译者主体性研究
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摘要
译者、文本与读者是翻译活动中的三个主要因素。本文从论述三者的关系入手，首先指出了在语文学范式和结构主义范式的翻译研究和实践中人们对译者主体性认识的不足：即在语文学范式研究中，人们只从艺术的角度认为译者具有艺术的“创造性”，译者可以操控文本；在结构主义范式研究中，人们只从纯语言的科学角度认为译者的主体性可以排斥在翻译活动之外，译者只是个价值中立的实体；接着，从现象学、阐释学和接受美学的角度论述了译者在文本阐释中主体性地位的确立，但同时也着重阐述了在新历史主义宏观视野中，译者受到社会历史、政治文化、意识形态、伦理道德、宗教等“权力话语”的潜意识操控，是被操控的译者；最后本文指出：在社会历史的宏观视野中研究译者的主体性，他有受操控的一面，然而也有反操控的一面，他的反操控突出地表现在他的翻译理想和自觉的时代超越性方面，笔者认为只有一大批先进的有历史责任感的译者充分发挥他们的时代自觉性和创造性才能为我们引进更多更好的先进的外国知识成果，促进我们的翻译事业不断发展。
Translator, text and reader are three major factors in translation. Starting from the relationship between the three factors, this thesis, firstly, points out that the previous researchers fail to recognize translator's subjectivity correctly and appropriately in philological and structural translation study & practice, during which, the researchers of philological study consider from the artistic perspective that translator is an artistic subject with originality in his translation so much so that he can manipulate the original text while the researchers of structural study from linguistic aspect holds that translator's subjectivity is denied working in his translation so much so that he is a neutral subject in a certain value system. Then, this thesis, from the point of Phenomenology, Philosophical Hermeneutics, Reception Aesthetics, and Reader Criticism,
argues that the translator, as a subject, establishes his active subjectivity in the process of translating as well as his interpretation of the source text; meanwhile, this thesis, from the macro-perspective of New Historicism, demonstrates that the translator is confined by a series of powers and discourses, such as specific social history, culture, ideology, ethics and religion so much so that the translator is a manipulated subject. Yet, lastly, this thesis points out that, in the macro-context of society, on one hand he is manipulated by the present powers and discourses under which he lives; on the other hand he is manipulating, which especially manifests in his
11
translation ambition and in his acute historical-awareness. We know that only a large number of translators with high historical-awareness and sharpening originality can we read a lot of good translations, which bring us most advanced intellectual achievements, and as a result, can our translation cause prosper in the long run.
Translator, text and reader are three major factors in translation. Starting from the relationship between the three factors, this thesis, firstly, points out that the previous researchers fail to recognize translator's subjectivity correctly and appropriately in philological and structural translation study & practice, during which, the researchers of philological study consider from the artistic perspective that translator is an artistic subject with originality in his translation so much so that he can manipulate the original text while the researchers of structural study from linguistic aspect holds that translator's subjectivity is denied working in his translation so much so that he is a neutral subject in a certain value system. Then, this thesis, from the point of Phenomenology, Philosophical Hermeneutics, Reception Aesthetics, and Reader Criticism,
argues that the translator, as a subject, establishes his active subjectivity in the process of translating as well as his interpretation of the source text; meanwhile, this thesis, from the macro-perspective of New Historicism, demonstrates that the translator is confined by a series of powers and discourses, such as specific social history, culture, ideology, ethics and religion so much so that the translator is a manipulated subject. Yet, lastly, this thesis points out that, in the macro-context of society, on one hand he is manipulated by the present powers and discourses under which he lives; on the other hand he is manipulating, which especially manifests in his
11
translation ambition and in his acute historical-awareness. We know that only a large number of translators with high historical-awareness and sharpening originality can we read a lot of good translations, which bring us most advanced intellectual achievements, and as a result, can our translation cause prosper in the long run.
引文
[1]罗新璋 翻译论集[C] 北京：商务印书馆，1984
[2]郭著章 翻译名家研究[C] 武汉：湖北教育出版社，1999
[3]谭载喜 西方翻译简史[M] 北京：商务印书馆，2000
[4]吕俊 跨越文化障碍——巴比塔的重建[M] 南京：东南大学出版社，2001
[5]吕俊 英汉翻译教程[M] 上海：上海外语教育出版社，2001
[6]吕俊 哲学的语言论转向对翻译研究的启示[J] 外国语，2000，5 我国传统翻译研究中的盲点与误区[J] 外国语，2001，5 翻译研究：从文本理论到权力话语[J] 四川外语学院学报，2002，1
[7]王岳川 后殖民主义与新历史主义文论[M] 济南：山东教育出版社，1998
[8]黄忠廉 翻译本质论[M] 武汉：华中师范大学出版社，2000
[9]王克非 翻译文化史论[M] 上海：上海外语教育出版社，1997
[10]倪蕊琴 列夫托儿斯泰比较研究[M] 上海：华东师范大学出版社，1988
[11]王玉括 译者的选择与主体文化的制约[J] 山东师大外国语学院学报，2000，2
[12]张瑜 权力话语下的读者接受[J] 外语与外语教学，2001，2
[13]韩子满 文化失衡与文学翻译[J] 中国翻译，2000，2
[14]许国强 袁伟 语言与翻译的政治[C] 北京：中央编译出版社，2001
[15]鲁迅 鲁迅全集[M] 北京：人民文学出版社，1998
[16]伽达默尔 哲学解释学[M] 上海译文出版社，1998
[17]Catford, J.C., A Linguistic Theory of Translation [M], London: Oxford University Press, 1965
[18]Edwin Gentzler Comtemporary Translation Theories [M] London: Routledge, 1993
[19]Edward Hulpke Cultural Constraints: A Case of Political Censorship[M] Kittel et al, 1991
[20]Hans-George Gadamer Truth and Method [M] Beijing: China Social Sciences Publishing House, 2000
[21]Eugene A. Nida Language And Culture [M] 上海：上海外语教育出版社，2001
[22]Lawrence Venuti Rethink Translation [C] New York: Routledge, 1992
[23]Lawrence Venuti The Translator's Invisibility: A History of Translation [M] New York: Routledge, 1995
[24]Peter Newmark A Textbook of Translation [M] 上海：上海外语教育出版社，2001
[25]Sussan Bassnet, Andre Lefevere Constructing CuLtures——Essays on Literary Translation [C] 上海：上海外语教育出版社，2001
[1] 巴尔胡达罗夫 语言与翻译[M] 北京：中国对外翻译出版公司，1985
[2] 胡经之 王岳川 文艺学美学方法论[C] 北京：北京大学出版社，1994
[3] 金元浦 接受反应文论[M] 济南：山东教育出版社，1998
[4] 刘宓庆 翻译与语言哲学[M] 北京：中国对外翻译出版公司，2001
[5] 马祖毅 中国翻译简史(“五四”以前部分)[M] 北京：中国对外翻译出版公司，1998
[6] 赛义德 王宇根 (译) 东方学[M] 北京：生活读书新知三联书店，1999
[7] 夏镇平 宋建平 (译) 哲学解释学[M] 上海：上海译文出版社，1994
[8] 张杰 万海松 (译) 巴赫金传[M] 上海：东方出版中心，2000
[9] 章启群 意义的本体论——哲学诠释学[M] 上海：上海译文出版社，2002
[10] 邹振环 影响中国近代社会的一百种译作[M] 北京：中国对外翻译出版公司，1996
[11] 郭建中 韦努蒂及其解构主义的翻译策略[J] 中国翻译，2000，1
[12] 姜秋霞 审美想象与文学翻译的“等值域”[J] 中国翻译，2001，4
[13] 刘靖之 翻译——文化的多维交融[J] 中国翻译，2000，1
[14] 宋学智 忠实是译者的天职——兼评“新世纪的新译论”[J] 中国翻译，2000，6
[15] 屠国元 肖锦银 多元文化语境中的译者形象[J] 中国翻译，1998，2
[16] 张德让 伽达默尔哲学解释学与翻译研究[J] 中国翻译，2001，4
[17] George Steiner After Babel—Aspects of Language and Translation[M] 上海：上海外语教育出版社，2001
[18] Jean Delisle, Judith Woodsworth Translators Through History [C] Philadelphia: J. Benjamins: Unesco Editions, 1995
[19] Martin Heidegger Time and Being [M] Beijing: China Social Sciences Publishing House, 2000
[20] Ormond Rush The Reception of doctrine: an Appropriation of Hans Robert Jauss' Reception Aesthetics and Literary Hermeneutics [M] Roma: Pontificia University Gregoriana, 1997
[2]郭著章 翻译名家研究[C] 武汉：湖北教育出版社，1999
[3]谭载喜 西方翻译简史[M] 北京：商务印书馆，2000
[4]吕俊 跨越文化障碍——巴比塔的重建[M] 南京：东南大学出版社，2001
[5]吕俊 英汉翻译教程[M] 上海：上海外语教育出版社，2001
[6]吕俊 哲学的语言论转向对翻译研究的启示[J] 外国语，2000，5 我国传统翻译研究中的盲点与误区[J] 外国语，2001，5 翻译研究：从文本理论到权力话语[J] 四川外语学院学报，2002，1
[7]王岳川 后殖民主义与新历史主义文论[M] 济南：山东教育出版社，1998
[8]黄忠廉 翻译本质论[M] 武汉：华中师范大学出版社，2000
[9]王克非 翻译文化史论[M] 上海：上海外语教育出版社，1997
[10]倪蕊琴 列夫托儿斯泰比较研究[M] 上海：华东师范大学出版社，1988
[11]王玉括 译者的选择与主体文化的制约[J] 山东师大外国语学院学报，2000，2
[12]张瑜 权力话语下的读者接受[J] 外语与外语教学，2001，2
[13]韩子满 文化失衡与文学翻译[J] 中国翻译，2000，2
[14]许国强 袁伟 语言与翻译的政治[C] 北京：中央编译出版社，2001
[15]鲁迅 鲁迅全集[M] 北京：人民文学出版社，1998
[16]伽达默尔 哲学解释学[M] 上海译文出版社，1998
[17]Catford, J.C., A Linguistic Theory of Translation [M], London: Oxford University Press, 1965
[18]Edwin Gentzler Comtemporary Translation Theories [M] London: Routledge, 1993
[19]Edward Hulpke Cultural Constraints: A Case of Political Censorship[M] Kittel et al, 1991
[20]Hans-George Gadamer Truth and Method [M] Beijing: China Social Sciences Publishing House, 2000
[21]Eugene A. Nida Language And Culture [M] 上海：上海外语教育出版社，2001
[22]Lawrence Venuti Rethink Translation [C] New York: Routledge, 1992
[23]Lawrence Venuti The Translator's Invisibility: A History of Translation [M] New York: Routledge, 1995
[24]Peter Newmark A Textbook of Translation [M] 上海：上海外语教育出版社，2001
[25]Sussan Bassnet, Andre Lefevere Constructing CuLtures——Essays on Literary Translation [C] 上海：上海外语教育出版社，2001
[1] 巴尔胡达罗夫 语言与翻译[M] 北京：中国对外翻译出版公司，1985
[2] 胡经之 王岳川 文艺学美学方法论[C] 北京：北京大学出版社，1994
[3] 金元浦 接受反应文论[M] 济南：山东教育出版社，1998
[4] 刘宓庆 翻译与语言哲学[M] 北京：中国对外翻译出版公司，2001
[5] 马祖毅 中国翻译简史(“五四”以前部分)[M] 北京：中国对外翻译出版公司，1998
[6] 赛义德 王宇根 (译) 东方学[M] 北京：生活读书新知三联书店，1999
[7] 夏镇平 宋建平 (译) 哲学解释学[M] 上海：上海译文出版社，1994
[8] 张杰 万海松 (译) 巴赫金传[M] 上海：东方出版中心，2000
[9] 章启群 意义的本体论——哲学诠释学[M] 上海：上海译文出版社，2002
[10] 邹振环 影响中国近代社会的一百种译作[M] 北京：中国对外翻译出版公司，1996
[11] 郭建中 韦努蒂及其解构主义的翻译策略[J] 中国翻译，2000，1
[12] 姜秋霞 审美想象与文学翻译的“等值域”[J] 中国翻译，2001，4
[13] 刘靖之 翻译——文化的多维交融[J] 中国翻译，2000，1
[14] 宋学智 忠实是译者的天职——兼评“新世纪的新译论”[J] 中国翻译，2000，6
[15] 屠国元 肖锦银 多元文化语境中的译者形象[J] 中国翻译，1998，2
[16] 张德让 伽达默尔哲学解释学与翻译研究[J] 中国翻译，2001，4
[17] George Steiner After Babel—Aspects of Language and Translation[M] 上海：上海外语教育出版社，2001
[18] Jean Delisle, Judith Woodsworth Translators Through History [C] Philadelphia: J. Benjamins: Unesco Editions, 1995
[19] Martin Heidegger Time and Being [M] Beijing: China Social Sciences Publishing House, 2000
[20] Ormond Rush The Reception of doctrine: an Appropriation of Hans Robert Jauss' Reception Aesthetics and Literary Hermeneutics [M] Roma: Pontificia University Gregoriana, 1997