基于Web的铝电解信息集成系统的研究与应用
摘要
铝电解信息集成系统借助Web技术把铝电解过程控制系统的槽状态信息延伸到管理网络，用浏览器查询访问，供槽况分析和诊断，是管理网络和控制网络的衔接部分。本文以中铝股份河南分公司电解厂管控一体化网络为实验、研究与应用对象，对信息集成技术进行了广泛深入的研究。主要的工作和成果有：
(1)针对目前铝电解控制系统中普遍存在的槽况信息没有上管理网，无法实现远程监控，不能把上层管理信息直接转化为生产操作结果等问题，提出将控制、优化、管理、决策集于一体的的设计方案，把主控机的部分功能移植到客户机，对指导铝电解生产无疑具有重要的意义。
(2)在对传统C/S两层结构、基于Web的两层结构充分分析、比较的基础上，提出了适应于分布式异构环境的基于Web的三层应用程序模型，是关系系统开发优劣的关键。该模型具有易于配置和维护、安全性能提高的优点。
(3)网关软件的开发解决了协议数据从CAN总线到Ethernet网的转换问题，利用ADO技术对网络数据库进行操作，特别是，基于TCP/IP协议实现VB应用程序与Java应用程序的数据交换，为系统成功开发奠定了基础。
(4)建立企业内部网站，把Web技术首次应用于铝电解生产管理中，使工业软件由非Web风格转向Web风格，减少了用户端维护，简化了操作。具有界面统一、可移植、分布式、安全等特点。
(5)在对铝电解控制系统深入研究的基础上，把其中流动的、铝电解生产所需的信息(静态数据和实时数据)在客户端进行科学的处理：用Servlet+JDBC方法实现了静态数据传输；用Java Socket编程实现了实时数据传输。
(6)实际编写应用程序服务器组件和Applet嵌入程序(客户端)。应用程序服务器负责接收来自Applet端和VB端的请求，根据请求类型采取不同的获取信息的方式，处理中间结果，并将得到的最后结果作为响应返回客户端；客户端根据用户操作要求负责发送请求信息，并把返回结果以表格或图形的方式显示。整个过程对用户是完全透明的，保证了数据的时效性、准确性，提高了企业的现代化管理水平。
该系统在中铝股份河南分公司电解厂的实际应用结果表明，这一技术的研究对铝电解生产管理有很大的促进作用，达到了良好的效果，而且对铝电解厂信息化建设模式有很好的参考价值。该系统具有可靠性高、扩展性能好、兼容性好的优点，经济和社会效益显著。
The information integrated system of aluminum electrolysis, which is assisted by web technology, extends the cell state information of the electrolysis process into the management network so that it can be checked by a browser and used for analysis and diagnosis of cell state. It is the intersection between the management network and control network. In this study, the management-control integrated network of Henan branch of Chinese Aluminum Co, Ltd was took for the objective of experiments, research and applications, and a wide and deep research on information integrated technology was made. The main achievements were as follows:
(1) Aiming at the existed problem of present aluminum electrolysis control system such as cell state information can't be connected to manage network, remote monitor can't be accomplished, upper management information can't be converted to operational result directly, a design scheme of converging control, optimization, management decision into a whole was proposed, and part function of super controller was transplanted to client. It undoubtedly have magnificent meaning to guiding aluminum electrolysis production.
(2) Based on thorough analysis and comparison of the traditional C/S two-layer architecture and the web-based two-layer architecture, a web-based three-layer application program model adapt to distributed isomeric environment was put forward, which is critical to the development of the system. The system had features of easy configuration, easy maintenance and high safety.
(3) The development of gateway software resolved the problem of transferring protocol data from CAN bus to Ethernet. ADO technique was adopted to operate web database. Particularly, the data interchange between VB application software and Java application software based on TCP/IP protocol laid the foundation of successfully developed the system.
(4) The inner website of the company was build, and web technology was first applied to the production control of the aluminum electrolysis and so that industrial software's style was changed from no-web to web. The client's maintenance was reduced and operation was simplified. This system had uniform interface and was easy to be transplanted, distributed, and safety.
(5) Based on deeply research of the aluminum electrolysis control system, a scientific method of dealing with running and necessary datum in the process of aluminum electrolysis (including state datum and real-time datum) were established in client: the state datum were transmitted by Servlet and JDBC and real-time datum were transmitted by Java socket programming.
(6) The application server component and applet embedded program (client) were practically programmed. The application sever component took charge of receiving the requests from applet and Visual Basic and took different methods to get information according to the style of request, then treated temporary results and return the latest results to the client as response. The client took charge of sending requests information according to the user's operation and displayed the results returned as tables and graphs. The whole process was completely transparent for users, which ensured the datum were real-time and accurate and improved the level of modern management.
The application of the system to Henan branch of Chinese Aluminum Co, Ltd showed that the research of the technology made great contributions to the management of aluminum electrolysis and bring good effects. Moreover, it has reference value to the model of information construction of aluminum electrolysis plant. The system is characteristic of high reliability, good extension performance,, good compatibility and remarkable economical and social benefit.
(1)针对目前铝电解控制系统中普遍存在的槽况信息没有上管理网，无法实现远程监控，不能把上层管理信息直接转化为生产操作结果等问题，提出将控制、优化、管理、决策集于一体的的设计方案，把主控机的部分功能移植到客户机，对指导铝电解生产无疑具有重要的意义。
(2)在对传统C/S两层结构、基于Web的两层结构充分分析、比较的基础上，提出了适应于分布式异构环境的基于Web的三层应用程序模型，是关系系统开发优劣的关键。该模型具有易于配置和维护、安全性能提高的优点。
(3)网关软件的开发解决了协议数据从CAN总线到Ethernet网的转换问题，利用ADO技术对网络数据库进行操作，特别是，基于TCP/IP协议实现VB应用程序与Java应用程序的数据交换，为系统成功开发奠定了基础。
(4)建立企业内部网站，把Web技术首次应用于铝电解生产管理中，使工业软件由非Web风格转向Web风格，减少了用户端维护，简化了操作。具有界面统一、可移植、分布式、安全等特点。
(5)在对铝电解控制系统深入研究的基础上，把其中流动的、铝电解生产所需的信息(静态数据和实时数据)在客户端进行科学的处理：用Servlet+JDBC方法实现了静态数据传输；用Java Socket编程实现了实时数据传输。
(6)实际编写应用程序服务器组件和Applet嵌入程序(客户端)。应用程序服务器负责接收来自Applet端和VB端的请求，根据请求类型采取不同的获取信息的方式，处理中间结果，并将得到的最后结果作为响应返回客户端；客户端根据用户操作要求负责发送请求信息，并把返回结果以表格或图形的方式显示。整个过程对用户是完全透明的，保证了数据的时效性、准确性，提高了企业的现代化管理水平。
该系统在中铝股份河南分公司电解厂的实际应用结果表明，这一技术的研究对铝电解生产管理有很大的促进作用，达到了良好的效果，而且对铝电解厂信息化建设模式有很好的参考价值。该系统具有可靠性高、扩展性能好、兼容性好的优点，经济和社会效益显著。
The information integrated system of aluminum electrolysis, which is assisted by web technology, extends the cell state information of the electrolysis process into the management network so that it can be checked by a browser and used for analysis and diagnosis of cell state. It is the intersection between the management network and control network. In this study, the management-control integrated network of Henan branch of Chinese Aluminum Co, Ltd was took for the objective of experiments, research and applications, and a wide and deep research on information integrated technology was made. The main achievements were as follows:
(1) Aiming at the existed problem of present aluminum electrolysis control system such as cell state information can't be connected to manage network, remote monitor can't be accomplished, upper management information can't be converted to operational result directly, a design scheme of converging control, optimization, management decision into a whole was proposed, and part function of super controller was transplanted to client. It undoubtedly have magnificent meaning to guiding aluminum electrolysis production.
(2) Based on thorough analysis and comparison of the traditional C/S two-layer architecture and the web-based two-layer architecture, a web-based three-layer application program model adapt to distributed isomeric environment was put forward, which is critical to the development of the system. The system had features of easy configuration, easy maintenance and high safety.
(3) The development of gateway software resolved the problem of transferring protocol data from CAN bus to Ethernet. ADO technique was adopted to operate web database. Particularly, the data interchange between VB application software and Java application software based on TCP/IP protocol laid the foundation of successfully developed the system.
(4) The inner website of the company was build, and web technology was first applied to the production control of the aluminum electrolysis and so that industrial software's style was changed from no-web to web. The client's maintenance was reduced and operation was simplified. This system had uniform interface and was easy to be transplanted, distributed, and safety.
(5) Based on deeply research of the aluminum electrolysis control system, a scientific method of dealing with running and necessary datum in the process of aluminum electrolysis (including state datum and real-time datum) were established in client: the state datum were transmitted by Servlet and JDBC and real-time datum were transmitted by Java socket programming.
(6) The application server component and applet embedded program (client) were practically programmed. The application sever component took charge of receiving the requests from applet and Visual Basic and took different methods to get information according to the style of request, then treated temporary results and return the latest results to the client as response. The client took charge of sending requests information according to the user's operation and displayed the results returned as tables and graphs. The whole process was completely transparent for users, which ensured the datum were real-time and accurate and improved the level of modern management.
The application of the system to Henan branch of Chinese Aluminum Co, Ltd showed that the research of the technology made great contributions to the management of aluminum electrolysis and bring good effects. Moreover, it has reference value to the model of information construction of aluminum electrolysis plant. The system is characteristic of high reliability, good extension performance,, good compatibility and remarkable economical and social benefit.
引文
[1]李劼，丁风其，吴军，等，基于现场总线全分步式铝电解槽自动控制机，轻金属，2001 (4)
[2]李劼，智能模糊控制技术在160KA预焙铝电解槽上的应用，中南工业大学博士后出站报告，1995
[3]Tikasz L et al.Expert Systems Applied to Control Aluminium Smelters,Light Metals,1990
[4]李劼，丁风其，邹忠，吴军，等，基于现场总线全分步式铝电解智能控制系统项目鉴定材料，中国长城铝业公司电解厂，中南大学业翔科技公司，1999．12
[5]殷恩生，胡鹏，等，“铝电解系列集散型控制系统(DCS)开发研究”鉴定材料，平果铝业公司，贵阳铝镁设计研究院，1997．10
[6]杨文萍，王晓东，等，“铝电解厂过程化数据在线管理系统(LD-PDOM)”技术报告，兰州铝业股份有限公司，兰州联创科技股份有限公司，2001．8
[7]王喜明，王云利，乔华，铝电解综合管理信息系统的开发与应用，轻金属，2002(4)
[8]沈宁，等，德国联合铝业电解铝计算机控制系统初探，轻金属，2001(5)
[9]伍志方，基于Web的生产实时监控系统的应用，工业控制计算机，2002(2)
[10]邱萌，赵英凯，利用Web技术实现的化工生产管理信息系统，工业控制计算机，2002(10)
[11]余波，沈炯，基于Web的风粉在线网络实时监测系统的设计与研究，工业控制计算机，2002(3)
[12]蔡林沁，谢阅，李风保，基于Web混合模式的煤矿安全管理信息系统，工业控制计算机，2002(8)
[13]赵矿所，任立，基于CORBA／Web的智能舰船信息集成技术，工业控制计算机，2001(12)
[14]冯冬青，谢宋和，等编著，模糊智能控制，北京：化学工业出版社，1998
[15]李劼，点式下料铝电解槽计算机控制模型的研究，中南大学博士论文，1993．3
[16]Y.Macaudiere In:Light Metals 1988(TMS):607—612
[17]Tnoue T,Mino Y.In:Light Metals 1985(TMS):485—498
[18]Rolland W K et al.In:Light Metals 1991(TMS):437—443
[19]曹伟生，许映秋，基于CORBA／Web的应用信息集成系统体系结构及其实施模型，计算机应用，2002(2)
[20]陈尚兵，等，基于Internet／Intranet的生产监控平台的开发与研究，工业控制计算机，2001(4)
[22]周宝龙，岳继光，萧蕴涛，基于CAN控制器的对等式单片机多机系统的通信，电子技术应用，2001(2)
[21]刘金贵，杨天玉，吴军，基于CAN总线的分布式铝电解控制系统，电子技术应用，2001(1)
[23]阳宪惠，现场总线技术及应用，北京：清华大学出版社，1999
[24]邬宽明，CAN总线原理和应用系统设计，北京：北京航空航天大学出版社，1996
[25]Mike Gunderloy著，张光霞，等译，Visual Basic开发指南-ADO篇，北京：电子工业出版社，2000
[26]Dianne Siebold著，邱仲潘，等译，Visual Basic开发指南-SQL Server篇，北京：电子工业出版社，2000
[27](美)Jeffrey P.Mcmanus著，赵军锁等译，Visual Basic 6数据库访问技术，北京：机械工业出版社，1999．10。
[28](美)Stephen Wynkoop著，张蓉，等译，SQL Server 7.0开发指南，北京：电子工业出版社，1999
[29](美)Stephen Wynkoop著，康博创作室译，SQL Server 6.5开发使用手册，北京：机械工业出版社，西蒙与舒斯特国际出版公司，1998
[30]谢艺华编著，深入Tava Servlets网络编程，西安：西安电子科技大学出版社，2001
[31](美)Tames Goodwill等著，邢国庆，等译，深入学习：Java Servelet开发与实例，北京：电子工业出版社，2001
[32](美)Bill Brogden著，邱仲潘，谢树锋，等译，Java开发指南-Servlets和JSP篇，北京：电子工业出版社，2001
[33]金勇华，曲俊生等编著，Java网络高级编程，北京：人民邮电出版社，2001
[34]Paul，Perrone,et al著，张志伟，等译，J2EE构建企业系统北京：清华大学出版社，2001
[35]贾东耀，汪仁煌，B／S结构监控系统实时数据的动态显示，电气自动化，2002．4
[36]Ch(?)d Darby，等著，邱仲潘，等译，Java网络编程指南，北京：电子工业出版社，2002
[37]John Zukowski著，邱仲潘，等译，Java 2从入门到精通，北京：电子工业出版社，1999
[38]Herbert Schildt著，张玉清，等译，Java 2参考大全，北京：清华大学出版社，2002
[39]飞思科技产品研发中心著，Java 2应用开发指南，北京：电子工业出版社，2001
[2]李劼，智能模糊控制技术在160KA预焙铝电解槽上的应用，中南工业大学博士后出站报告，1995
[3]Tikasz L et al.Expert Systems Applied to Control Aluminium Smelters,Light Metals,1990
[4]李劼，丁风其，邹忠，吴军，等，基于现场总线全分步式铝电解智能控制系统项目鉴定材料，中国长城铝业公司电解厂，中南大学业翔科技公司，1999．12
[5]殷恩生，胡鹏，等，“铝电解系列集散型控制系统(DCS)开发研究”鉴定材料，平果铝业公司，贵阳铝镁设计研究院，1997．10
[6]杨文萍，王晓东，等，“铝电解厂过程化数据在线管理系统(LD-PDOM)”技术报告，兰州铝业股份有限公司，兰州联创科技股份有限公司，2001．8
[7]王喜明，王云利，乔华，铝电解综合管理信息系统的开发与应用，轻金属，2002(4)
[8]沈宁，等，德国联合铝业电解铝计算机控制系统初探，轻金属，2001(5)
[9]伍志方，基于Web的生产实时监控系统的应用，工业控制计算机，2002(2)
[10]邱萌，赵英凯，利用Web技术实现的化工生产管理信息系统，工业控制计算机，2002(10)
[11]余波，沈炯，基于Web的风粉在线网络实时监测系统的设计与研究，工业控制计算机，2002(3)
[12]蔡林沁，谢阅，李风保，基于Web混合模式的煤矿安全管理信息系统，工业控制计算机，2002(8)
[13]赵矿所，任立，基于CORBA／Web的智能舰船信息集成技术，工业控制计算机，2001(12)
[14]冯冬青，谢宋和，等编著，模糊智能控制，北京：化学工业出版社，1998
[15]李劼，点式下料铝电解槽计算机控制模型的研究，中南大学博士论文，1993．3
[16]Y.Macaudiere In:Light Metals 1988(TMS):607—612
[17]Tnoue T,Mino Y.In:Light Metals 1985(TMS):485—498
[18]Rolland W K et al.In:Light Metals 1991(TMS):437—443
[19]曹伟生，许映秋，基于CORBA／Web的应用信息集成系统体系结构及其实施模型，计算机应用，2002(2)
[20]陈尚兵，等，基于Internet／Intranet的生产监控平台的开发与研究，工业控制计算机，2001(4)
[22]周宝龙，岳继光，萧蕴涛，基于CAN控制器的对等式单片机多机系统的通信，电子技术应用，2001(2)
[21]刘金贵，杨天玉，吴军，基于CAN总线的分布式铝电解控制系统，电子技术应用，2001(1)
[23]阳宪惠，现场总线技术及应用，北京：清华大学出版社，1999
[24]邬宽明，CAN总线原理和应用系统设计，北京：北京航空航天大学出版社，1996
[25]Mike Gunderloy著，张光霞，等译，Visual Basic开发指南-ADO篇，北京：电子工业出版社，2000
[26]Dianne Siebold著，邱仲潘，等译，Visual Basic开发指南-SQL Server篇，北京：电子工业出版社，2000
[27](美)Jeffrey P.Mcmanus著，赵军锁等译，Visual Basic 6数据库访问技术，北京：机械工业出版社，1999．10。
[28](美)Stephen Wynkoop著，张蓉，等译，SQL Server 7.0开发指南，北京：电子工业出版社，1999
[29](美)Stephen Wynkoop著，康博创作室译，SQL Server 6.5开发使用手册，北京：机械工业出版社，西蒙与舒斯特国际出版公司，1998
[30]谢艺华编著，深入Tava Servlets网络编程，西安：西安电子科技大学出版社，2001
[31](美)Tames Goodwill等著，邢国庆，等译，深入学习：Java Servelet开发与实例，北京：电子工业出版社，2001
[32](美)Bill Brogden著，邱仲潘，谢树锋，等译，Java开发指南-Servlets和JSP篇，北京：电子工业出版社，2001
[33]金勇华，曲俊生等编著，Java网络高级编程，北京：人民邮电出版社，2001
[34]Paul，Perrone,et al著，张志伟，等译，J2EE构建企业系统北京：清华大学出版社，2001
[35]贾东耀，汪仁煌，B／S结构监控系统实时数据的动态显示，电气自动化，2002．4
[36]Ch(?)d Darby，等著，邱仲潘，等译，Java网络编程指南，北京：电子工业出版社，2002
[37]John Zukowski著，邱仲潘，等译，Java 2从入门到精通，北京：电子工业出版社，1999
[38]Herbert Schildt著，张玉清，等译，Java 2参考大全，北京：清华大学出版社，2002
[39]飞思科技产品研发中心著，Java 2应用开发指南，北京：电子工业出版社，2001