缝洞型碳酸盐岩储层建模及剩余油分布研究
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摘要
近些年来，随着油藏描述向精细化研究的发展，储层随机建模技术也成为了研究的热点和难点。建立一个能真实反映储层空间位置及储层空间变化的储层模型，从而为油田剩余油分布的研究提供可靠的地质模型也就成为了建模人员要解决的问题。本文在调研分析缝洞储层形成、演化及空间分布特征的基础上，通过对各种建模方法的对比分析，选用了多点地质统计学作为本次建模方法。充分利用各种静、动态资料，建立了S48缝洞单元的储层地质模型，利用数值模拟方法分析了其剩余油分布，主要的研究成果如下：
(1)本次划分储层以钻井、测井、产量和产液段为主，参考岩芯和地震等资料，将S48缝洞单元单井储层划分为5种主要类型，称其为：未充填型、半充填型、全充填型、I类储层和II类储层。
(2)通过对地震属性与溶洞储层关系的分析，建立了多种地震属性（RMS和相干体）与溶洞储层之间的相关关系，并以此建立了溶洞储层的概率。
(3)以划分的五种单井储层为基础，以建立的概率体为辅助数据，通过分级建模和综合利用多点地质统计学和序贯指示模拟的方法建立了储层模型，并在储层模型的基础上根据对孔隙度和渗透率的分析，建立了储层属性模型。
(4)建立了本区的裂缝模型。利用地震属性蚂蚁体追踪技术建立了大尺度裂缝模型；以成像测井数据为基础，利用神经网络技术分别建立了三个方位的裂缝密裂曲线，并以此为基础建立了小尺度裂缝模型和裂缝属性模型。
（5）在建立的储层模型和裂缝模型的基础上，根据数模的要求，选用了合适的粗化精度，分别粗化了储层模型和裂缝模型。根据流体流动的优势通道规则，建立了数模模型。
(6)通过选取合适的模拟参数，通过数值模拟技术，分析了S48缝洞单元的剩余油分布，认为剩余油分布主要受构造部位、储集体发育程度和高渗带的控制，总结了剩余油可能分布的主要位置。
In recent years, the reservoir stochastic modeling has become the research hotbut difficult problem as the reservoir characterization become refinement.Establishing a reservoir model which can represent the space distribution and thechanges of the reservoir and providing a reliable geological model for solving theproblem of remaining oil distribution are the urgent work of geologist. In this paper,the author analyzes the advantage and disadvantage between different modelingmethods and chooses multi-point geostatistics as the method of modeling. The S48unit reservoir model is established at the base of a variety of static and dynamic dataand the author analyze the remaining oil distribution by numerical simulation .Themajor research is as follows.
(1)Unfilled cave,part_filled cave,filled cave,I type reservoir and II type reservoirare distinguished in the well according to the drilling, well logging ,well productionand production segments mainly, adding to the cores and seismic data also.
(2)According to the analysis of seismic attributes and reservoir type, the authorbuild the relationship between the seismic attributes (RMS and coherent) and the caveand calculate the probability of the cave reservoir.
(3)At the base of the five reservoirs and the probability of the cave,the authorestablish the reservoir model through grade modeling technology and comprehensiveutilization of multi-point geostatistics and sequential indicator simulation methods.According to the analysis of porosity and permeability, reservoir property model isestablished.
(4)A large-scale fracture model is built through ant tracking technology on thebase of seismic data.The author establish three fracture intensities according to theazimuth by artificial neural networks at the base of imaging logging and then establishthe small-scale fracture model and their property model.
(5)At the base of reservoir model and fracture models, according to therequirement of numerical simulation and compute ability, the author upscale themrespectively and establish the numerical simulation model by fluid flow channel rules.
(6)After determining the simulation parameters and simulating the producing ofoil, water and gas in S48 unit, the author analyze the remaining oil distribution of it and think the remaining oil is controlled mainly by tectonic position,the degree ofreservoir development and high permeability belt.At last the author point out thepossible location of remaining oil distribution.
(1)本次划分储层以钻井、测井、产量和产液段为主，参考岩芯和地震等资料，将S48缝洞单元单井储层划分为5种主要类型，称其为：未充填型、半充填型、全充填型、I类储层和II类储层。
(2)通过对地震属性与溶洞储层关系的分析，建立了多种地震属性（RMS和相干体）与溶洞储层之间的相关关系，并以此建立了溶洞储层的概率。
(3)以划分的五种单井储层为基础，以建立的概率体为辅助数据，通过分级建模和综合利用多点地质统计学和序贯指示模拟的方法建立了储层模型，并在储层模型的基础上根据对孔隙度和渗透率的分析，建立了储层属性模型。
(4)建立了本区的裂缝模型。利用地震属性蚂蚁体追踪技术建立了大尺度裂缝模型；以成像测井数据为基础，利用神经网络技术分别建立了三个方位的裂缝密裂曲线，并以此为基础建立了小尺度裂缝模型和裂缝属性模型。
（5）在建立的储层模型和裂缝模型的基础上，根据数模的要求，选用了合适的粗化精度，分别粗化了储层模型和裂缝模型。根据流体流动的优势通道规则，建立了数模模型。
(6)通过选取合适的模拟参数，通过数值模拟技术，分析了S48缝洞单元的剩余油分布，认为剩余油分布主要受构造部位、储集体发育程度和高渗带的控制，总结了剩余油可能分布的主要位置。
In recent years, the reservoir stochastic modeling has become the research hotbut difficult problem as the reservoir characterization become refinement.Establishing a reservoir model which can represent the space distribution and thechanges of the reservoir and providing a reliable geological model for solving theproblem of remaining oil distribution are the urgent work of geologist. In this paper,the author analyzes the advantage and disadvantage between different modelingmethods and chooses multi-point geostatistics as the method of modeling. The S48unit reservoir model is established at the base of a variety of static and dynamic dataand the author analyze the remaining oil distribution by numerical simulation .Themajor research is as follows.
(1)Unfilled cave,part_filled cave,filled cave,I type reservoir and II type reservoirare distinguished in the well according to the drilling, well logging ,well productionand production segments mainly, adding to the cores and seismic data also.
(2)According to the analysis of seismic attributes and reservoir type, the authorbuild the relationship between the seismic attributes (RMS and coherent) and the caveand calculate the probability of the cave reservoir.
(3)At the base of the five reservoirs and the probability of the cave,the authorestablish the reservoir model through grade modeling technology and comprehensiveutilization of multi-point geostatistics and sequential indicator simulation methods.According to the analysis of porosity and permeability, reservoir property model isestablished.
(4)A large-scale fracture model is built through ant tracking technology on thebase of seismic data.The author establish three fracture intensities according to theazimuth by artificial neural networks at the base of imaging logging and then establishthe small-scale fracture model and their property model.
(5)At the base of reservoir model and fracture models, according to therequirement of numerical simulation and compute ability, the author upscale themrespectively and establish the numerical simulation model by fluid flow channel rules.
(6)After determining the simulation parameters and simulating the producing ofoil, water and gas in S48 unit, the author analyze the remaining oil distribution of it and think the remaining oil is controlled mainly by tectonic position,the degree ofreservoir development and high permeability belt.At last the author point out thepossible location of remaining oil distribution.
引文
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