环氧树脂纳米复合介质表面电荷动态特性与电痕破坏研究
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摘要
环氧树脂在电力设备中发挥着重要的作用，一旦发生绝缘破坏，就极有可能会导致短路、停电甚至着火、爆炸等事故的发生，后果严重。环氧树脂经无机纳米颗粒改性后，其绝缘性能将发生很大变化。因此，研究无机纳米颗粒对环氧树脂改性后绝缘特性的影响对于工程电介质的实际应用有着极为重要的意义。随着电压等级的提高，越来越多的高压设备中环氧树脂绝缘材料受到表面电荷积累的影响而造成沿面电痕破坏现象，所以研究高压条件下环氧树脂纳米复合介质表面电荷动态特性以及电痕破坏现象有较大的理论和现实意义。
本文以自行制备的环氧树脂/TiO_2纳米复合介质为试样，采用静电电位计研究了直流以及脉冲电压下电晕放电现象所产生的表面电荷累积和消散的特性及影响因素；基于针-板电痕破坏实验法，研究了直流及脉冲电压下的沿面电痕破坏现象。主要研究工作和取得的成果如下：
(1)采用直流电压对试样进行针电极电晕的方法，研究了环氧树脂/TiO_2纳米复合介质的表面电荷动态特性。通过考察不同电晕电压、时间以及极性条件下表面电荷积累量和消散时间的变化趋势，研究了高压直流环境中环氧树脂/TiO_2纳米复合介质表面电荷动态特性的变化机理，得出了TiO_2纳米颗粒对表面电荷积累与消散特性的影响规律。
(2)采用脉冲电压对试样进行针电极电晕的方法，研究了单次脉冲电晕对环氧树脂/TiO_2复合介质表面电荷动态特性的影响。通过考察不同脉冲上升沿时间以及电晕极性条件下表面电荷积累和消散特性的变化趋势，研究了高压脉冲环境中环氧树脂/TiO_2纳米复合介质表面电荷动态特性的变化机理，得出了TiO_2纳米颗粒对表面电荷积累与消散特性的影响规律。
(3)研究了TiO_2纳米颗粒对环氧树脂电痕破坏特性的影响。研究了经不同质量分数TiO_2纳米颗粒改性环氧树脂的电痕侵蚀深度和重量变化规律。运用递归定量分析和分形分析的方法，对TiO_2纳米颗粒改性环氧树脂的电痕破坏特性进行了评定。结果表明：TiO_2纳米颗粒改性能够改善污秽环境下环氧树脂的电痕破坏特性。
(4)研究了高电压脉冲条件下的环氧树脂/TiO_2纳米复合介质电痕破坏现象，得出了TiO_2纳米颗粒对其电痕破坏特性的影响规律，并分析了出现各种差异的原因和机理。
As an insulating material, epoxy plays an important role in the power system. Oncethe insulation failure occurred, it may leads to short circuit, blackouts, fire, explosionaccidents a nd ot her s erious c onsequences. A fter modified b y doping inorganicnanometer pa rticles, t he i nsulation of e poxy will c hange greatly. T herefore, t hepractical application of the modified epoxy has a very important significance. As thevoltage levels increase, more and more epoxy in high voltage equipment suffered withsurface c harge a ccumulation a nd t racking failure phe nomenon. T herefore, t heinvestigation of t he s urface c harge be havior a nd t racking f ailure of e poxynanocomposites is of great theory and practical significance.
Epoxy/TiO_2made in our laboratory was employed as the test sample in this paper.The el ectrostatic v oltmeter w as u sed t o s can t he s urface p otential w ith r espect t osurface ch arge ac cumulation a nd de cay. Based o n t he n eedle-board e xperimentmethod, t he t racking f ailure phe nomenon un der dc a nd pul se c ondition w asinvestigated. U sing no nlinear m ethod a nd t hermal br eakdown m echanism, t hetracking f ailure p henomenon w as an alyzed. The m ain research w ork an dachievements are as follows:
(1) Under high DC voltage environment, the insulation performance of epoxydegraded for s urface charge accumulation w as i nvestigated b y w ay o f n eedleelaectrode charging. The surface charge accumulation and decay with the voltage,polarity and time were observed. The mechanism changed by the nanoparticles wasalso discussed in the high dc voltage environment. The surface charge accumulationand decay behaviors were obtained.
(2) Pulse voltage on a needle electrode for single corona charging was adopted inthis s tudy. T he pul se corona w as i nvestigated b y w ay of t he s urface chargeaccumulation an d d ecay w ith ch anges o f t he r ise t ime an d ch arge p olarity. T hemechanism c hanged b y na noparticles w as a lso di scussed i n t he pul se v oltageenvironment. The surface charge accumulation and decay behaviors were obtained.
(3) The i nfluence o f na no-scale TiO_2particles o n t racking f ailure o f ep oxynanocomposites in contaminated environment was analyzed. The erosion depth andthe w eight lo ss of e poxy n anocomposites w ith di fferent c oncentrations of TiO_2particles were investigated. We measured the discharge current and the distribution ofdischarge l ight b y us ing a recursive pl ot a nalysis a nd f ractal di mention m ethod. Results showed that the resistence to tracking failure of the nanofilled epoxy wasimproved.
(4) The t racking failure phe nomenon of Epoxy/TiO_2under pul se voltage w asinvestigated. It i s concluded t hat t he TiO_2particles d etermine th e resistence totracking f ailure. T he m echanism f or t he i nfluence on t racking f ailure w as a lsoanalyzed.
本文以自行制备的环氧树脂/TiO_2纳米复合介质为试样，采用静电电位计研究了直流以及脉冲电压下电晕放电现象所产生的表面电荷累积和消散的特性及影响因素；基于针-板电痕破坏实验法，研究了直流及脉冲电压下的沿面电痕破坏现象。主要研究工作和取得的成果如下：
(1)采用直流电压对试样进行针电极电晕的方法，研究了环氧树脂/TiO_2纳米复合介质的表面电荷动态特性。通过考察不同电晕电压、时间以及极性条件下表面电荷积累量和消散时间的变化趋势，研究了高压直流环境中环氧树脂/TiO_2纳米复合介质表面电荷动态特性的变化机理，得出了TiO_2纳米颗粒对表面电荷积累与消散特性的影响规律。
(2)采用脉冲电压对试样进行针电极电晕的方法，研究了单次脉冲电晕对环氧树脂/TiO_2复合介质表面电荷动态特性的影响。通过考察不同脉冲上升沿时间以及电晕极性条件下表面电荷积累和消散特性的变化趋势，研究了高压脉冲环境中环氧树脂/TiO_2纳米复合介质表面电荷动态特性的变化机理，得出了TiO_2纳米颗粒对表面电荷积累与消散特性的影响规律。
(3)研究了TiO_2纳米颗粒对环氧树脂电痕破坏特性的影响。研究了经不同质量分数TiO_2纳米颗粒改性环氧树脂的电痕侵蚀深度和重量变化规律。运用递归定量分析和分形分析的方法，对TiO_2纳米颗粒改性环氧树脂的电痕破坏特性进行了评定。结果表明：TiO_2纳米颗粒改性能够改善污秽环境下环氧树脂的电痕破坏特性。
(4)研究了高电压脉冲条件下的环氧树脂/TiO_2纳米复合介质电痕破坏现象，得出了TiO_2纳米颗粒对其电痕破坏特性的影响规律，并分析了出现各种差异的原因和机理。
As an insulating material, epoxy plays an important role in the power system. Oncethe insulation failure occurred, it may leads to short circuit, blackouts, fire, explosionaccidents a nd ot her s erious c onsequences. A fter modified b y doping inorganicnanometer pa rticles, t he i nsulation of e poxy will c hange greatly. T herefore, t hepractical application of the modified epoxy has a very important significance. As thevoltage levels increase, more and more epoxy in high voltage equipment suffered withsurface c harge a ccumulation a nd t racking failure phe nomenon. T herefore, t heinvestigation of t he s urface c harge be havior a nd t racking f ailure of e poxynanocomposites is of great theory and practical significance.
Epoxy/TiO_2made in our laboratory was employed as the test sample in this paper.The el ectrostatic v oltmeter w as u sed t o s can t he s urface p otential w ith r espect t osurface ch arge ac cumulation a nd de cay. Based o n t he n eedle-board e xperimentmethod, t he t racking f ailure phe nomenon un der dc a nd pul se c ondition w asinvestigated. U sing no nlinear m ethod a nd t hermal br eakdown m echanism, t hetracking f ailure p henomenon w as an alyzed. The m ain research w ork an dachievements are as follows:
(1) Under high DC voltage environment, the insulation performance of epoxydegraded for s urface charge accumulation w as i nvestigated b y w ay o f n eedleelaectrode charging. The surface charge accumulation and decay with the voltage,polarity and time were observed. The mechanism changed by the nanoparticles wasalso discussed in the high dc voltage environment. The surface charge accumulationand decay behaviors were obtained.
(2) Pulse voltage on a needle electrode for single corona charging was adopted inthis s tudy. T he pul se corona w as i nvestigated b y w ay of t he s urface chargeaccumulation an d d ecay w ith ch anges o f t he r ise t ime an d ch arge p olarity. T hemechanism c hanged b y na noparticles w as a lso di scussed i n t he pul se v oltageenvironment. The surface charge accumulation and decay behaviors were obtained.
(3) The i nfluence o f na no-scale TiO_2particles o n t racking f ailure o f ep oxynanocomposites in contaminated environment was analyzed. The erosion depth andthe w eight lo ss of e poxy n anocomposites w ith di fferent c oncentrations of TiO_2particles were investigated. We measured the discharge current and the distribution ofdischarge l ight b y us ing a recursive pl ot a nalysis a nd f ractal di mention m ethod. Results showed that the resistence to tracking failure of the nanofilled epoxy wasimproved.
(4) The t racking failure phe nomenon of Epoxy/TiO_2under pul se voltage w asinvestigated. It i s concluded t hat t he TiO_2particles d etermine th e resistence totracking f ailure. T he m echanism f or t he i nfluence on t racking f ailure w as a lsoanalyzed.
引文
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