街道渐进式选取的理论与方法
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摘要
本文针对街道选取问题,从渐进式地图综合的理论、地图综合的信息论方法、地图综合的知识获取、基于约束的地图自动综合方法、以及地图综合软件这些地图综合的热点问题入手,进行了深入的研究。主要工作包括：
●以关键词的形式总结和回顾了数字地图综合40年来的发展,引用本领域专家的观点,说明了地图综合发展的方向。分析了已有街道选取方法的优缺点。研究了渐进式地图综合的理论,提出了渐进式地图综合的概念框架和相似性评价准则。渐进式地图综合理论的核心概念是：“渐进、步长、更新、算子、表达、算法、评价”。基于抽象胞腔复形的概念以及七算子模型提出了街道选取算子模型和街道网渐进式表达模型。
●回顾了信息论在地图学中的应用,分析了地图信息量的度量方法,在决策树经典算法ID3算法的启发之下提出了一种基于“信息量变化”的街道选取方法。提出了街道渐进式选取的信息传输模型,该模型解释了一些基本的街道选取原则：删除长度短的街道、删除连通度小的街道、在合并街区时,优先同周围能合并的街区中的面积较小者合并。
●概括了地图综合的知识工程问题。基于决策树学习算法C4.5算法,对不同的街道网类型和不同的比例尺跨度进行3组知识获取实验。考虑六个街道参数：街道等级、街道功能、街道长度、街道连通度、中介中心度、接近中心度。具体研究了比例尺跨度、街道网类型、街道的属性参数与街道是否选取的关系。
●总结了基于约束的地图自动综合的理论与方法,归纳了街道选取中的约束条件,运用约束与数据增强相结合的形式提出了一种街道渐进式选取方法,该方法对动态决策树结构进行了改进,提出了有序综合树结构,在该结构的支持下,通过街区合并间接实现街道渐进式选取。
●从软件开发的角度阐述了一种开发模式：即公共平台与工具箱模式。工具箱由网络服务实现。介绍了WebServices的基本概念与体系架构,详细描述了地图综合服务的概念与分类,基于.NET平台开发了街道选取信息论方法服务实例。
本文以理论研究为先导,同步进行实践研究,对模型性质进行证明,对规律进行挖掘,对算法进行了程序开发实验。本文各章独立,从不同的角度描述了街道选取问题。论文中给出50多幅插图,描述了理论及实验结果。
Aiming at streets selection, this dissertation focuses on the research of theory of progressive map generalization, information theory applied to map generalization, knowledge acquisition for map generalization, constraint based automated map generalization and map generalization software. The main studies include:
●The development of map generalization in the first 40 years is reviewed in the form of keywords. The directions of development of map generalization are showed based on the opinions of the field expert. The advantages and disadvantages of the existing methods of selection of streets are analyzed. The conceptual framework of progressive map generalization and similarity rule are proposed. The key concepts are:progressive, step-length, update, operator, representation, algorithm and evaluation. An operator model for street and a progressive representation model for street network are presented based on Abstract Cell Complex and seven-operator model.
●The development of information theory applied to cartography is reviewed. Motivated by the decision tree learning algorithm ID3, a novel method based on the information change is proposed. The existing quantitative measures of map information are analyzed. The communicative model for streets progressive selection is proposed based on the idea of matching. The properties of this model are proved. Some principles of selection of streets are explained. The streets which are shorter and with lower connectivity are eliminated. When a small block needs to be merged to one of its neighbor blocks, consider the smallest block first.
●The knowledge engineering of map generalization is summarized. Knowledge acquisition is carried out using C4.5 algorithm. Six parameters street hierarchy, street function, length, degree, betweenness, closeness were selected. They describe the semantic, topological and geometric attributes of streets. Three groups of experiment were conducted for different street network pattern and different scale transition range. The association of street elimination with different scale transition, different street network pattern, and street's attributes is investigated.
●The theory and method of constraint-based automated map generalization is summarized. A progressive selection of street method is proposed based on the combination of the constraint and data enrichment. Ordered Generalization Tree structure is presented based on the Dynamic Decision Tree. This method brings together the map generalization knowledge and the data structure, in such a way that the generalization process can be implemented. The streets progressive selection is implemented by block merging.
●A map generalization software model which is common Platform plus Toolbox is discussed. Function of Toolbox is implemented by Web service. The concept and architecture of Web Services are introduced briefly. The concept and typology of map generalization services is described in detail. The thesis finally gives some service examples developed based on the.NET platform.
The chapters in this thesis are independent from each other. More than 50 figures are arranged in the dissertation to explain principles of theory research, or illustrate the experiment results.
●以关键词的形式总结和回顾了数字地图综合40年来的发展,引用本领域专家的观点,说明了地图综合发展的方向。分析了已有街道选取方法的优缺点。研究了渐进式地图综合的理论,提出了渐进式地图综合的概念框架和相似性评价准则。渐进式地图综合理论的核心概念是：“渐进、步长、更新、算子、表达、算法、评价”。基于抽象胞腔复形的概念以及七算子模型提出了街道选取算子模型和街道网渐进式表达模型。
●回顾了信息论在地图学中的应用,分析了地图信息量的度量方法,在决策树经典算法ID3算法的启发之下提出了一种基于“信息量变化”的街道选取方法。提出了街道渐进式选取的信息传输模型,该模型解释了一些基本的街道选取原则：删除长度短的街道、删除连通度小的街道、在合并街区时,优先同周围能合并的街区中的面积较小者合并。
●概括了地图综合的知识工程问题。基于决策树学习算法C4.5算法,对不同的街道网类型和不同的比例尺跨度进行3组知识获取实验。考虑六个街道参数：街道等级、街道功能、街道长度、街道连通度、中介中心度、接近中心度。具体研究了比例尺跨度、街道网类型、街道的属性参数与街道是否选取的关系。
●总结了基于约束的地图自动综合的理论与方法,归纳了街道选取中的约束条件,运用约束与数据增强相结合的形式提出了一种街道渐进式选取方法,该方法对动态决策树结构进行了改进,提出了有序综合树结构,在该结构的支持下,通过街区合并间接实现街道渐进式选取。
●从软件开发的角度阐述了一种开发模式：即公共平台与工具箱模式。工具箱由网络服务实现。介绍了WebServices的基本概念与体系架构,详细描述了地图综合服务的概念与分类,基于.NET平台开发了街道选取信息论方法服务实例。
本文以理论研究为先导,同步进行实践研究,对模型性质进行证明,对规律进行挖掘,对算法进行了程序开发实验。本文各章独立,从不同的角度描述了街道选取问题。论文中给出50多幅插图,描述了理论及实验结果。
Aiming at streets selection, this dissertation focuses on the research of theory of progressive map generalization, information theory applied to map generalization, knowledge acquisition for map generalization, constraint based automated map generalization and map generalization software. The main studies include:
●The development of map generalization in the first 40 years is reviewed in the form of keywords. The directions of development of map generalization are showed based on the opinions of the field expert. The advantages and disadvantages of the existing methods of selection of streets are analyzed. The conceptual framework of progressive map generalization and similarity rule are proposed. The key concepts are:progressive, step-length, update, operator, representation, algorithm and evaluation. An operator model for street and a progressive representation model for street network are presented based on Abstract Cell Complex and seven-operator model.
●The development of information theory applied to cartography is reviewed. Motivated by the decision tree learning algorithm ID3, a novel method based on the information change is proposed. The existing quantitative measures of map information are analyzed. The communicative model for streets progressive selection is proposed based on the idea of matching. The properties of this model are proved. Some principles of selection of streets are explained. The streets which are shorter and with lower connectivity are eliminated. When a small block needs to be merged to one of its neighbor blocks, consider the smallest block first.
●The knowledge engineering of map generalization is summarized. Knowledge acquisition is carried out using C4.5 algorithm. Six parameters street hierarchy, street function, length, degree, betweenness, closeness were selected. They describe the semantic, topological and geometric attributes of streets. Three groups of experiment were conducted for different street network pattern and different scale transition range. The association of street elimination with different scale transition, different street network pattern, and street's attributes is investigated.
●The theory and method of constraint-based automated map generalization is summarized. A progressive selection of street method is proposed based on the combination of the constraint and data enrichment. Ordered Generalization Tree structure is presented based on the Dynamic Decision Tree. This method brings together the map generalization knowledge and the data structure, in such a way that the generalization process can be implemented. The streets progressive selection is implemented by block merging.
●A map generalization software model which is common Platform plus Toolbox is discussed. Function of Toolbox is implemented by Web service. The concept and architecture of Web Services are introduced briefly. The concept and typology of map generalization services is described in detail. The thesis finally gives some service examples developed based on the.NET platform.
The chapters in this thesis are independent from each other. More than 50 figures are arranged in the dissertation to explain principles of theory research, or illustrate the experiment results.
引文
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