逆境胁迫下短葶山麦冬生理生化响应与园林应用的研究
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摘要
短葶山麦冬是百合科山麦冬属多年生草本植物，叶长线形，四季常绿，总状花序淡紫色小花，坚果成熟后为深绿色或蓝黑色，我国大部分地区均有野生分布与栽培。
本文采用2年生短葶山麦冬盆栽苗为研究对象，设置干旱、高温、低温、遮荫四种胁迫处理，测定在不同胁迫条件下短葶山麦冬的主要生理生化指标，旨在探明逆境胁迫对短葶山麦冬造成伤害的机理，为短葶山麦冬的种植和管理提供理论依据，并研究其园林应用。
主要结论如下：
（1）在水分胁迫下，短葶山麦冬叶片含水量随着胁迫时间延长逐渐下降，而饱和水分亏缺则逐渐上升；作为渗透调节物质的游离脯氨酸含量逐渐上升，而可溶性蛋白含量则先上升后下降；组成保护性酶系统的SOD、CAT、POD活性则呈现先上升后下降的趋势；短葶山麦冬随胁迫时间延长相对电导率逐渐上升，相同的，MDA含量也随胁迫时间延长与胁迫程度加深也逐渐上升；叶绿素总量逐渐下降，并且叶绿素a/b比值也不断下降。短葶山麦冬对轻度干旱适应良好，对中度干旱具有一定耐受力，在重度干旱下生长不良。
（2）随着高温胁迫时间的延长，短葶山麦冬叶片含水量逐渐下降；SOD活性由迅速上升到逐渐下降，POD与CAT活性先上升后下降；渗透调节物质可溶性蛋白、可溶性糖与游离脯氨酸含量都先上升后下降；MDA含量也逐渐上升；叶绿素总量、叶绿素a、叶绿素b与胡萝卜素含量都逐渐下降。短葶山麦冬不耐高热，在高温条件下生长受阻。
（3）在低温胁迫下，短葶山麦冬SOD活性呈现上升-下降-上升的“Z”字形曲线，；POD活性逐渐下降；而CAT活性呈现先上升后下降的变化曲线；随着胁迫时间加长MDA含量逐渐上升且上升速度逐渐加快；而叶绿素含量下降但下降幅度较小；可溶性糖含量先升后降，且最终低于对照。短葶山麦冬对低温有一定的耐受能力。
（4）短葶山麦冬在遮荫胁迫下，叶面积逐渐增大，与胁迫时间成正比；SOD活性在全光照下小幅上升，在轻度遮荫下逐渐下降，在中度与重度遮荫下先上升后下降；在不同程度遮荫下，短葶山麦冬MDA含量均先上升后下降，且最终均低于对照值；可溶性糖含量不断下降；叶绿素a与叶绿素b含量均不断上升，但是叶绿素a/b比值不断下降。短葶山麦冬正常生长需要一定的荫蔽，在轻度遮荫环境下生长最为良好，全光照以及中度、重度遮荫都会对短葶山麦冬生长造成阻碍。
（5）短葶山麦冬作为园林植物，具有良好的观赏性，园林应用形式广泛，可作为花境与各种植物混合种植；可在公园绿地林下及林缘种植；也可作为水土保持护坡植物；城市立交桥桥荫绿化及小区阴面种植；也可以分布于专类药用植物园。根据本实验结果，短葶山麦冬适宜种植在荫蔽环境，对于一定程度的干旱有耐受性，但是不适于种植在干旱炎热的阳光直射地带。
Liriope muscari(Decne．)Bailey is a liliaceous Renascent Herbs,which has linerleaves,evergreen,with racemose of lavender flowers. Mature nuts are dark green or blue. Most regions ofChina are wild distribution and cultivation.
In this syudy,we used two years Liriope muscari(Decne．)Bailey for material.This research setfour stess of water, high temperature, low temperature, shade four stress treatments, the majorphysiological and biochemical indices determination under different stress conditions. Purpose wasto ascertain the Stress short the Draba mountain Ophiopogon damage the mechanism, to provide atheoretical basis for the cultivation of the plants, and to study their garden application.
The results are as follows:
(1) Under water stress, the Liriope muscari(Decne．)Bailey leaf RWC decreased gradually withthe prolonged stress time, the RWD gradually increased; gradually rise as the the osmolytes freeproline content and soluble protein content increased at firstdecline; composition of the protectiveenzyme system SOD, CAT and POD activity first increased and then a downward trend; Liriopemuscari(Decne．)Bailey with stress prolonging the gradual increase in the relative conductivity, thesame, MDA content with stress prolongingstress a deeper level also gradually increased; a gradualdecline in chlorophyll content, chlorophyll a/b ratio has been declining.Liriope muscari t adaptedwell under mild drough,to have a certain tolerance under moderate drought, and have a poor growthunder severe drought.
(2) With the extension of the stress time, the Liriope muscari(Decne．)Bailey leaf water contentdecreased gradually; gradually decreased SOD activity rose rapidly to the POD and CAT activityfirst increased and then decreased; osmotic adjustment substances soluble protein, soluble sugar andfree prolinecontent first increased and then decreased; the content of MDA increased gradually; totalchlorophyll, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and carotenoid content decreased gradually. Liriopemuscari(Decne．)Bailey intolerance fever, growth retardation in high temperature conditions.
(3)Under low temperature stress, the Liriope muscari(Decne．)Bailey SOD activity on the rise-down-rising "Z" shaped curve; a gradual decline in the activity of POD; CAT activity first increasedand then decreased curve; extended the MDA with the stress timecontent increased gradually and therate of increase gradually accelerated; chlorophyll content decreased, but decreased less; solublesugar content first and then decreased, and eventually lower than the control. Liriopemuscari(Decne．)Bailey has low temperature tolerance.
(4) Liriope muscari(Decne．)Bailey in the shade stress, leaf area is gradually increasing, and isproportional to the stress time; SOD activity in the full light of a slight increase in mild shadegradually decreased in moderate and severe shade firstincreased and then decreased; in varyingdegrees of shade, MDA content increased at first and then decreased, and eventually lower than thecontrol value; continue to decline in soluble sugar content; chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b contentswere rising, but the chlorophylla/b ratio is declining. Liriope muscari(Decne．)Bailey normalgrowth require a certain amount of shade, the Liriope muscari(Decne．)Bailey growth of the mostgood in the mild shade environment, full light and moderate, and severe shade will be causingobstruction.
(5) Liriope muscari(Decne．)Bailey as garden plants, is ornamental garden the form of a widerange of applications, can be used as the mixed cultivation of the flower border with a variety of plants; can be planted in the park green undergrowth and forest edge; also be used as slopeprotection plant of soil and water conservation;urban overpass bridge shade green and residential thenightside planting; can also be distributed in a special type of medicinal Botanical Garden.According to the results of this experiment, the Liriope muscari suitable for planting in a shadedenvironment for some degree of drought tolerance, but not suitable for planting in the hot arid zoneof direct sunlight.
本文采用2年生短葶山麦冬盆栽苗为研究对象，设置干旱、高温、低温、遮荫四种胁迫处理，测定在不同胁迫条件下短葶山麦冬的主要生理生化指标，旨在探明逆境胁迫对短葶山麦冬造成伤害的机理，为短葶山麦冬的种植和管理提供理论依据，并研究其园林应用。
主要结论如下：
（1）在水分胁迫下，短葶山麦冬叶片含水量随着胁迫时间延长逐渐下降，而饱和水分亏缺则逐渐上升；作为渗透调节物质的游离脯氨酸含量逐渐上升，而可溶性蛋白含量则先上升后下降；组成保护性酶系统的SOD、CAT、POD活性则呈现先上升后下降的趋势；短葶山麦冬随胁迫时间延长相对电导率逐渐上升，相同的，MDA含量也随胁迫时间延长与胁迫程度加深也逐渐上升；叶绿素总量逐渐下降，并且叶绿素a/b比值也不断下降。短葶山麦冬对轻度干旱适应良好，对中度干旱具有一定耐受力，在重度干旱下生长不良。
（2）随着高温胁迫时间的延长，短葶山麦冬叶片含水量逐渐下降；SOD活性由迅速上升到逐渐下降，POD与CAT活性先上升后下降；渗透调节物质可溶性蛋白、可溶性糖与游离脯氨酸含量都先上升后下降；MDA含量也逐渐上升；叶绿素总量、叶绿素a、叶绿素b与胡萝卜素含量都逐渐下降。短葶山麦冬不耐高热，在高温条件下生长受阻。
（3）在低温胁迫下，短葶山麦冬SOD活性呈现上升-下降-上升的“Z”字形曲线，；POD活性逐渐下降；而CAT活性呈现先上升后下降的变化曲线；随着胁迫时间加长MDA含量逐渐上升且上升速度逐渐加快；而叶绿素含量下降但下降幅度较小；可溶性糖含量先升后降，且最终低于对照。短葶山麦冬对低温有一定的耐受能力。
（4）短葶山麦冬在遮荫胁迫下，叶面积逐渐增大，与胁迫时间成正比；SOD活性在全光照下小幅上升，在轻度遮荫下逐渐下降，在中度与重度遮荫下先上升后下降；在不同程度遮荫下，短葶山麦冬MDA含量均先上升后下降，且最终均低于对照值；可溶性糖含量不断下降；叶绿素a与叶绿素b含量均不断上升，但是叶绿素a/b比值不断下降。短葶山麦冬正常生长需要一定的荫蔽，在轻度遮荫环境下生长最为良好，全光照以及中度、重度遮荫都会对短葶山麦冬生长造成阻碍。
（5）短葶山麦冬作为园林植物，具有良好的观赏性，园林应用形式广泛，可作为花境与各种植物混合种植；可在公园绿地林下及林缘种植；也可作为水土保持护坡植物；城市立交桥桥荫绿化及小区阴面种植；也可以分布于专类药用植物园。根据本实验结果，短葶山麦冬适宜种植在荫蔽环境，对于一定程度的干旱有耐受性，但是不适于种植在干旱炎热的阳光直射地带。
Liriope muscari(Decne．)Bailey is a liliaceous Renascent Herbs,which has linerleaves,evergreen,with racemose of lavender flowers. Mature nuts are dark green or blue. Most regions ofChina are wild distribution and cultivation.
In this syudy,we used two years Liriope muscari(Decne．)Bailey for material.This research setfour stess of water, high temperature, low temperature, shade four stress treatments, the majorphysiological and biochemical indices determination under different stress conditions. Purpose wasto ascertain the Stress short the Draba mountain Ophiopogon damage the mechanism, to provide atheoretical basis for the cultivation of the plants, and to study their garden application.
The results are as follows:
(1) Under water stress, the Liriope muscari(Decne．)Bailey leaf RWC decreased gradually withthe prolonged stress time, the RWD gradually increased; gradually rise as the the osmolytes freeproline content and soluble protein content increased at firstdecline; composition of the protectiveenzyme system SOD, CAT and POD activity first increased and then a downward trend; Liriopemuscari(Decne．)Bailey with stress prolonging the gradual increase in the relative conductivity, thesame, MDA content with stress prolongingstress a deeper level also gradually increased; a gradualdecline in chlorophyll content, chlorophyll a/b ratio has been declining.Liriope muscari t adaptedwell under mild drough,to have a certain tolerance under moderate drought, and have a poor growthunder severe drought.
(2) With the extension of the stress time, the Liriope muscari(Decne．)Bailey leaf water contentdecreased gradually; gradually decreased SOD activity rose rapidly to the POD and CAT activityfirst increased and then decreased; osmotic adjustment substances soluble protein, soluble sugar andfree prolinecontent first increased and then decreased; the content of MDA increased gradually; totalchlorophyll, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and carotenoid content decreased gradually. Liriopemuscari(Decne．)Bailey intolerance fever, growth retardation in high temperature conditions.
(3)Under low temperature stress, the Liriope muscari(Decne．)Bailey SOD activity on the rise-down-rising "Z" shaped curve; a gradual decline in the activity of POD; CAT activity first increasedand then decreased curve; extended the MDA with the stress timecontent increased gradually and therate of increase gradually accelerated; chlorophyll content decreased, but decreased less; solublesugar content first and then decreased, and eventually lower than the control. Liriopemuscari(Decne．)Bailey has low temperature tolerance.
(4) Liriope muscari(Decne．)Bailey in the shade stress, leaf area is gradually increasing, and isproportional to the stress time; SOD activity in the full light of a slight increase in mild shadegradually decreased in moderate and severe shade firstincreased and then decreased; in varyingdegrees of shade, MDA content increased at first and then decreased, and eventually lower than thecontrol value; continue to decline in soluble sugar content; chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b contentswere rising, but the chlorophylla/b ratio is declining. Liriope muscari(Decne．)Bailey normalgrowth require a certain amount of shade, the Liriope muscari(Decne．)Bailey growth of the mostgood in the mild shade environment, full light and moderate, and severe shade will be causingobstruction.
(5) Liriope muscari(Decne．)Bailey as garden plants, is ornamental garden the form of a widerange of applications, can be used as the mixed cultivation of the flower border with a variety of plants; can be planted in the park green undergrowth and forest edge; also be used as slopeprotection plant of soil and water conservation;urban overpass bridge shade green and residential thenightside planting; can also be distributed in a special type of medicinal Botanical Garden.According to the results of this experiment, the Liriope muscari suitable for planting in a shadedenvironment for some degree of drought tolerance, but not suitable for planting in the hot arid zoneof direct sunlight.
引文
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