Ex-PRESS青光眼引流器治疗难治性青光眼的疗效观察
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摘要
目的：探讨Ex-PRESS青光眼引流器治疗难治性青光眼的疗效。方法：本课题为前瞻性病例对照研究。对唐山市眼科医院2012年6月至2012年10月收治的难治性青光眼患者58例66眼随机分为试验组(植入Ex-PRESS青光眼引流器,30例33眼)和对照组(行小梁切除术,28例33眼),其中试验组4例5眼因经济条件较差未同意植入Ex-PRESS青光眼引流器而转入对照组,对照组3例3眼因经济条件较好要求植入Ex-PRESS青光眼引流器而转入试验组；试验组与对照组术中均切除深层巩膜瓣并应用可调节缝线缝合巩膜瓣：术后1天、7天、1月、3月及6月观察眼压、角膜内皮细胞计数、成功率、滤过泡、睫状体脉络膜上腔低回声暗区、并发症及术后应用降眼压药物等情况,并进行统计学分析。结果：术后随访6月试验组有22眼眼压控制在正常范围内,其中2眼发生虹膜阻塞引流管口,1眼经毛果芸香碱点眼缩瞳解除虹膜阻塞眼压恢复正常,1眼于术解除虹膜阻塞。有6眼需加用1种或1种以上局部降眼压药,眼压可控制在正常范围内,手术总成功率为84.8%；术后随访6月对照组病例有14眼眼压控制在正常范围内,有5眼需加用1种或1种以上局部降眼压药,眼压可控制在正常范围内,手术总成功率为57.6%,术后1月1眼发生恶性青光眼,经药物治疗恢复正常。两组术后各时期眼压与术前比较,统计学差异均具有显著性(P<0.05),两组术后各时期眼压均明显低于术前。术后各时期试验组与对照组间眼压比较：术后1天及7天两组眼压比较差异不具有统计学意义(P>0.05),术后1月、3月及6月两组眼压比较,统计学差异均具有显著性(P<0.05),试验组眼压低于对照组。两组功能性滤过泡比较术后1天、7天及1月比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),术后3月及6月两组比较,统计学差异均具有显著性(P<0.05),试验组功能性滤过泡多于对照组。术后1天及7天试验组与对照组睫状体脉络膜上腔低回声暗区比较,统计学差异均具有显著性(P<0.05),试验组少于对照组。术后1月、3月及6月试验组与对照组睫状体脉络膜上腔均未见低回声暗区。术中试验组4眼,对照组6眼出现前房出血,术后7天内血液均自行吸收。试验组及对照组术后7天内各4眼发生暂时性高眼压,经促进出血吸收药物治疗及拆除可调节缝线处理均降至正常。试验组5眼(15.2%)出现浅前房,其中4眼伴有低眼压,1眼术后早期发生Ⅲ度浅前房。对照组患者术后早期8眼(24.2%)出现浅前房,其中5眼伴有低眼压,无Ⅲ度浅前房发生。对照组术后1月1眼发生恶性青光眼,药物治疗恢复正常。结论：Ex-PRESS青光眼引流器植入术是一种操作简便、创伤小、痛苦少、安全有效的治疗难治性青光眼的方法；Ex-PRESS青光眼引流器植入术中使用可调节缝线可减少术后早期浅前房的发生率；Ex-PRESS青光眼引流器植入术中切除深层巩膜瓣对减少滤过道瘢痕化及更有效地降低眼压有积极作用；Ex-PRESS青光眼引流器植入术后减少浅前房发生、减少引流管口阻塞及保持滤过道通畅对手术成功至关重要,所以术后早期应密切随访、及时处理并发症非常重要。
Objective:To evaluate the efficacy of the Ex-PRESS glaucoma drainage device in treatment of refractory glaucoma.
Methods:This was a prospective case-controlled study. Refractory glaucoma patients were collected in Tangshan City Eye Hospital form Jun2012to Oct2012. Fifty-eight patients (66eyes) were enrolled, who were divided into trial group (30cases,33eyes) and control group (28cases,33eyes) in random. The patients in trial group were implanted the Ex-PRESS glaucoma drainage device, but the counterparts were received trabeculectomy. Deep lamellar sclerectomy and adjustable suture were used in the both groups. The patients (3cases,3eyes) in control group were transferred to trial group for the Ex-PRESS glaucoma drainage device with the reason of their wish, and the other patients (4cases,5eyes) in trial group were transferred to control group with the reason of money.The intraocular pressure、the successful rate、filtering bleb、the ciliochoroidal low echogenic area and the anti-glaucoma medications were observed on the lth、7th day and1month、3month、6month.
Results:The intraocular pressure (IOP) of22eyes were controlled in the normal range in trial group at the6month after surgery. Drainage pipe blocked by peripheral iris occurred in2eyes, one case was relieved by miosis of pilocarpine, the other was removed by surgery. The IOP of6eyes were controlled by less than one kind of anti-glaucoma medication. The total successful rate was84.8%. There were14eyes with normal IOP in control group, of which5eyes needed additional medication control. The total successful rate was57.6%. Malignant glaucoma occurred in one eye at1month and restored by medication. The IOP at different time after operation was lower than baseline, which reached the statistical significance (P<0.05). There was no statistical significance (p>0.05) between the two groups during1th、7th day after surgery, but it was significant from1month to6month. The amount of functional filtering bleb in trial group was higher than that in control group from3month and6month, which was statistically significant. However, the difference was not found before1month after operation. The occurrence of ciliochoroidal low echogenic area in trial group was lower than that in control group at1th and7th day, which had statistical significance, and they were all recovered to normal at1month. Hyphema occurred in4eyes in trial group and6eyes in control group respectively, and blood was absorbed spontaneously in1week. Transient elevated IOP was observed in4eyes in both groups during1week after surgery, and decreased to normal by medication and removal of adjustable suture. The onset of shallow anterior chamber in5eyes (15.2%) was higher than that in control group (8eyes,24.2%). In the5eyes,4eyes were combined with hypotony and1eye with grade III shallow anterior chamber. Similarly,5eyes were combined with hypotony and no grade III shallow anterior chamber occurred in control group.
Conclusions:The Ex-PRESS glaucoma drainage device implantation was a simple, less invasive, comfortable, safe and effective method in treatment of refractory glaucoma. Drainage device implantation with adjustable suture can reduce the occurrence of shallow anterior chamber in the early period after surgery. Drainage device implantation with deep lamellar sclerectomy can reduce the filtering bleb scarring and decrease IOP effectively. It is important to prevent onset of shallow anterior chamber and blockage of drainage pipe after operation and to manage these complications properly.
Objective:To evaluate the efficacy of the Ex-PRESS glaucoma drainage device in treatment of refractory glaucoma.
Methods:This was a prospective case-controlled study. Refractory glaucoma patients were collected in Tangshan City Eye Hospital form Jun2012to Oct2012. Fifty-eight patients (66eyes) were enrolled, who were divided into trial group (30cases,33eyes) and control group (28cases,33eyes) in random. The patients in trial group were implanted the Ex-PRESS glaucoma drainage device, but the counterparts were received trabeculectomy. Deep lamellar sclerectomy and adjustable suture were used in the both groups. The patients (3cases,3eyes) in control group were transferred to trial group for the Ex-PRESS glaucoma drainage device with the reason of their wish, and the other patients (4cases,5eyes) in trial group were transferred to control group with the reason of money.The intraocular pressure、the successful rate、filtering bleb、the ciliochoroidal low echogenic area and the anti-glaucoma medications were observed on the lth、7th day and1month、3month、6month.
Results:The intraocular pressure (IOP) of22eyes were controlled in the normal range in trial group at the6month after surgery. Drainage pipe blocked by peripheral iris occurred in2eyes, one case was relieved by miosis of pilocarpine, the other was removed by surgery. The IOP of6eyes were controlled by less than one kind of anti-glaucoma medication. The total successful rate was84.8%. There were14eyes with normal IOP in control group, of which5eyes needed additional medication control. The total successful rate was57.6%. Malignant glaucoma occurred in one eye at1month and restored by medication. The IOP at different time after operation was lower than baseline, which reached the statistical significance (P<0.05). There was no statistical significance (p>0.05) between the two groups during1th、7th day after surgery, but it was significant from1month to6month. The amount of functional filtering bleb in trial group was higher than that in control group from3month and6month, which was statistically significant. However, the difference was not found before1month after operation. The occurrence of ciliochoroidal low echogenic area in trial group was lower than that in control group at1th and7th day, which had statistical significance, and they were all recovered to normal at1month. Hyphema occurred in4eyes in trial group and6eyes in control group respectively, and blood was absorbed spontaneously in1week. Transient elevated IOP was observed in4eyes in both groups during1week after surgery, and decreased to normal by medication and removal of adjustable suture. The onset of shallow anterior chamber in5eyes (15.2%) was higher than that in control group (8eyes,24.2%). In the5eyes,4eyes were combined with hypotony and1eye with grade III shallow anterior chamber. Similarly,5eyes were combined with hypotony and no grade III shallow anterior chamber occurred in control group.
Conclusions:The Ex-PRESS glaucoma drainage device implantation was a simple, less invasive, comfortable, safe and effective method in treatment of refractory glaucoma. Drainage device implantation with adjustable suture can reduce the occurrence of shallow anterior chamber in the early period after surgery. Drainage device implantation with deep lamellar sclerectomy can reduce the filtering bleb scarring and decrease IOP effectively. It is important to prevent onset of shallow anterior chamber and blockage of drainage pipe after operation and to manage these complications properly.
引文
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