基于复杂性分析的大城市公交网络仿真评价技术研究
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摘要
随着大城市经济的迅速发展,大城市人口的机械增长率与自然增长率之间已经出现了严重的不平衡性,而大城市公共资源确是有限的,这导致大城市交通状况日趋紧张。所以本文从大城市公交网络复杂性建模分析入手对公交网络中的公交线路和公交线网分别进行了评价分析。主要原因有二:第一,大城市公交网络就是由公交线路和站点组成的线网性结构是大城市公交系统的核心;第二,由于目前大城市中公交网络外部环境的特殊性和公交网络内部环境的复杂性。
城市公交网络是与城市交通系统和社会经济环境相联系的复杂的、开放的大系统。而复杂系统理论和复杂网络理论又是最近系统工程学科研究的热点,所以本文将大城市公交网络复杂性建模同GIS-T技术相结合建立了北京市公交网络仿真模型。并在此基础上总结出基于复杂系统理论的大城市公交网络评价与规划技术的具体原理、方法和应用流程,最后以实际工程项目为依托完成了北京市公交网络的实证分析,得到了大量的定性、定量的分析结果,并针对这些结果给出了北京市公交网络规划的相应建议,取得了较好的效果。
With the rapid development of megapolis' economy, the imbalance between mechanical growth rate and natural growth rate of urban population becomes serious. And the limits of city's public resources make urban traffic even worse. So this paper values and analyses the traffic line and network, proceeding with the complexity modeling of megapolis' transit network. There are two reasons to use this method. One is that the core of megapolis' transit network is a structure combined by transit lines and transit system.. The other reason is the particularity of transit network's exterior environment and the complexity of transit network's intramural environment.
Transit Network is a Open and Complicated Macro-system, which is contacted with urban traffic system and social economic system. The research on the Complex System Theory and Complex Networks Theory is a hot topic in the field of system engineering. This paper builds up a Simulation Model for transit network of Beijing, combined the complex modeling of megapolis' transit network and GIS-T technique. Based on the research, this paper gets the theory, the flow of application and methods of the key technology of urban transit network planning. Finally, this paper uses a construction project to analyze the transit networks of Beijing. We get lots of Results of Qualitative and Quantitative Analyses, and make suggestions for Beijing's transit networks planning. All these suggestions have a great effect on the planning.
城市公交网络是与城市交通系统和社会经济环境相联系的复杂的、开放的大系统。而复杂系统理论和复杂网络理论又是最近系统工程学科研究的热点,所以本文将大城市公交网络复杂性建模同GIS-T技术相结合建立了北京市公交网络仿真模型。并在此基础上总结出基于复杂系统理论的大城市公交网络评价与规划技术的具体原理、方法和应用流程,最后以实际工程项目为依托完成了北京市公交网络的实证分析,得到了大量的定性、定量的分析结果,并针对这些结果给出了北京市公交网络规划的相应建议,取得了较好的效果。
With the rapid development of megapolis' economy, the imbalance between mechanical growth rate and natural growth rate of urban population becomes serious. And the limits of city's public resources make urban traffic even worse. So this paper values and analyses the traffic line and network, proceeding with the complexity modeling of megapolis' transit network. There are two reasons to use this method. One is that the core of megapolis' transit network is a structure combined by transit lines and transit system.. The other reason is the particularity of transit network's exterior environment and the complexity of transit network's intramural environment.
Transit Network is a Open and Complicated Macro-system, which is contacted with urban traffic system and social economic system. The research on the Complex System Theory and Complex Networks Theory is a hot topic in the field of system engineering. This paper builds up a Simulation Model for transit network of Beijing, combined the complex modeling of megapolis' transit network and GIS-T technique. Based on the research, this paper gets the theory, the flow of application and methods of the key technology of urban transit network planning. Finally, this paper uses a construction project to analyze the transit networks of Beijing. We get lots of Results of Qualitative and Quantitative Analyses, and make suggestions for Beijing's transit networks planning. All these suggestions have a great effect on the planning.
引文
[1]北京公共交通控股(集团)有限公司.北京市公交线网调整规划方案(一至六).2006-2007
[2]Hensher.David.A Stanley.John.Performance-based Quality Contractsin Bus Service Provision.Transportation Research PartA.2003.37(6):519-538.
[3]Janarthanan Natarajan etc.Development of an Expert System to Assist in the Interactive Graphic Transit System Design Process[J].Transportation Research Record 1187.1988:511-521.
[4]Fernandez Rodrigo.Expert System for the Preliminary Design and Location of High-capacity Bus-stops[J].Traffic Engineering&Control.1993.34(11):533-539
[5]Pattnaik S.B.Mohan.S.Tom VM.Urban Bus Transit Route Network Design Using Genetic Algorithmp[J].Journal of Transportation Engineering.1998.124(4):368-375.
[6]David Sullivan.Alastair Morrison.Using Desktop GIS for the Investigation of Accessibility by Public Transport:An Isochrone Approach[J].Geographical Information Science.2002.14(1):187-201.
[7]Thill.Jean-Claude.Geography Information System for Transportation in Perspective[J].Transportation Research PartC.2000.8(6):3-12.
[8]吴稼豪等.城市公共交通网络设计的一种优化方法[J].上海机械学院学报.1983(7):41-43.
[9]夏伟民等.城市公共交通线路的优化设计[J].运筹学.1985(10):53-55.
[10]杨兆升.城市公共交通网络优化[J].汽车运输.1985(1):18-24.
[11]张启人等.公共交通大系统建模与优化[J].系统工程.1986.4(6):24-28.
[12]刘清等.实现城市公交网络优化的数学模型和广义算法[J].系统工程理论与实践.1992(5):34-37.
[13]张国伍等.公共交通线路网多条最短路径算法[J].系统工程理论与实践.1992(3):9-13.
[14]王炜等.城市公共交通系统规划方法与管理技术[M].北京科学出版社.2002.2:20-128.
[15]王志栋.公交网络优化模型的建立[J].大连铁道学院学报.1997.18(4):31-35
[16]林柏梁等.基于出行费用最小化的公交网络优化模型[J].中国公路学报.1999:12-19.
[17]单连龙等.城市公交系统连续平衡网络设计的双层规划模型及求解算法[J].系统工程.2000:47-51.
[18]唐利民等.运用FLAPT模型改善上海公交问题[J].系统工程理论方法应用.1999.8(11):55-59.
[19]孙艳丰等.基于遗传算法的城市交通运输网优化问题研究[J].系统工程理论与实践.2000(8):32-35.
[20]陈洪仁等 分层限制的公交网络优化模型[J].哈尔滨建筑大学学报.2001(5):54-58.
[21]胡启洲等 城市公交线网的灰色评价及其应用[J].交通运输系统工程与信息 2006 62-67
[22]中国城市规划设计研究院.北京市公共电、汽车网络系统规划实施方案.2003:1-217.
[23]上海同济道路与交通工程技术开发公司.广州市网络调整实施方案.2000.3:1-144.
[24]陈大伟.地理信息(GIS)在城市交通规划中的应用[D].南京:东南大学图书.2001(3):12-53.
[25]黄正东.公交实体的详细表达及其在出行系统中的应用[J].武汉大学学报(工学).2003.36(3):69-75.
[26]杨新苗,王炜,马文腾.基于GIS的公交乘客出行路径选择模型东南大学学报(自然科学版).2000.30(6):87-91.
[27]钱学森,于景元,戴汝为.复杂性科学[J]自然杂志.199013(1):3-100.
[28]周涛.柏文洁.汪秉宏.复杂网络研究综述[J].物理.2005.34(1):31-36.
[29]http://news.qdu.edu.cn/news.aspx? Newsid:1514.
[30]顾培亮.系统分析与协调[M].天津大学出版社.1998:9-42.
[31]王炜.城市公共交通系统规划与管理技术[M].北京科学出版社.2002:47-162.
[32]王浣尘.难度自增殖系统及其方法论[J].上海交通大学学报.1992.26(5):5-11.
[33]顾基发,高飞.从管理学角度谈物理—事理—人理系统方法论[J].系统工程的理论与实践.1998.18(8):18-24.
[34]高飞,顾基发.关于物理—事理—人理系统方法的事理之方法论库[J].系统工程理论与实践.1998(91:34-37.
[35]Albert R,Barabtisi A L.Statistical mechanics of complex Networks[J].Rev Mod Phys.2002.74:47-97.
[36]Strogatz S H.Exploring comlex networks[J].Nature.2001.410:268-276.
[37]高自友等.交通运输网络复杂性及其相关问题的研究[J].交通运输系统工程与信息.2005(4):79-84.
[38]张晨等.上海市公交网络拓扑性质研究[J].上海理工大学学报.2006.(5):489-494.
[39]A.Vazquez R.Pastor-Satorrasand A.Vespignani.Internet topology atther outer and autonomous system level[DBOL].arXiv:cond-mat0206084.2002:531-532.
[40]A-LBarabasi,AlbertR.Emergence of scaling in random networks[J].Science.1999.286:509-512.
[41]AlbertR,JeongH,A-L.Barabasi.Diameter of the world wide web[J].Nature.1999.401:130-131.
[42]ValverdeS,Ferrer-CanchoR,Sole RV.Scale-Free Networks from optimal design[DBOL].arXiv:cond-mat0204344.2002:352-354.
[43]Rf.Cancho,JanssenC,SoleRV.Topology of technology graphs:small world pattern sinelect ronic circuits[J].PhysRevE.2001:64-65.
[44]RF.Cancho,RVSole.The small-world of human language[J].Proc.R.Soc London SerB.2001.268(1482):2261-2265.
[45]WattsDJ.Strogatz SH.Collective dynamics of“smallworld”networks[J].Nature.1998.393: 440-442.
[46]MEJ Newman.Scientific collaboration networks:I.Network construction and fundamental results[J].PhysRevE.2001.62.218-220.
[47]http://www.21etraffic.com/new_view.asp?id=70
[48]邬伦.地理信息系统——原理、方法和应用[M].北京科学出版社.2002(2):32-82.
[49]陆锋.基于特征的城市交通网络GIS数据组织与处理方法[J].北京:中国科学院遥感应用研究所.1999:67-72.
[50]牛学勤,王炜.基于最短路搜索的多路径公交客流分配模型研究[J]东南大学学报:自然科学版.2002:43-46.
[2]Hensher.David.A Stanley.John.Performance-based Quality Contractsin Bus Service Provision.Transportation Research PartA.2003.37(6):519-538.
[3]Janarthanan Natarajan etc.Development of an Expert System to Assist in the Interactive Graphic Transit System Design Process[J].Transportation Research Record 1187.1988:511-521.
[4]Fernandez Rodrigo.Expert System for the Preliminary Design and Location of High-capacity Bus-stops[J].Traffic Engineering&Control.1993.34(11):533-539
[5]Pattnaik S.B.Mohan.S.Tom VM.Urban Bus Transit Route Network Design Using Genetic Algorithmp[J].Journal of Transportation Engineering.1998.124(4):368-375.
[6]David Sullivan.Alastair Morrison.Using Desktop GIS for the Investigation of Accessibility by Public Transport:An Isochrone Approach[J].Geographical Information Science.2002.14(1):187-201.
[7]Thill.Jean-Claude.Geography Information System for Transportation in Perspective[J].Transportation Research PartC.2000.8(6):3-12.
[8]吴稼豪等.城市公共交通网络设计的一种优化方法[J].上海机械学院学报.1983(7):41-43.
[9]夏伟民等.城市公共交通线路的优化设计[J].运筹学.1985(10):53-55.
[10]杨兆升.城市公共交通网络优化[J].汽车运输.1985(1):18-24.
[11]张启人等.公共交通大系统建模与优化[J].系统工程.1986.4(6):24-28.
[12]刘清等.实现城市公交网络优化的数学模型和广义算法[J].系统工程理论与实践.1992(5):34-37.
[13]张国伍等.公共交通线路网多条最短路径算法[J].系统工程理论与实践.1992(3):9-13.
[14]王炜等.城市公共交通系统规划方法与管理技术[M].北京科学出版社.2002.2:20-128.
[15]王志栋.公交网络优化模型的建立[J].大连铁道学院学报.1997.18(4):31-35
[16]林柏梁等.基于出行费用最小化的公交网络优化模型[J].中国公路学报.1999:12-19.
[17]单连龙等.城市公交系统连续平衡网络设计的双层规划模型及求解算法[J].系统工程.2000:47-51.
[18]唐利民等.运用FLAPT模型改善上海公交问题[J].系统工程理论方法应用.1999.8(11):55-59.
[19]孙艳丰等.基于遗传算法的城市交通运输网优化问题研究[J].系统工程理论与实践.2000(8):32-35.
[20]陈洪仁等 分层限制的公交网络优化模型[J].哈尔滨建筑大学学报.2001(5):54-58.
[21]胡启洲等 城市公交线网的灰色评价及其应用[J].交通运输系统工程与信息 2006 62-67
[22]中国城市规划设计研究院.北京市公共电、汽车网络系统规划实施方案.2003:1-217.
[23]上海同济道路与交通工程技术开发公司.广州市网络调整实施方案.2000.3:1-144.
[24]陈大伟.地理信息(GIS)在城市交通规划中的应用[D].南京:东南大学图书.2001(3):12-53.
[25]黄正东.公交实体的详细表达及其在出行系统中的应用[J].武汉大学学报(工学).2003.36(3):69-75.
[26]杨新苗,王炜,马文腾.基于GIS的公交乘客出行路径选择模型东南大学学报(自然科学版).2000.30(6):87-91.
[27]钱学森,于景元,戴汝为.复杂性科学[J]自然杂志.199013(1):3-100.
[28]周涛.柏文洁.汪秉宏.复杂网络研究综述[J].物理.2005.34(1):31-36.
[29]http://news.qdu.edu.cn/news.aspx? Newsid:1514.
[30]顾培亮.系统分析与协调[M].天津大学出版社.1998:9-42.
[31]王炜.城市公共交通系统规划与管理技术[M].北京科学出版社.2002:47-162.
[32]王浣尘.难度自增殖系统及其方法论[J].上海交通大学学报.1992.26(5):5-11.
[33]顾基发,高飞.从管理学角度谈物理—事理—人理系统方法论[J].系统工程的理论与实践.1998.18(8):18-24.
[34]高飞,顾基发.关于物理—事理—人理系统方法的事理之方法论库[J].系统工程理论与实践.1998(91:34-37.
[35]Albert R,Barabtisi A L.Statistical mechanics of complex Networks[J].Rev Mod Phys.2002.74:47-97.
[36]Strogatz S H.Exploring comlex networks[J].Nature.2001.410:268-276.
[37]高自友等.交通运输网络复杂性及其相关问题的研究[J].交通运输系统工程与信息.2005(4):79-84.
[38]张晨等.上海市公交网络拓扑性质研究[J].上海理工大学学报.2006.(5):489-494.
[39]A.Vazquez R.Pastor-Satorrasand A.Vespignani.Internet topology atther outer and autonomous system level[DBOL].arXiv:cond-mat0206084.2002:531-532.
[40]A-LBarabasi,AlbertR.Emergence of scaling in random networks[J].Science.1999.286:509-512.
[41]AlbertR,JeongH,A-L.Barabasi.Diameter of the world wide web[J].Nature.1999.401:130-131.
[42]ValverdeS,Ferrer-CanchoR,Sole RV.Scale-Free Networks from optimal design[DBOL].arXiv:cond-mat0204344.2002:352-354.
[43]Rf.Cancho,JanssenC,SoleRV.Topology of technology graphs:small world pattern sinelect ronic circuits[J].PhysRevE.2001:64-65.
[44]RF.Cancho,RVSole.The small-world of human language[J].Proc.R.Soc London SerB.2001.268(1482):2261-2265.
[45]WattsDJ.Strogatz SH.Collective dynamics of“smallworld”networks[J].Nature.1998.393: 440-442.
[46]MEJ Newman.Scientific collaboration networks:I.Network construction and fundamental results[J].PhysRevE.2001.62.218-220.
[47]http://www.21etraffic.com/new_view.asp?id=70
[48]邬伦.地理信息系统——原理、方法和应用[M].北京科学出版社.2002(2):32-82.
[49]陆锋.基于特征的城市交通网络GIS数据组织与处理方法[J].北京:中国科学院遥感应用研究所.1999:67-72.
[50]牛学勤,王炜.基于最短路搜索的多路径公交客流分配模型研究[J]东南大学学报:自然科学版.2002:43-46.