基于SCORM的《计算机基础》网络课程的设计与应用研究
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摘要
随着计算机技术、网络技术和信息技术的高速发展,数字化学习(E-Learning)的应用领域越来越广,不同行业的学习者都接受了这一现代化的学习方式。在SCORM规范制订之前,数字化学习缺乏一个统一的标准。SCORM(Sharable ContentObject Reference Model)规范是目前数字化学习领域中最具权威的标准。本论文在研究大量国内外相关文献资料的基础上,依据SCORM规范体系结构,设计并实现了《计算机基础》网络课程。
论文详细叙述了SCORM 2004规范的体系结构,并介绍相关知识。在此基础上,结合自己的教学工作经验,开发出了适合普通本科学生使用的网络课程。在此开发过程中,依据SCORM 2004的相关思想并与《大学计算机基础》纸质教材相结合,完成课程结构和网页脚本的设计。采用SCORM 2004所定义的元数据信息模型,描述各组件,使课程资源具有重用性与互通性。在课程资源的可重用性方面,采用本体论的思想,对资源进行深度搜索,以达到资源利用率的最大化。
网络课程设计并实现后,将其进行打包并导入学习管理系统(LMS)。将该网络课程应用于数百名本科学生中并对学生进行问卷调查,对问卷的结果数据进行分析研究,然后根据学生的反馈信息对网络课程做了进一步的修改,使之更具有实用性和推广性。
With the rapid development of computer technology, network technology and information technology, Digital Learning (E-Learning) is applied more and more widely. Learners in different fields have accepted it. However E-Learning is lack of a unified standard before formulating the SCORM. SCORM (Sharable Content Object Reference Model) is the most authoritative standard in E-Learning. After studying a large number of domestic and international documents, according to the SCORM standard architecture, the paper designed and realized a web course—"Basic Computer".
In this paper, SCORM 2004 and the relevant knowledge are described in detail. In terms of SCORM standard architecture and the author's teaching experience, the paper developed a web course—"Basic Computer", which adapt for majority of undergraduates. According to SCORM 2004 standard and teaching materials, the paper designed the course architecture and webpage script. Using metadata information model defined by SCORM 2004, descript the course components, which makes the web course reusable and interoperable. In order to make the web course reusable, I adopted the idea of ontology to search resources on depth, which can achieve the maximum utilization of resources.
Packed the web course and loaded it into LMS (Learning Management System) after it was designed and implemented. Hundreds of undergraduates used the web course and filled out a questionnaire. Analyzed the questionnaires' data and feedback information, it helped me to modify the web course. Finally, the web course is more practicable and more promotive.
论文详细叙述了SCORM 2004规范的体系结构,并介绍相关知识。在此基础上,结合自己的教学工作经验,开发出了适合普通本科学生使用的网络课程。在此开发过程中,依据SCORM 2004的相关思想并与《大学计算机基础》纸质教材相结合,完成课程结构和网页脚本的设计。采用SCORM 2004所定义的元数据信息模型,描述各组件,使课程资源具有重用性与互通性。在课程资源的可重用性方面,采用本体论的思想,对资源进行深度搜索,以达到资源利用率的最大化。
网络课程设计并实现后,将其进行打包并导入学习管理系统(LMS)。将该网络课程应用于数百名本科学生中并对学生进行问卷调查,对问卷的结果数据进行分析研究,然后根据学生的反馈信息对网络课程做了进一步的修改,使之更具有实用性和推广性。
With the rapid development of computer technology, network technology and information technology, Digital Learning (E-Learning) is applied more and more widely. Learners in different fields have accepted it. However E-Learning is lack of a unified standard before formulating the SCORM. SCORM (Sharable Content Object Reference Model) is the most authoritative standard in E-Learning. After studying a large number of domestic and international documents, according to the SCORM standard architecture, the paper designed and realized a web course—"Basic Computer".
In this paper, SCORM 2004 and the relevant knowledge are described in detail. In terms of SCORM standard architecture and the author's teaching experience, the paper developed a web course—"Basic Computer", which adapt for majority of undergraduates. According to SCORM 2004 standard and teaching materials, the paper designed the course architecture and webpage script. Using metadata information model defined by SCORM 2004, descript the course components, which makes the web course reusable and interoperable. In order to make the web course reusable, I adopted the idea of ontology to search resources on depth, which can achieve the maximum utilization of resources.
Packed the web course and loaded it into LMS (Learning Management System) after it was designed and implemented. Hundreds of undergraduates used the web course and filled out a questionnaire. Analyzed the questionnaires' data and feedback information, it helped me to modify the web course. Finally, the web course is more practicable and more promotive.
引文
[1]何克抗,郑永柏,谢幼如.教学系统设计[M].北京:北京师范大学出版社,2002.10.
[2]余胜泉.SCORM—E—Learning的国际技术标准[J].中国远程教育,2003.5.
[3]张骞等.E-Learning支持SCORM规范的实现[J].华中科技大学学报:自然科学版,2003.10.
[4]祝智庭.中国网络教育技术标准化在行动[J].中国远程教育资讯,2002.12.
[5]戴欣,申瑞民,申丽萍.基于SCORM规范的智能化通用教学平台的实现[J].计算机工程与应用,2002.21.
[6]严玥,李华.符合SCORM标准的远程教育课件设计[J].重庆工商大学学报:自然科学版,2005.4.
[7]陆静,杨路明,宋虹.基于SCORM规范的教学管理平台的开发实现[J].计算机工程与数字,2005.3.
[8]袁敏,高守平.基于SCORM的流媒体资源共享平台的研究与设计[J].微电子学与计算机,2007.24.
[9]朱新华.基于规范的可共享智能型Web课件的制作[J].计算机工程与应用,2007.43.
[10]杨素君,周勇,何俊杰.基于Browsers/Web模式的网络课程系统设计[J].东华大学学报:自然科学版,2006.10.
[11]王俊,陈启安.基于国际标准的CAI网络课件设计规范研究[J].教育信息化,2006.6.
[12]王俊.如何制作符合SCORM规范的内容包[J].职教论坛,2006.8.
[13]王华东,胡乐尧.网络课程的设计与实现[J].周口师范学院学报,2006.3.
[14]朱新华,罗辉.基于SCORM的开放式内容对象及其运行环境的设计[J].计算机工程与设计,2005.11.
[16]张彦钊,李霞.基于SCORM的在线试题开发工具的研究[J].微机发展,2005.11.
[17]张群,程玉,黄庆炬.SCORM标准的改进设想和OCO的提出[J].湖北工业大学学报,2006.8.
[18]袁敏,龚德良.符合SCORM标准的SMIL可共享内容对象的研究[J].微计算机信息,2006.22.
[19]梁静,游志胜.基于SCORM标准的共享式网络课程设计[J].成都电子机械高等专科学校学报,2006.3.
[20]蔡群英.符合SCORM规范的内容包制作工具的实现技术[J].计算机系统应用,2007.8.
[21]林邦国.浅谈基于SCORM规范的电大网络课件的设计与开发[J].中国科教创新导刊,2007(462).
[22]梁林梅,焦建利.我国网络课程现状的调查分析与反思[J].开放教育研究,2002.6.
[23]林君芬,余泉胜.关于我国网络课程现状与问题的思考[J].现代教育技术,2001.1.
[24]余胜泉,俞晖.可共享内容对象参考模型研究[J].现代远程教育研究,2003.1.
[25]李浩.基于SCORM规范的网络教学平台的设计与实现[D].苏州大学硕士学位论文,2004.6.
[26]丁亚雄.基于SCORM标准的数据模型的设计与实现[D].西安电子科技大学硕士学位论文,2007.3.
[27]宋婷玉.基于SCORM标准的网络课程设计研究[D].华东师范大学硕士学位论文,2005.4.
[28]邱缤莹.开发SCORM教材之多媒体编辑工具实作[D].中国台湾国立成功大学硕士学位论文,2003.6.
[29]胡杨等.一种基于本体的具有语义搜索功能的E-Learning模型[J].计算机与现代化,2006.11.
[30]文学志等.基于语义相似度的SCORM学习资源整合[J].计算机工程与应用,2006.17.
[31]文学志等.SCORM学习资源搜索算法设计[J].沈阳师范大学学报:自然科学版.2006.4.
[32]Byung-In Cho.Dynamic Planning Models to Support Curriculum Planning and Multiple Tutoring Protocols in Intelligent Tutoring Systems[D].Ph.D.Dissertation, Illinois Institute of Technology,Chicago,Illinois,2000
[33]Connolly R.,Khare R.,Rifkin A.The Evolution of Web Documents:The Ascent of XML[J].Xmlspecial issue of the World Wide Web Journal,1997,2(4).
[34]Edwards D.M.,Hardman L..Lost in hyperspace:Cognitive mapping and navigation in a hypertext environment.Oxford:Blackwell Scientific,1989.
[35]Shackelford.A SCORM odyssey:the University Of Wisconsin's joumey through standards has lessons for anyone about to embark on e-learning[J].T&D,2002(8).
[36]Smith Reggie.Federal Strides in Learning Technology:How has the government impacted the e-learning word[J].E-Learning,2001(10).
[37]Rumbaugh J.Object-oriented modeling and Design[M].Indianapolis:Prentice Hall PTR Publishing Company,1991.
[38]Advanced Distributed Learning(ADL).[2007-08-02].http://www.adlnet.org.
[39]IMS Global earning Consortium.[2007-09-12].http://www.imsglobal.org.
[40]Novak,J.D..Concept mapping:A Useful Tool for Science Education[J].Journal of Research in Science Teaching,1999,27(10).
[2]余胜泉.SCORM—E—Learning的国际技术标准[J].中国远程教育,2003.5.
[3]张骞等.E-Learning支持SCORM规范的实现[J].华中科技大学学报:自然科学版,2003.10.
[4]祝智庭.中国网络教育技术标准化在行动[J].中国远程教育资讯,2002.12.
[5]戴欣,申瑞民,申丽萍.基于SCORM规范的智能化通用教学平台的实现[J].计算机工程与应用,2002.21.
[6]严玥,李华.符合SCORM标准的远程教育课件设计[J].重庆工商大学学报:自然科学版,2005.4.
[7]陆静,杨路明,宋虹.基于SCORM规范的教学管理平台的开发实现[J].计算机工程与数字,2005.3.
[8]袁敏,高守平.基于SCORM的流媒体资源共享平台的研究与设计[J].微电子学与计算机,2007.24.
[9]朱新华.基于规范的可共享智能型Web课件的制作[J].计算机工程与应用,2007.43.
[10]杨素君,周勇,何俊杰.基于Browsers/Web模式的网络课程系统设计[J].东华大学学报:自然科学版,2006.10.
[11]王俊,陈启安.基于国际标准的CAI网络课件设计规范研究[J].教育信息化,2006.6.
[12]王俊.如何制作符合SCORM规范的内容包[J].职教论坛,2006.8.
[13]王华东,胡乐尧.网络课程的设计与实现[J].周口师范学院学报,2006.3.
[14]朱新华,罗辉.基于SCORM的开放式内容对象及其运行环境的设计[J].计算机工程与设计,2005.11.
[16]张彦钊,李霞.基于SCORM的在线试题开发工具的研究[J].微机发展,2005.11.
[17]张群,程玉,黄庆炬.SCORM标准的改进设想和OCO的提出[J].湖北工业大学学报,2006.8.
[18]袁敏,龚德良.符合SCORM标准的SMIL可共享内容对象的研究[J].微计算机信息,2006.22.
[19]梁静,游志胜.基于SCORM标准的共享式网络课程设计[J].成都电子机械高等专科学校学报,2006.3.
[20]蔡群英.符合SCORM规范的内容包制作工具的实现技术[J].计算机系统应用,2007.8.
[21]林邦国.浅谈基于SCORM规范的电大网络课件的设计与开发[J].中国科教创新导刊,2007(462).
[22]梁林梅,焦建利.我国网络课程现状的调查分析与反思[J].开放教育研究,2002.6.
[23]林君芬,余泉胜.关于我国网络课程现状与问题的思考[J].现代教育技术,2001.1.
[24]余胜泉,俞晖.可共享内容对象参考模型研究[J].现代远程教育研究,2003.1.
[25]李浩.基于SCORM规范的网络教学平台的设计与实现[D].苏州大学硕士学位论文,2004.6.
[26]丁亚雄.基于SCORM标准的数据模型的设计与实现[D].西安电子科技大学硕士学位论文,2007.3.
[27]宋婷玉.基于SCORM标准的网络课程设计研究[D].华东师范大学硕士学位论文,2005.4.
[28]邱缤莹.开发SCORM教材之多媒体编辑工具实作[D].中国台湾国立成功大学硕士学位论文,2003.6.
[29]胡杨等.一种基于本体的具有语义搜索功能的E-Learning模型[J].计算机与现代化,2006.11.
[30]文学志等.基于语义相似度的SCORM学习资源整合[J].计算机工程与应用,2006.17.
[31]文学志等.SCORM学习资源搜索算法设计[J].沈阳师范大学学报:自然科学版.2006.4.
[32]Byung-In Cho.Dynamic Planning Models to Support Curriculum Planning and Multiple Tutoring Protocols in Intelligent Tutoring Systems[D].Ph.D.Dissertation, Illinois Institute of Technology,Chicago,Illinois,2000
[33]Connolly R.,Khare R.,Rifkin A.The Evolution of Web Documents:The Ascent of XML[J].Xmlspecial issue of the World Wide Web Journal,1997,2(4).
[34]Edwards D.M.,Hardman L..Lost in hyperspace:Cognitive mapping and navigation in a hypertext environment.Oxford:Blackwell Scientific,1989.
[35]Shackelford.A SCORM odyssey:the University Of Wisconsin's joumey through standards has lessons for anyone about to embark on e-learning[J].T&D,2002(8).
[36]Smith Reggie.Federal Strides in Learning Technology:How has the government impacted the e-learning word[J].E-Learning,2001(10).
[37]Rumbaugh J.Object-oriented modeling and Design[M].Indianapolis:Prentice Hall PTR Publishing Company,1991.
[38]Advanced Distributed Learning(ADL).[2007-08-02].http://www.adlnet.org.
[39]IMS Global earning Consortium.[2007-09-12].http://www.imsglobal.org.
[40]Novak,J.D..Concept mapping:A Useful Tool for Science Education[J].Journal of Research in Science Teaching,1999,27(10).
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