版社，1999
[16] 徐正权．软件复用方法与技术．华中理工大学出版社，1998
[17] 师素娟．软件工程教程．黄河水利出版社，1999
[18] Bertrand Meyer. Object-Oriented Software Construction. New York Prentice Hall PTR, 1997
[19] 宛延凯．C++语言和面向对象的程序设计．清华大学出版社，1998
[20] 钱能．C++程序设计教程．清华大学出版社，2000
[21] Stan Schneider Gerardo Pardo-Castellote Mark Hamilton. Can Ethernet Be Real Time?. Real-Time Innovations WhitePaper. 2000
[22] Joel Sherrill, Jeff Mayes. SAFER: A Scaleable Architecture for Embedded Reliable Real-Time Systems.
[23] 詹道庸．传输原理．西安交通大学出版社，1995
[24] 马宏杰等．微机通信原理与实用技术．清华大学出版社，1994
[25] 张公忠．现代网络技术教程 北京 电子工业出版社，2000
[26] 吴秋峰．自动化系统计算机网络 北京 机械工业出版社，2001
[27] 周明天，汪文勇．TCP/IP网络原理与技术．清华大学出版社，1993
[28] Douglas E. Comer. Computer Networks and Internets. 清华大学出版社，Prentice-Hall International, Inc, 1998
[29] 蔡翠平，尹会滨．计算机局域网实用技术．清华大学出版社，2003
[30] 王群．计算机局域网．冶金工业出版社，2002
[31] 胡道元．计算机局域网(第三版)．清华大学出版社，2002
[32] 刘后铭，洪福明．计算机通信网．西安电子科技大学出版社，1996
[33] 阳宪惠．现场总线技术及其应用 北京 清华大学出版社，1999
[34] 顾洪军等．工业企业网与现场总线技术及应用 北京 人民邮电出版社，2002
[35] 杨育红．LON网络控制技术及应用 西安电子科技大学出版社 1999
[36] 供配电企业生产技术标准汇编—电网运行卷—电能质量、运行及远动设备分册．中国标准出版社 2001
[37] Mark Migasi, Todd Lammle, Monica Lammle著．NT Server与TCP／IP详解．邱仲潘译．电子工业出版社，1998
[38] David J．Kruglinski，Scot Wingo，George Shepherd．Visual C++ 6.0 技术内幕．希望图书创作室译．北京希望电子出版社，2001
[39] Fugene Olafsen. MFC Visual C++ 6.0编程技术内幕，王建华等译，机械工业出版社，2002
[40] Uyless Black TCP/IP&Related Protocols康娟等译 学苑出版社 1995
[41] Samuel C. Sciacca and Wayne R. Block. Advanced SCADA Concepts. IEEE Computer Application in Power, 1995, No. 1
[42] Pennis J. Gaushell and Wayne R. Block. SCADA Communication Techniques and Standards. IEEE Computer Application in Power 1993, No. 7
[43] William E. Chainey and Wayne R. Block. Recent Advances in Master Station Architecture. IEEE Computer Application in Power, 1994, No. 4
[44] Tomas E. Dy-Liacco, Modern Control Center and Computer Network. IEEE, 1994, No. 10
[45] Lloyd Konneker. Introducing Power Monitoring Units for Distribution networks. IEEE, 1994, No. 10
[46] Huang Yizhuang. A Comprehensive Substation Protection Control
Monitoring System by Micro-computers. IFAC Symposium on Power Systems and Power Plant Control, Korea, 1989
[47] 陶晓农．分散式变电站监控系统中的通道技术方案．电力系统自动化，1998，22 (4)：51～54
[48] 贺威俊等．牵引变电站综合自动化与专家系统应用研究．铁道学报，1996，18 (2)：6～10
[49] 唐涛．国内外变电站无人值班与综合自动化技术发展综述．变电站综合自动化技术研讨会论文集，1995，19～27
[50] 朱大新，刘觉．变电站综合自动化系统地内容及功能要求和配置．变电站综合自动化技术研讨会论文集，1995，12～16
[51] Huang Yizhuang, Liu Jianzheng, Xu Jinghai. A Distributed System for Substation Protection and Monitoring Based on Multi-microcomputers. Electricity, 1990, 1 (3): 47～50
[52] 杨奇逊．变电站综合自动化技术发展趋势，变电站综合自动化技术研讨会论文集，1995，1～3
[53] S. A. Koubia and G. D. Papadoppoulos. Modern Field bus Communication Architectures for Real time Industrial Application. Computer in Industry(26), 1995, 243～252
[54] 袁季修．现场总线在变电站自动化中的应用．97’变电站自动化学术研讨会论文集，1997，11～17
[55] 一种新型单片微机局域网—CAN．现场总线技术论文集，1997，71～80
[56] 鄂立福，侯全新．LONWORKS网络技术与现场总线，现场总线技术论文集，1997，123～127
[57] 曹荣江等．表征真空断路器电寿命的若干判据，电网技术，1997．11
[58] 路宝民，原丽．牵引变压器绝缘老化特性研究．变压器．1993，No．4
[2] 王常力，廖道文．集散控制系统的设计与应用，清华大学出版社，1993
[3] 陈德树．计算机继电保护原理与技术．水力电力出版社，1992
[4] 孙继荣．电网控制与管理德计算机信息系统．机械工业出版社，1991
[5] 提兆旭，陈赤陪．电力系统计算机调度自动化．上海交通大学出版社，1995
[6] 滕福生．调度自动化及信息管理系统．成都科技大学出版社，1986
[7] 钱清泉．电气化铁道微机监控技术，中国铁道出版社，2000
[8] 周之英．现代工程软件(下)．科学出版社，2000
[9] H. Kopetz. Real-Time Systems. Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1997
[10] Douglas C. Schmidt. Object Interconnections: Comparing Alternative Client-side Distributed Programming Techniques. C++ Report Magazine. 1995
[11] E. Gamma, R. Helm, R. Joson. Design Pattern: Elements of Reusable Object-Oriented Software. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley, 1995
[12] 杨文龙等．软件工程．电子工业出版社，1997
[13] 孙桂茹，赵国瑞．软件工程引论．南开大学出版社，1995
[14] 陈增荣．软件开发方法．复旦大学出版社，1997
[15] 唐任仲．工程应用软件开发技术．化学工业出版社，1999
[16] 徐正权．软件复用方法与技术．华中理工大学出版社，1998
[17] 师素娟．软件工程教程．黄河水利出版社，1999
[18] Bertrand Meyer. Object-Oriented Software Construction. New York Prentice Hall PTR, 1997
[19] 宛延凯．C++语言和面向对象的程序设计．清华大学出版社，1998
[20] 钱能．C++程序设计教程．清华大学出版社，2000
[21] Stan Schneider Gerardo Pardo-Castellote Mark Hamilton. Can Ethernet Be Real Time?. Real-Time Innovations WhitePaper. 2000
[22] Joel Sherrill, Jeff Mayes. SAFER: A Scaleable Architecture for Embedded Reliable Real-Time Systems.
[23] 詹道庸．传输原理．西安交通大学出版社，1995
[24] 马宏杰等．微机通信原理与实用技术．清华大学出版社，1994
[25] 张公忠．现代网络技术教程 北京 电子工业出版社，2000
[26] 吴秋峰．自动化系统计算机网络 北京 机械工业出版社，2001
[27] 周明天，汪文勇．TCP/IP网络原理与技术．清华大学出版社，1993
[28] Douglas E. Comer. Computer Networks and Internets. 清华大学出版社，Prentice-Hall International, Inc, 1998
[29] 蔡翠平，尹会滨．计算机局域网实用技术．清华大学出版社，2003
[30] 王群．计算机局域网．冶金工业出版社，2002
[31] 胡道元．计算机局域网(第三版)．清华大学出版社，2002
[32] 刘后铭，洪福明．计算机通信网．西安电子科技大学出版社，1996
[33] 阳宪惠．现场总线技术及其应用 北京 清华大学出版社，1999
[34] 顾洪军等．工业企业网与现场总线技术及应用 北京 人民邮电出版社，2002
[35] 杨育红．LON网络控制技术及应用 西安电子科技大学出版社 1999
[36] 供配电企业生产技术标准汇编—电网运行卷—电能质量、运行及远动设备分册．中国标准出版社 2001
[37] Mark Migasi, Todd Lammle, Monica Lammle著．NT Server与TCP／IP详解．邱仲潘译．电子工业出版社，1998
[38] David J．Kruglinski，Scot Wingo，George Shepherd．Visual C++ 6.0 技术内幕．希望图书创作室译．北京希望电子出版社，2001
[39] Fugene Olafsen. MFC Visual C++ 6.0编程技术内幕，王建华等译，机械工业出版社，2002
[40] Uyless Black TCP/IP&Related Protocols康娟等译 学苑出版社 1995
[41] Samuel C. Sciacca and Wayne R. Block. Advanced SCADA Concepts. IEEE Computer Application in Power, 1995, No. 1
[42] Pennis J. Gaushell and Wayne R. Block. SCADA Communication Techniques and Standards. IEEE Computer Application in Power 1993, No. 7
[43] William E. Chainey and Wayne R. Block. Recent Advances in Master Station Architecture. IEEE Computer Application in Power, 1994, No. 4
[44] Tomas E. Dy-Liacco, Modern Control Center and Computer Network. IEEE, 1994, No. 10
[45] Lloyd Konneker. Introducing Power Monitoring Units for Distribution networks. IEEE, 1994, No. 10
[46] Huang Yizhuang. A Comprehensive Substation Protection Control
Monitoring System by Micro-computers. IFAC Symposium on Power Systems and Power Plant Control, Korea, 1989
[47] 陶晓农．分散式变电站监控系统中的通道技术方案．电力系统自动化，1998，22 (4)：51～54
[48] 贺威俊等．牵引变电站综合自动化与专家系统应用研究．铁道学报，1996，18 (2)：6～10
[49] 唐涛．国内外变电站无人值班与综合自动化技术发展综述．变电站综合自动化技术研讨会论文集，1995，19～27
[50] 朱大新，刘觉．变电站综合自动化系统地内容及功能要求和配置．变电站综合自动化技术研讨会论文集，1995，12～16
[51] Huang Yizhuang, Liu Jianzheng, Xu Jinghai. A Distributed System for Substation Protection and Monitoring Based on Multi-microcomputers. Electricity, 1990, 1 (3): 47～50
[52] 杨奇逊．变电站综合自动化技术发展趋势，变电站综合自动化技术研讨会论文集，1995，1～3
[53] S. A. Koubia and G. D. Papadoppoulos. Modern Field bus Communication Architectures for Real time Industrial Application. Computer in Industry(26), 1995, 243～252
[54] 袁季修．现场总线在变电站自动化中的应用．97’变电站自动化学术研讨会论文集，1997，11～17
[55] 一种新型单片微机局域网—CAN．现场总线技术论文集，1997，71～80
[56] 鄂立福，侯全新．LONWORKS网络技术与现场总线，现场总线技术论文集，1997，123～127
[57] 曹荣江等．表征真空断路器电寿命的若干判据，电网技术，1997．11
[58] 路宝民，原丽．牵引变压器绝缘老化特性研究．变压器．1993，No．4