基于网络外部性、溢出效应的供应链纵向合作创新研究
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摘要
随着市场竞争的加剧,产品生命周期的缩短,以及网络经济和高新技术产业的发展,供应链间的产品开发和技术创新竞争越来越激烈,产品网络外部性特征和创新溢出效应明显。为了缩短产品开发周期,利用优势创新资源,增强核心竞争力,供应链上下游企业间的纵向创新合作已成为企业主要创新方式之一。若能对网络外部性、溢出效应环境下的供应链企业纵向合作创新投资策略进行研究,找出不同环境下的供应链企业最优创新投资策略,将极大激励我国企业的创新投资积极性,提高其创新投入强度,增强企业核心竞争力。
本文针对我国企业创新投入较低现状,以及现有研究的不足,建立基于网络外部性、溢出效应的供应链纵向合作创新博弈模型,研究供应链企业在不同合作模式下的创新投资策略,分析网络外部性,溢出效应以及合作模式等对企业创新投资策略,企业利润以及社会福利等的影响,找出不同环境下的供应链纵向合作创新最优策略以及完全合作模式下的利润分配机制,为企业研发投资策略以及政府科技政策的制定提供决策依据。
本文研究的具体内容如下:
①基于网络外部性的供应链纵向合作创新研究
这部分是本文第3章研究内容。主要是考虑在具有网络外部性的产品市场中,消费者除了能从购买产品中获得基本效用之外,还能获得一定的与产品网络规模相关的网络效用,建立基于网络外部性的供应链纵向合作创新博弈模型,对供应链上下游企业在不合作,半合作及完全合作等三种合作创新模式下的创新策略进行研究,分析网络外部性以及合作模式对企业创新策略的影响,并就促进供应链完全合作提出利润分配机制及按投入比例分配机制下的中间产品转移价格。
②基于网络外部性、成果溢出的供应链纵向合作创新研究
这部分是本文第4章研究内容。主要是考虑在具有网络外部性的产品市场中,消费者除了能从购买产品中获得基本效用之外,还能获得一定的与产品网络规模相关的网络效用;企业的创新成果因其具有的外部性特征,创新企业以外的其它企业可以通过反求工程等手段,从其创新成果中获益,即存在成果溢出效应,建立基于网络外部性、成果溢出的供应链纵向合作创新博弈模型,研究供应链上下游企业在不合作,半合作及完全合作等三种合作创新模式下的创新策略,分析网络外部性,成果溢出以及合作模式对企业创新策略的影响,并就如何促进供应链上下游企业采用完全合作模式提出按投入比例分配的利润分配机制及该机制下的中间产品转移价格。
③基于网络外部性、投资溢出的供应链纵向合作创新研究
这部分是本文第5章研究内容。主要是考虑在具有网络外部性的产品市场中,消费者除了能从购买产品中获得基本效用之外,还能获得一定的与产品网络规模相关的网络效用;在创新投资过程中存在着由企业间创新信息的交流或外泄,创新人员的流动等引起的投资溢出效应,建立基于网络外部性、投资溢出的供应链纵向合作创新博弈模型,研究供应链上下游企业在不合作,半合作及完全合作等三种合作创新模式下的创新策略,分析网络外部性,投资溢出以及合作模式对企业创新策略的影响,并就如何促进供应链上下游企业采用完全合作模式提出按投入比例分配的利润分配机制及该机制下的中间产品转移价格。
本文主要具有以下创新。
①考虑最终产品具有网络外部性,建立基于网络外部性的供应链纵向合作创新博弈模型,对供应链上下游企业在不合作,半合作及完全合作等三种合作创新模式下的创新策略进行研究,提出不同合作模式下的供应链合作创新最优策略,以及促进供应链完全合作的利润分配机制。
②考虑最终产品具有网络外部性,企业创新存在成果溢出效应,建立基于网络外部性、成果溢出的供应链纵向合作创新博弈模型,对供应链上下游企业在不合作,半合作及完全合作等三种合作创新模式下的创新策略进行研究,提出不同合作模式下的供应链合作创新最优策略,以及促进供应链完全合作的利润分配机制。
③考虑最终产品具有网络外部性,企业创新过程存在投资溢出效应,建立基于网络外部性、投资溢出的供应链纵向合作创新博弈模型,对供应链上下游企业在不合作,半合作及完全合作等三种合作创新模式下的创新策略进行研究,提出不同合作模式下的供应链合作创新最优策略,以及促进供应链完全合作的利润分配机制。
As the intensifying of market competition, the shortening of product life cycles, and the development of network economy and high-tech industries, Competition of product development and technological innovation between supply chains is getting more and more intense, and the network externality and spillover effects are very usual. In order to shorten product development cycles, use advantageous innovation resource, and enhance core competitiveness, the vertical cooperative innovation in supply chain has become the main ways innovation. If we can find the optimal innovation investment policies of enterprises under different invironment through the study on the vertical cooperative innovation investment polices with network externalities and spillover effects, it will greatly stimulate Chinese enterprises to investment more innovation resources, as a result their their core competitiveness will be enhanced.
In view of shortage of innovation investment from China's enterprises, as well as the inadequacy of existing studies, the vertical cooperative innovation game models with network externalities, spillover effects are developed to study the enterprises’innovation investment polices. The optimal investment policy and profit sharing arrangement for full cooperation are found through the analyises of the impact of network externalities, spillover effects and cooperative mode on investment policies, enterprises’profit and social welfare.
The main contents of this paper are as follows.
①Study on vertical cooperative innovation in supply chain with network externalities
This part contains chapter 3. Under the considerision that consumers can get basic utility and network utility related to the number of consumer, a vertical cooperative innovation game model with network externalities is developed, the enterprises’innovation policies in the non-cooperation, semi-cooperation and full cooperation are studied, the impact of network externalities and cooperation mode on enterprises’innovation policies are analyzed, and a proportional profit sharing arrangement and the price of intermediate product under it are proposed to prompt full cooperation.
②Study on vertical cooperative innovation in supply chain with network externalities and output spillover
This part contains chapter 4. Under the considerision that consumers can get basic utility and network utility related to the number of consumer, and there is output spillover in innovation, a vertical cooperative innovation game model with network externalities and output spillover is developed, the enterprises’innovation policies in the non-cooperation, semi-cooperation and full cooperation are studied, the impact of network externalities, output spillover and cooperation mode on enterprises’innovation policies are analyzed, and a proportional profit sharing arrangement and the price of intermediate product under it are proposed to prompt full cooperation.
③Study on vertical cooperative innovation in supply chain with network externalities and input spillover
This part contains chapter 4. Under the considerision that consumers can get basic utility and network utility related to the number of consumer, and there is input spillover in innovation, a vertical cooperative innovation game model with network externalities and input spillover is developed, the enterprises’innovation policies in the non-cooperation, semi-cooperation and full cooperation are studied, the impact of network externalities, input spillover and cooperation mode on enterprises’innovation policies are analyzed, and a proportional profit sharing arrangement and the price of intermediate product under it are proposed to prompt full cooperation.
This paper has the following innovations.
①Under the considerision that the final product has the characteristics of network externalities, a vertical cooperative innovation game model with network externalities is developed, the enterprises’innovation policies in the non-cooperation, semi-cooperation and full cooperation are studied, the optimal innovation policies of enterprises under different cooperation mode and a proportional profit sharing arrangement prompting full cooperation are proposed.
②Under the considerision that the final product has the characteristics of network externalities, and there is output spillover in innovation, a vertical cooperative innovation game model with network externalities and output spillover is developed, the enterprises’innovation policies in the non-cooperation, semi-cooperation and full cooperation are studied, the optimal innovation policies of enterprises under different cooperation mode and a proportional profit sharing arrangement prompting full cooperation are proposed.
③Under the considerision that the final product has the characteristics of network externalities, and there is input spillover in innovation, a vertical cooperative innovation game model with network externalities and input spillover is developed, the enterprises’ innovation policies in the non-cooperation, semi-cooperation and full cooperation are studied, the optimal innovation policies of enterprises under different cooperation mode and a proportional profit sharing arrangement prompting full cooperation are proposed.
本文针对我国企业创新投入较低现状,以及现有研究的不足,建立基于网络外部性、溢出效应的供应链纵向合作创新博弈模型,研究供应链企业在不同合作模式下的创新投资策略,分析网络外部性,溢出效应以及合作模式等对企业创新投资策略,企业利润以及社会福利等的影响,找出不同环境下的供应链纵向合作创新最优策略以及完全合作模式下的利润分配机制,为企业研发投资策略以及政府科技政策的制定提供决策依据。
本文研究的具体内容如下:
①基于网络外部性的供应链纵向合作创新研究
这部分是本文第3章研究内容。主要是考虑在具有网络外部性的产品市场中,消费者除了能从购买产品中获得基本效用之外,还能获得一定的与产品网络规模相关的网络效用,建立基于网络外部性的供应链纵向合作创新博弈模型,对供应链上下游企业在不合作,半合作及完全合作等三种合作创新模式下的创新策略进行研究,分析网络外部性以及合作模式对企业创新策略的影响,并就促进供应链完全合作提出利润分配机制及按投入比例分配机制下的中间产品转移价格。
②基于网络外部性、成果溢出的供应链纵向合作创新研究
这部分是本文第4章研究内容。主要是考虑在具有网络外部性的产品市场中,消费者除了能从购买产品中获得基本效用之外,还能获得一定的与产品网络规模相关的网络效用;企业的创新成果因其具有的外部性特征,创新企业以外的其它企业可以通过反求工程等手段,从其创新成果中获益,即存在成果溢出效应,建立基于网络外部性、成果溢出的供应链纵向合作创新博弈模型,研究供应链上下游企业在不合作,半合作及完全合作等三种合作创新模式下的创新策略,分析网络外部性,成果溢出以及合作模式对企业创新策略的影响,并就如何促进供应链上下游企业采用完全合作模式提出按投入比例分配的利润分配机制及该机制下的中间产品转移价格。
③基于网络外部性、投资溢出的供应链纵向合作创新研究
这部分是本文第5章研究内容。主要是考虑在具有网络外部性的产品市场中,消费者除了能从购买产品中获得基本效用之外,还能获得一定的与产品网络规模相关的网络效用;在创新投资过程中存在着由企业间创新信息的交流或外泄,创新人员的流动等引起的投资溢出效应,建立基于网络外部性、投资溢出的供应链纵向合作创新博弈模型,研究供应链上下游企业在不合作,半合作及完全合作等三种合作创新模式下的创新策略,分析网络外部性,投资溢出以及合作模式对企业创新策略的影响,并就如何促进供应链上下游企业采用完全合作模式提出按投入比例分配的利润分配机制及该机制下的中间产品转移价格。
本文主要具有以下创新。
①考虑最终产品具有网络外部性,建立基于网络外部性的供应链纵向合作创新博弈模型,对供应链上下游企业在不合作,半合作及完全合作等三种合作创新模式下的创新策略进行研究,提出不同合作模式下的供应链合作创新最优策略,以及促进供应链完全合作的利润分配机制。
②考虑最终产品具有网络外部性,企业创新存在成果溢出效应,建立基于网络外部性、成果溢出的供应链纵向合作创新博弈模型,对供应链上下游企业在不合作,半合作及完全合作等三种合作创新模式下的创新策略进行研究,提出不同合作模式下的供应链合作创新最优策略,以及促进供应链完全合作的利润分配机制。
③考虑最终产品具有网络外部性,企业创新过程存在投资溢出效应,建立基于网络外部性、投资溢出的供应链纵向合作创新博弈模型,对供应链上下游企业在不合作,半合作及完全合作等三种合作创新模式下的创新策略进行研究,提出不同合作模式下的供应链合作创新最优策略,以及促进供应链完全合作的利润分配机制。
As the intensifying of market competition, the shortening of product life cycles, and the development of network economy and high-tech industries, Competition of product development and technological innovation between supply chains is getting more and more intense, and the network externality and spillover effects are very usual. In order to shorten product development cycles, use advantageous innovation resource, and enhance core competitiveness, the vertical cooperative innovation in supply chain has become the main ways innovation. If we can find the optimal innovation investment policies of enterprises under different invironment through the study on the vertical cooperative innovation investment polices with network externalities and spillover effects, it will greatly stimulate Chinese enterprises to investment more innovation resources, as a result their their core competitiveness will be enhanced.
In view of shortage of innovation investment from China's enterprises, as well as the inadequacy of existing studies, the vertical cooperative innovation game models with network externalities, spillover effects are developed to study the enterprises’innovation investment polices. The optimal investment policy and profit sharing arrangement for full cooperation are found through the analyises of the impact of network externalities, spillover effects and cooperative mode on investment policies, enterprises’profit and social welfare.
The main contents of this paper are as follows.
①Study on vertical cooperative innovation in supply chain with network externalities
This part contains chapter 3. Under the considerision that consumers can get basic utility and network utility related to the number of consumer, a vertical cooperative innovation game model with network externalities is developed, the enterprises’innovation policies in the non-cooperation, semi-cooperation and full cooperation are studied, the impact of network externalities and cooperation mode on enterprises’innovation policies are analyzed, and a proportional profit sharing arrangement and the price of intermediate product under it are proposed to prompt full cooperation.
②Study on vertical cooperative innovation in supply chain with network externalities and output spillover
This part contains chapter 4. Under the considerision that consumers can get basic utility and network utility related to the number of consumer, and there is output spillover in innovation, a vertical cooperative innovation game model with network externalities and output spillover is developed, the enterprises’innovation policies in the non-cooperation, semi-cooperation and full cooperation are studied, the impact of network externalities, output spillover and cooperation mode on enterprises’innovation policies are analyzed, and a proportional profit sharing arrangement and the price of intermediate product under it are proposed to prompt full cooperation.
③Study on vertical cooperative innovation in supply chain with network externalities and input spillover
This part contains chapter 4. Under the considerision that consumers can get basic utility and network utility related to the number of consumer, and there is input spillover in innovation, a vertical cooperative innovation game model with network externalities and input spillover is developed, the enterprises’innovation policies in the non-cooperation, semi-cooperation and full cooperation are studied, the impact of network externalities, input spillover and cooperation mode on enterprises’innovation policies are analyzed, and a proportional profit sharing arrangement and the price of intermediate product under it are proposed to prompt full cooperation.
This paper has the following innovations.
①Under the considerision that the final product has the characteristics of network externalities, a vertical cooperative innovation game model with network externalities is developed, the enterprises’innovation policies in the non-cooperation, semi-cooperation and full cooperation are studied, the optimal innovation policies of enterprises under different cooperation mode and a proportional profit sharing arrangement prompting full cooperation are proposed.
②Under the considerision that the final product has the characteristics of network externalities, and there is output spillover in innovation, a vertical cooperative innovation game model with network externalities and output spillover is developed, the enterprises’innovation policies in the non-cooperation, semi-cooperation and full cooperation are studied, the optimal innovation policies of enterprises under different cooperation mode and a proportional profit sharing arrangement prompting full cooperation are proposed.
③Under the considerision that the final product has the characteristics of network externalities, and there is input spillover in innovation, a vertical cooperative innovation game model with network externalities and input spillover is developed, the enterprises’ innovation policies in the non-cooperation, semi-cooperation and full cooperation are studied, the optimal innovation policies of enterprises under different cooperation mode and a proportional profit sharing arrangement prompting full cooperation are proposed.
引文
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Harabi N. 2002. The Impact of Vertical R&D Cooperation on Firm Innovation: An Empirical Investigation[J]. Economics of Innovation and New Technology, 11(2):93-108.
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He Q., Zhao J.Y. 2009. An analysis of the economic effect of spatial R&D knowledge spillovers[J]. International Journal of Learning and Intellectual, 6(4):402-414.
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Huang T. 2009. Hotelling competition with demand on parallel line[J]. Economics Letters, 102(3):155-157.
Hur K.I, Watanabe C. 2001. Unintentional technology spillover between two sectors: kinetic approach[J]. Technovation, 21(4):227—235.
Hwang W., Oh J. 2009. Adoption of new online services in the presence of network externalities and complementarities[J]. Electronic Commerce Research and Applications, 8(1):3-15.
Ishii A. 2004. Cooperative R&D between vertically related firms with spillovers[J]. International Journal of Industrial Organization, 22(8-9):1213-1235.
Kalaignanam K, Shankar V, Varadarajan R. 2007. Asymmetric New Product Development Alliances: Win-Win or Win-Lose Partnerships[J]. Management Science, 53(3):357-374.
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Katz M.L., Shapiro C. 1992. Product introduction with network externalities[J]. Journal of Industrial Economics, 40(1):55-84.
Katz M.L., Shapiro C. 1994. Systems competition and Network Effects[J]. Journal of Economic Perspectives, 8(2):93-115.
Kim J.Y. 2000. Product compatibility and technological innovation[J]. International Economic Journal, 14(3):87-100.
Kim J.Y. 2002. Product compatibility as a signal of quality in a market with network externalities[J]. International Journal of Industrial Organization, 20(7):949-964.
Klimenko M.M. 2009. Policies and international trade agreements on technical compatibility for industries with network externalities[J]. Journal of International Economics, 77(2):151-166.
Kono H. 2006. Employment with connections: Negative network effects[J]. Journal of Development Economics, 81(1):244-258.
Kristiansen E.G. 1996. R&D in markets with network externalities[J]. International Journal of Industrial Orgaization, 14(6):769-784.
Larralde H., J StehléJ., P Jensen P. 2009. Analytical solution of a multi-dimensional Hotelling model with quadratic transportation costs[J]. Regional Science and Urban Economics, 39(3):343-349.
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