基于三维协调的新一代电网能量管理系统研究
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摘要
随着大区电网的互联,大容量、特/超高压电力设备和新型电力元件通过超大规模电网连接在一起,形成了超级电网。超级电网对能量管理系统EMS提出了更高、更多的要求。一部分要求是和电网本身的技术特性相关的,在超级电网中的各电力元件相互制约,相互影响,其表现异常复杂,需要EMS去准确分析和控制;另一部分要求是非电网本身技术特性的,是由于现有的分级调度体制、电力市场和节能调度等因素对EMS提出的新要求。技术层面、管理层面、市场层面和政策层面的问题交织在一起,需要将新的理念、新的分析和控制技术引入新一代EMS。
超级电网在空间、时间和控制目标等三个维度表现出复杂性,新一代EMS必须与之相适应。新一代EMS是在线分析、自动预警、自动运行的系统,是能适应电网在空间、时间和目标等三个维度上的特点进行多方面协调的综合预警和智能辅助决策系统,是基于全局优化的实时闭环控制系统。
本论文采用以点带面的研究方式,着重对构建新一代EMS过程中几个研究热点和重点进行探讨和研究,从而为研制新一代EMS提供新思路和解决方案。主要研究内容和结论如下:
1)基于CIM的电力系统建模研究。通过对CIM中的拓扑模型、物理设备模型、量测模型、控制模型和保护模型及其信息获取方式进行研究,可知除机电暂态分析外,CIM在网络分析中已基本具备了实用化的能力,如果能在实际应用中加以完善和补充,同时妥善解决控制模型中的缺陷和理解上的二义性问题,CIM模型应能适应更高要求的网络分析应用。
2)基于CIS的应用软件移植研究。阐述了基于CIS方式的短路电流软件移植,说明通过CIS接口可实现异构的应用软件与平台之间即插即用,应用软件的独立性和通用性可以得到保证,能有效保护软件资源。为了实现开关遮断容量的在线校核,对现有的短路电流算法进行了改进,通过并联负阻抗支路以避免重新节点优化编号,有效地提高了计算速度。
3)基于IEC 61970标准的EMS系统间信息交互研究。以在线外网等值软件为例说明调度中心的EMS之间如何进行基于IEC 61970标准的信息交互。通过对等值效果的测试,说明了EMS间的信息交互可有效地提高网络分析软件的计算精度。
4)基于目标、空间和时间三个维度上分解协调控制的有功闭环自动控制系统研究。在时间维上,一次调频、AGC、实时调度和目前作为研究热点的节能调度构成了时间序列上的分解协调控制;在空间维上,网调、省调、电厂和机组间构成了空间上的分解协调控制;在目标维上,频率质量、发用电平衡、安全约束等电网本身的技术特性和电力市场、节能调度等非电网的技术特性交织在一起,要求在有功闭环控制时全部满足,构成了基于多目标的分解协调控制。进行了基于CPS的AGC控制策略和基于超短期负荷预测的实时调度算法的研究,研究成果已付诸工程实践,取得显著实效。
5)基于目标、空间和时间三个维度上分解协调控制的无功(电压)闭环自动控制系统研究。在时间维上,分解协调控制体现在各级AVC系统应选择合适的控制周期以及离散型控制设备和连续型控制设备在响应时间特性上的差异,应结合短期和超短期负荷预测结果进行离散型设备的控制;在空间维上,网调、省调和地调AVC系统之间以及AVC主站和电厂AVC子站之间通过选择合适的协调控制变量构成了分解协调控制;在目标维上,通过无功优化数学模型以及静态电压稳定和AVC的协调实现了分解协调控制。
6)基于DTS互联的联合反事故演习模式研究。通过对各种联合反事故演习模式进行介绍和比较,得出基于多级DTS系统互联的联合反事故演习模式具备较多的优点,在工程上较强的可操作性,可通过在时间维和空间维上的信息交互来实现。在时间维上,需要DTS系统间在联合反事故演习前、演习中和演习后进行相关信息的交互:在空间维上,通过省、地、县三级调度机构间的信息交互实现联合反事故演习,省、地之间通过DTS系统间的信息交互来实现,地、县之间通过WEB访问的方式来实现。
With the power grid interconnection, large-capacity, ultra or extra-high voltage power equipments and new electric components have been linked together in ultra-large-scale grid, a super power grid is coming into being. Higher and more requirement is put forward to energy management system (EMS). Part of requirement is associated with the technical characteristics of grid, the performance of super grid is very complex because of mutual constraints and mutual influence of electric components, EMS is needed to analyze and control grid accuratly. Other requirement is associated with the non-technical characteristics of the power grid itself, EMS must meet the need of hierarchical dispatching system, power market and energy conservation, etc. The issues in technique aspect, management aspect, market aspect and policy aspect are intertwined, new ideas, new analysis and control technology are needed to apply in new generation of EMS.
The complexity of super grid is showed in three dimensions of space, time and control objective, new generation of EMS must be compatible with it. New generation of EMS is an online analysis, early warning, automatic operation and intelligent decision-making system, which can adapt well to the characteristics of grid in space, time and objective dimensions, is a real-time closed-loop control system based on global optimization.
Study work is executed from some spots to the whole situation in the paper. For new idea and solution to develop new generation of EMS, several research hotspots and emphases in constructing new generation of EMS are discussed and studied. The main research contents and conclusions are as follows:
1) Power system modelling research based on CIM. By studying the topology model, equipment model, measurement model, control model and protection model in CIM and their way of information acquisition, in addition to the mechanical and electrical transient analysis, we know CIM has had the practical ability in the network analysis. If CIM can be consummated and supplemented in the practical application, simultaneously, defects in the control model and the ambiguous question can be solved properly, CIM model ought to be able to adapt the higher request of network analysis application.
2) Study of application software transplant based on CIS. Transplant of short-circuit current software based on CIS is elaborated, plug and play between isomerous application softwares and platforms can be achieved by CIS interface, application software's independence and versatility can be guaranteed, software resource can be protected effectively. For real-time check of circuit breakers' interrupting capacity, the existing short-circuit current algorithm has been improved, re-numeration and re-optimization of nodes is avoided and computation speed is improved effectively by parallelling branch of negative impedance.
3) Study of information interaction between different EMS systems based on IEC 61970 standard. The online external network auto-equivalence software as an example is introduced to explain how the information of EMSs in defferent dispatching centers is interacted based on the IEC 61970 standard. By the test of equivalent effect, information interaction between EMSs can improve the computational accuracy of network analysis software effectively.
4) Study of the closed-loop active power automatic control system based on the coordination control in three dimensions of time, space and control objective. In time dimension, frequency regulation, AGC, the real-time dispatching and energy conservation dispatching at present as a research hotspot constitute the coordination control in time series; In space dimension, grid dispatching center, provincial dispatching center, power plants and generators constitute coordination control; In objective dimension, grid's technical characteristics such as frequency quality, balance between generation and load, security constraint and non-technical characteristics such as power market, energy conservation dispatching and so on are interweaved, the closed-loop active power control must adapt to all of the characteristics, coordination control is constituted based on the multi-objective. AGC control strategy based on CPS and real-time dispatch algorithm based on ultra short-term load forecast have been studied, the research results has been applied in practice, the remarkable effect has been obtained.
5) Study of the closed-loop reactive power (voltage) automatic control system based on the coordination control in three dimensions of time, space and control objective. In time dimension, AVC system of defferent level should choose appropriate control cycle, the difference of discrete control device and continual control device in time characteristic makes discrete equipment's control should combine the results of short-term and ultra short-term load forecast; In space dimension, appropriate coordination control variables among grid dispatching center, provincial dispatching center and regional dispatching center or between AVC primary station and AVC terminals in power plants are chosen to constitute coordination control; In objective dimension, mathematical model of reactive power optimization as well as the coordination between static voltage stabilization and AVC constitute coordination control.
6) Study of joint anti-accident exercise based on DTS systems' interconnection. All kinds of joint anti-accident exercise's modes are introduced and compared in this paper, the mode based on multistage DTS systems' interconnection has a lot of advantage as well as feasibility in practice, which can be achieved by the information interaction in time dimension and space dimension. In time dimension, information interaction between DTS systems is needed before, in and after joint anti-accident exercise; In space dimension, joint anti-accident exercise is achieved by the information interaction among three level dispatching centers (province, region and county), exercise between province and region is achieved by DTS systems' information interaction, exercise between region and county is achieved by WEB visit.
超级电网在空间、时间和控制目标等三个维度表现出复杂性,新一代EMS必须与之相适应。新一代EMS是在线分析、自动预警、自动运行的系统,是能适应电网在空间、时间和目标等三个维度上的特点进行多方面协调的综合预警和智能辅助决策系统,是基于全局优化的实时闭环控制系统。
本论文采用以点带面的研究方式,着重对构建新一代EMS过程中几个研究热点和重点进行探讨和研究,从而为研制新一代EMS提供新思路和解决方案。主要研究内容和结论如下:
1)基于CIM的电力系统建模研究。通过对CIM中的拓扑模型、物理设备模型、量测模型、控制模型和保护模型及其信息获取方式进行研究,可知除机电暂态分析外,CIM在网络分析中已基本具备了实用化的能力,如果能在实际应用中加以完善和补充,同时妥善解决控制模型中的缺陷和理解上的二义性问题,CIM模型应能适应更高要求的网络分析应用。
2)基于CIS的应用软件移植研究。阐述了基于CIS方式的短路电流软件移植,说明通过CIS接口可实现异构的应用软件与平台之间即插即用,应用软件的独立性和通用性可以得到保证,能有效保护软件资源。为了实现开关遮断容量的在线校核,对现有的短路电流算法进行了改进,通过并联负阻抗支路以避免重新节点优化编号,有效地提高了计算速度。
3)基于IEC 61970标准的EMS系统间信息交互研究。以在线外网等值软件为例说明调度中心的EMS之间如何进行基于IEC 61970标准的信息交互。通过对等值效果的测试,说明了EMS间的信息交互可有效地提高网络分析软件的计算精度。
4)基于目标、空间和时间三个维度上分解协调控制的有功闭环自动控制系统研究。在时间维上,一次调频、AGC、实时调度和目前作为研究热点的节能调度构成了时间序列上的分解协调控制;在空间维上,网调、省调、电厂和机组间构成了空间上的分解协调控制;在目标维上,频率质量、发用电平衡、安全约束等电网本身的技术特性和电力市场、节能调度等非电网的技术特性交织在一起,要求在有功闭环控制时全部满足,构成了基于多目标的分解协调控制。进行了基于CPS的AGC控制策略和基于超短期负荷预测的实时调度算法的研究,研究成果已付诸工程实践,取得显著实效。
5)基于目标、空间和时间三个维度上分解协调控制的无功(电压)闭环自动控制系统研究。在时间维上,分解协调控制体现在各级AVC系统应选择合适的控制周期以及离散型控制设备和连续型控制设备在响应时间特性上的差异,应结合短期和超短期负荷预测结果进行离散型设备的控制;在空间维上,网调、省调和地调AVC系统之间以及AVC主站和电厂AVC子站之间通过选择合适的协调控制变量构成了分解协调控制;在目标维上,通过无功优化数学模型以及静态电压稳定和AVC的协调实现了分解协调控制。
6)基于DTS互联的联合反事故演习模式研究。通过对各种联合反事故演习模式进行介绍和比较,得出基于多级DTS系统互联的联合反事故演习模式具备较多的优点,在工程上较强的可操作性,可通过在时间维和空间维上的信息交互来实现。在时间维上,需要DTS系统间在联合反事故演习前、演习中和演习后进行相关信息的交互:在空间维上,通过省、地、县三级调度机构间的信息交互实现联合反事故演习,省、地之间通过DTS系统间的信息交互来实现,地、县之间通过WEB访问的方式来实现。
With the power grid interconnection, large-capacity, ultra or extra-high voltage power equipments and new electric components have been linked together in ultra-large-scale grid, a super power grid is coming into being. Higher and more requirement is put forward to energy management system (EMS). Part of requirement is associated with the technical characteristics of grid, the performance of super grid is very complex because of mutual constraints and mutual influence of electric components, EMS is needed to analyze and control grid accuratly. Other requirement is associated with the non-technical characteristics of the power grid itself, EMS must meet the need of hierarchical dispatching system, power market and energy conservation, etc. The issues in technique aspect, management aspect, market aspect and policy aspect are intertwined, new ideas, new analysis and control technology are needed to apply in new generation of EMS.
The complexity of super grid is showed in three dimensions of space, time and control objective, new generation of EMS must be compatible with it. New generation of EMS is an online analysis, early warning, automatic operation and intelligent decision-making system, which can adapt well to the characteristics of grid in space, time and objective dimensions, is a real-time closed-loop control system based on global optimization.
Study work is executed from some spots to the whole situation in the paper. For new idea and solution to develop new generation of EMS, several research hotspots and emphases in constructing new generation of EMS are discussed and studied. The main research contents and conclusions are as follows:
1) Power system modelling research based on CIM. By studying the topology model, equipment model, measurement model, control model and protection model in CIM and their way of information acquisition, in addition to the mechanical and electrical transient analysis, we know CIM has had the practical ability in the network analysis. If CIM can be consummated and supplemented in the practical application, simultaneously, defects in the control model and the ambiguous question can be solved properly, CIM model ought to be able to adapt the higher request of network analysis application.
2) Study of application software transplant based on CIS. Transplant of short-circuit current software based on CIS is elaborated, plug and play between isomerous application softwares and platforms can be achieved by CIS interface, application software's independence and versatility can be guaranteed, software resource can be protected effectively. For real-time check of circuit breakers' interrupting capacity, the existing short-circuit current algorithm has been improved, re-numeration and re-optimization of nodes is avoided and computation speed is improved effectively by parallelling branch of negative impedance.
3) Study of information interaction between different EMS systems based on IEC 61970 standard. The online external network auto-equivalence software as an example is introduced to explain how the information of EMSs in defferent dispatching centers is interacted based on the IEC 61970 standard. By the test of equivalent effect, information interaction between EMSs can improve the computational accuracy of network analysis software effectively.
4) Study of the closed-loop active power automatic control system based on the coordination control in three dimensions of time, space and control objective. In time dimension, frequency regulation, AGC, the real-time dispatching and energy conservation dispatching at present as a research hotspot constitute the coordination control in time series; In space dimension, grid dispatching center, provincial dispatching center, power plants and generators constitute coordination control; In objective dimension, grid's technical characteristics such as frequency quality, balance between generation and load, security constraint and non-technical characteristics such as power market, energy conservation dispatching and so on are interweaved, the closed-loop active power control must adapt to all of the characteristics, coordination control is constituted based on the multi-objective. AGC control strategy based on CPS and real-time dispatch algorithm based on ultra short-term load forecast have been studied, the research results has been applied in practice, the remarkable effect has been obtained.
5) Study of the closed-loop reactive power (voltage) automatic control system based on the coordination control in three dimensions of time, space and control objective. In time dimension, AVC system of defferent level should choose appropriate control cycle, the difference of discrete control device and continual control device in time characteristic makes discrete equipment's control should combine the results of short-term and ultra short-term load forecast; In space dimension, appropriate coordination control variables among grid dispatching center, provincial dispatching center and regional dispatching center or between AVC primary station and AVC terminals in power plants are chosen to constitute coordination control; In objective dimension, mathematical model of reactive power optimization as well as the coordination between static voltage stabilization and AVC constitute coordination control.
6) Study of joint anti-accident exercise based on DTS systems' interconnection. All kinds of joint anti-accident exercise's modes are introduced and compared in this paper, the mode based on multistage DTS systems' interconnection has a lot of advantage as well as feasibility in practice, which can be achieved by the information interaction in time dimension and space dimension. In time dimension, information interaction between DTS systems is needed before, in and after joint anti-accident exercise; In space dimension, joint anti-accident exercise is achieved by the information interaction among three level dispatching centers (province, region and county), exercise between province and region is achieved by DTS systems' information interaction, exercise between region and county is achieved by WEB visit.
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