综合防灭火技术在高瓦斯矿井近距离煤层火灾中的研究应用
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摘要
煤炭自燃火灾是我国煤矿一大突出灾害，我国56％的矿井开采易自燃煤层。由于煤炭自燃而导致优质煤损失量已达42亿吨以上，现在仍以每年2000～3000万吨的速度增加，煤矿每年都因火灾造成人员的重大伤亡，造成数十亿元的经济损失；煤炭自燃不仅浪费了煤炭资源，而且引起了严重的环境污染和生态平衡的破坏；煤层自燃释放出的大量有害气体，除污染大气环境外，还直接危及人类的生存环境。
本文从高瓦斯矿井近距离煤层自然发火的特点及规律入手，研究了近距离煤层自然发火的原因及其危害，并在前人的基础上学习了自燃火灾防治的技术，建立了以指标气体分析法为主的预测预报体系和基于火源信息探测及检测的煤层自燃火灾综合防治新技术体系，应用矿井煤层自燃火灾综合防治信息管理系统，为防灭火提供了可靠的科学依据。
通过对官地矿煤的自燃特性的实验研究，得出了在自燃火灾治理过程中，指标气体的优选对该矿火区治理工作具有重要的指导作用。
矿井具有特殊的生产环境，而近距离煤层自燃有着比较独特的性质。受临近煤层和其它诸如瓦斯、通风等因素的影响，单一的防灭火技术已不能完全有效的治理高瓦斯矿井近距离煤层自燃火灾。本文通过研究，综合运用注氮防灭火技术、注胶防灭火技术分阶段地对官地矿23509工作面自燃火灾进行了的治理，取得了良好的效果。
Presently, our 60% state-owned coal mines have already been the dangerous coal mines because of the coal's spontaneous combustion. The loss quantity of high grade coal due to the coal's spontaneous combustion has been to 4.2 billion tons. Besides, the loss quantity has been growing by 2000-3000 million tons every year. Moreover, the heavy casualties caused by the fire hazard annually lead to heavy toll of lives and nearly billions yuan economic losses. Not only does the coal's spontaneous combustion wastes coal resources, but also leads to the serious environmental and ecological problems. The massive poisonous gas which is caused by the coal's fire will seriously pollute the atmospheric environment and directly endanger our living space.
Base on the reason and research level of existing coal Spontaneous combustion, beginning with the character and law of high gas mine short distance coal seam breeding-fire, discussed the reason of short distance coal seam breeding-fire and its harmfulness, studied the key technique of fire and control, formed the early stage forecast and prevents system that rely mainly on index gas analysis, and established the Mine coal seam Spontaneous combustion integrated control information management system. It gave a reliable scenic basis for control-extinguishment fire.
Through the study on self-ignition of coal, author thinks that in the course of Spontaneous combustion, the selection of index gas has the important analysis and guidance affection in the fire control working.
Mine has itself special production environment and the short distance coal seams self-ignition also have its unique character. Be affected by the closer coal seam and other factors such as gas and ventilation, the single control-extinguishment fire technique had couldn't control the high gas mine short distance coal seam fire effetely. By the study this paper integrated applied various control-extinguishment fire techniques controlled the Spontaneous combustion of 23509 working face in Guandi mine by stages and got well effect.
本文从高瓦斯矿井近距离煤层自然发火的特点及规律入手，研究了近距离煤层自然发火的原因及其危害，并在前人的基础上学习了自燃火灾防治的技术，建立了以指标气体分析法为主的预测预报体系和基于火源信息探测及检测的煤层自燃火灾综合防治新技术体系，应用矿井煤层自燃火灾综合防治信息管理系统，为防灭火提供了可靠的科学依据。
通过对官地矿煤的自燃特性的实验研究，得出了在自燃火灾治理过程中，指标气体的优选对该矿火区治理工作具有重要的指导作用。
矿井具有特殊的生产环境，而近距离煤层自燃有着比较独特的性质。受临近煤层和其它诸如瓦斯、通风等因素的影响，单一的防灭火技术已不能完全有效的治理高瓦斯矿井近距离煤层自燃火灾。本文通过研究，综合运用注氮防灭火技术、注胶防灭火技术分阶段地对官地矿23509工作面自燃火灾进行了的治理，取得了良好的效果。
Presently, our 60% state-owned coal mines have already been the dangerous coal mines because of the coal's spontaneous combustion. The loss quantity of high grade coal due to the coal's spontaneous combustion has been to 4.2 billion tons. Besides, the loss quantity has been growing by 2000-3000 million tons every year. Moreover, the heavy casualties caused by the fire hazard annually lead to heavy toll of lives and nearly billions yuan economic losses. Not only does the coal's spontaneous combustion wastes coal resources, but also leads to the serious environmental and ecological problems. The massive poisonous gas which is caused by the coal's fire will seriously pollute the atmospheric environment and directly endanger our living space.
Base on the reason and research level of existing coal Spontaneous combustion, beginning with the character and law of high gas mine short distance coal seam breeding-fire, discussed the reason of short distance coal seam breeding-fire and its harmfulness, studied the key technique of fire and control, formed the early stage forecast and prevents system that rely mainly on index gas analysis, and established the Mine coal seam Spontaneous combustion integrated control information management system. It gave a reliable scenic basis for control-extinguishment fire.
Through the study on self-ignition of coal, author thinks that in the course of Spontaneous combustion, the selection of index gas has the important analysis and guidance affection in the fire control working.
Mine has itself special production environment and the short distance coal seams self-ignition also have its unique character. Be affected by the closer coal seam and other factors such as gas and ventilation, the single control-extinguishment fire technique had couldn't control the high gas mine short distance coal seam fire effetely. By the study this paper integrated applied various control-extinguishment fire techniques controlled the Spontaneous combustion of 23509 working face in Guandi mine by stages and got well effect.
引文
[1] 濮洪九．“煤炭工业多种经营持续发展战略和对策”21世纪中国煤炭工业第五次全国会员代表大会暨学术研讨会论文集 5：2001 (9)：7～12．
[2] 张建民，宁书年，曹燕．中国北方地区煤层自燃环境影响及治理对策研究[J]．中国减灾，1998，8(2)：34～38．
[3] 谭永杰．中国煤田自燃灾害及其防治对策[J]．煤田地质与勘探，2000，28 (6)：8～10．
[4] 何学秋．安全工程学[M]．北京：中国矿业大学出版社．
[5] 王省身，张国枢．中国煤矿火灾防治技术的现状与发展[J]．火灾科学，1994，3(2)：1～6．
[6] 邓军等．国内外煤炭自然发火预测预报技术综述[J]．西安矿业学院学报，1999，12
[7] 王省身，张国枢．中国煤矿火灾防治技术的现状与发展[J]．火灾科学，1994，3 (2)：1～6．
[8] 邬剑明，许并社，王俊峰，吴玉国．煤矿自燃火灾防治新技术的研究与应用．
[9] 余明高．我国煤矿防灭火技术的最新发展及应用[J]．矿业安全与环保，2000，27 (1)：21-23．
[10] 张国枢．通风安全学[M]．中国矿业大学出版社，2000，7．
[11] 罗海珠，梁运涛．煤自然发火预测预报技术的现状与展望[J]．中国安全科学学报，2003，11 (3)：76～78．
[12] 戚颖敏．我国煤矿火灾防治技术的现代发展与应用[J]．煤，1999，8 (2)：1-3．
[13] 邓军．国内外煤炭自然发火预测预报技术综述[J]．西安矿业学院学报，1999，19 (4)．
[14] 崔洪义，王振平，王洪权．煤层自然发火早期预报技术及其应用[J]．煤矿安全，2001，(10)．
[15] 徐精彩等．综放面巷道煤层自燃危险区域判定方法[J]．北京科技大学学报，2003 (1)．
[16] 鲜学福等．我国煤矿矿井防灭火技术研究综述[J]．中国工程科学，2001 (12)．
[17] 王连成，高克德．地质雷达探测采空区隐蔽火源[J]．煤炭学报，1998 (2)：7～9．
[18] 邬剑明等．煤矿自燃火灾治理关键技术的研究与应用[J]．中国安全学报，1998 (4)
[19] 赵益芳，刘维邦．煤矿防灭火技术的现状与展望[J]．山西煤炭，1995 (2)：19～22．
[20] 余明高．我国煤矿防灭火技术的最新发展及应用[J]．矿山安全与环保，2000 (1)．
[21] 张建民．中国北方地区煤层自燃环境影响及治理对策研究[J]．中国减灾，1998，8 (1)：34-38．
[22] 高桑功，为田博宪，田代襄等．关于煤自然发火的研究——煤的破碎性与自燃的关系[J]．探矿与保安，1977，(3)：9～13．
[23] Schmidt L D. In: Chem. of Coal Util. (Ed. Lowry H H.), New York: Wiley, 1945, 627～633.
[24] D. L. Carpenter, GD. Sergent, Fuel, 1996 (45), 429.
[25] Karsner G G and Perlmutter D D. AICHE J. 1981, 27: 920～927.
[26] Bouwman R and Freriks I L C. Fuel, 1996, 75, 315～319.
[27] Kaji R, Hishinuma Y and Nakamura Y. Fuel, 1985, 64, 297.
[28] A. Kuuk, Y. Kadioglu, M. S. Gulaboglu, A study of spontaneous combustion c haracteristics of Turkish lignite: Particle size, moisture of coal, humidit y of air[J], Combustion and Flame, 2003, (133), 255～261.
[29] 彭本信．应用热分析技术研究煤的氧化自燃过程[[J]．煤炭工程师，1992，(2)：1～10．
[30] Ogunsola O I and Mikula. Fuel, 1991, 70: 258.
[31] 戴中蜀，郑的晖，马立红．低煤化度煤低温热解脱氧后结构的变化[[J]，燃料化学学报，1999，27 (3)：256～261．
[32] 高桑功，为田博宪，田代襄等．关于煤自然发火的研究——煤的碳素、灰与水含量与着火温度的关系[J]．探矿与保安，1978，(2)：1～4
[33] Berkowitz N and Schein H GFuel, 1998, 77: 94.
[34] Ogunsola O I and Mikula. Fuel, 1991, 70: 258.
[35] Jones R G and Townend D T, J. Soc. Chem. Ind. London, 1995, 108: 197.
[36] Herman R GSSimmons G W, Cole D V, et al. Fuel, 1994, 733: 673.
[37] 双鸭山矿业集团有限公司．近距离煤层群开采自燃规律及综合防治技术[M]．煤炭工业出版社 2006，(1)．
[38] 范天吉．矿井防灭火综合技术手册．吉林音像出版社，
[2] 张建民，宁书年，曹燕．中国北方地区煤层自燃环境影响及治理对策研究[J]．中国减灾，1998，8(2)：34～38．
[3] 谭永杰．中国煤田自燃灾害及其防治对策[J]．煤田地质与勘探，2000，28 (6)：8～10．
[4] 何学秋．安全工程学[M]．北京：中国矿业大学出版社．
[5] 王省身，张国枢．中国煤矿火灾防治技术的现状与发展[J]．火灾科学，1994，3(2)：1～6．
[6] 邓军等．国内外煤炭自然发火预测预报技术综述[J]．西安矿业学院学报，1999，12
[7] 王省身，张国枢．中国煤矿火灾防治技术的现状与发展[J]．火灾科学，1994，3 (2)：1～6．
[8] 邬剑明，许并社，王俊峰，吴玉国．煤矿自燃火灾防治新技术的研究与应用．
[9] 余明高．我国煤矿防灭火技术的最新发展及应用[J]．矿业安全与环保，2000，27 (1)：21-23．
[10] 张国枢．通风安全学[M]．中国矿业大学出版社，2000，7．
[11] 罗海珠，梁运涛．煤自然发火预测预报技术的现状与展望[J]．中国安全科学学报，2003，11 (3)：76～78．
[12] 戚颖敏．我国煤矿火灾防治技术的现代发展与应用[J]．煤，1999，8 (2)：1-3．
[13] 邓军．国内外煤炭自然发火预测预报技术综述[J]．西安矿业学院学报，1999，19 (4)．
[14] 崔洪义，王振平，王洪权．煤层自然发火早期预报技术及其应用[J]．煤矿安全，2001，(10)．
[15] 徐精彩等．综放面巷道煤层自燃危险区域判定方法[J]．北京科技大学学报，2003 (1)．
[16] 鲜学福等．我国煤矿矿井防灭火技术研究综述[J]．中国工程科学，2001 (12)．
[17] 王连成，高克德．地质雷达探测采空区隐蔽火源[J]．煤炭学报，1998 (2)：7～9．
[18] 邬剑明等．煤矿自燃火灾治理关键技术的研究与应用[J]．中国安全学报，1998 (4)
[19] 赵益芳，刘维邦．煤矿防灭火技术的现状与展望[J]．山西煤炭，1995 (2)：19～22．
[20] 余明高．我国煤矿防灭火技术的最新发展及应用[J]．矿山安全与环保，2000 (1)．
[21] 张建民．中国北方地区煤层自燃环境影响及治理对策研究[J]．中国减灾，1998，8 (1)：34-38．
[22] 高桑功，为田博宪，田代襄等．关于煤自然发火的研究——煤的破碎性与自燃的关系[J]．探矿与保安，1977，(3)：9～13．
[23] Schmidt L D. In: Chem. of Coal Util. (Ed. Lowry H H.), New York: Wiley, 1945, 627～633.
[24] D. L. Carpenter, GD. Sergent, Fuel, 1996 (45), 429.
[25] Karsner G G and Perlmutter D D. AICHE J. 1981, 27: 920～927.
[26] Bouwman R and Freriks I L C. Fuel, 1996, 75, 315～319.
[27] Kaji R, Hishinuma Y and Nakamura Y. Fuel, 1985, 64, 297.
[28] A. Kuuk, Y. Kadioglu, M. S. Gulaboglu, A study of spontaneous combustion c haracteristics of Turkish lignite: Particle size, moisture of coal, humidit y of air[J], Combustion and Flame, 2003, (133), 255～261.
[29] 彭本信．应用热分析技术研究煤的氧化自燃过程[[J]．煤炭工程师，1992，(2)：1～10．
[30] Ogunsola O I and Mikula. Fuel, 1991, 70: 258.
[31] 戴中蜀，郑的晖，马立红．低煤化度煤低温热解脱氧后结构的变化[[J]，燃料化学学报，1999，27 (3)：256～261．
[32] 高桑功，为田博宪，田代襄等．关于煤自然发火的研究——煤的碳素、灰与水含量与着火温度的关系[J]．探矿与保安，1978，(2)：1～4
[33] Berkowitz N and Schein H GFuel, 1998, 77: 94.
[34] Ogunsola O I and Mikula. Fuel, 1991, 70: 258.
[35] Jones R G and Townend D T, J. Soc. Chem. Ind. London, 1995, 108: 197.
[36] Herman R GSSimmons G W, Cole D V, et al. Fuel, 1994, 733: 673.
[37] 双鸭山矿业集团有限公司．近距离煤层群开采自燃规律及综合防治技术[M]．煤炭工业出版社 2006，(1)．
[38] 范天吉．矿井防灭火综合技术手册．吉林音像出版社，