基于微乳液体系制备ZnO光催化材料
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摘要
在工业废水处理行业中,染料废水由于排放量大,组成复杂,种类繁多,可生化性差,具有毒性和致癌性,严重污染了环境,一直是废水处理中的焦点和难点。光化学催化氧化技术是在光化学氧化的基础上改进发展起来的一种深度氧化技术,可有效地氧化降解染料废水中大多数难降解的有机污染物,达到去毒、除臭、脱色,直至矿化为无害、无毒的小分子物质。在有机染料废水处理方面具有巨大的应用潜力,引起研究者的广泛关注。
本文基于微乳液体系,从结构和形貌两方面对ZnO光催化剂进行改性,分别以聚苯乙烯微乳液为模板合成了介孔纳米ZnO光催化材料,采用阳离子辅助的水热微乳液法制备出了具有较高吸光特性的双晶结构六方哑铃状ZnO微晶,研究了制备条件对ZnO结构、形貌及性质的影响,提出可能的生长机理,得出了适宜的制备条件。此外,以介孔纳米ZnO和双晶结构六方哑铃状ZnO为光催化剂,以活性艳红KE-3B及活性艳红K-2BP模拟染料废水,进行了ZnO/UV体系降解模拟染料废水的研究,系统考察了各因素对染料脱色率的影响,获得了适宜的光催化降解条件,提出了染料的降解机理。
研究结果显示:聚苯乙烯微乳液是一个良好的成孔中介,采用1 oC/min的升温速率在500°C煅烧前驱体6 h,所得介孔ZnO的比表面积为11.013 m2/g,孔容为0.135 cm~3/g,介孔分布在40.2 nm左右。与无孔ZnO相比,催化效率明显提高;以CTAB作为阳离子表面活性剂,采用水热微乳液法制备出了较高吸光特性的双晶结构六方哑铃状ZnO微晶,水热反应温度、反应时间、水与表面活性剂之比、助表面活性剂、表面活性剂的浓度、反应物浓度对ZnO微观结构和形貌都有不同程度的影响,在W=10,乙酸锌的浓度为0.5 mol/L,反应温度为140°C,反应时间为14 h,[CTAB]=0.21 mol/L,正丁醇为助表面活性剂时,所得双晶结构六方哑铃状ZnO微晶的平均直径为1μm、长为3μm,在紫外-可见光区吸光性能最好。ZnO/UV体系在光催化降解活性艳红KE-3B及活性艳红K-2BP时均符合Langmuir-Hinshelwood方程;催化剂的投加量、染料的初始浓度、溶液的pH值、H_2O_2的浓度及无机阴离子均影响染料的脱色率。
In the industrial wastewater treatment process, much attention has been focused on the treating dye wastewater due to its big emissions, multiple species, high toxicity, low biodegradability, toxic and carcinogenic properties, which has resulted in serious environmental pollution. Based on the improvement of the photochemical oxidation technology, photochemical catalytic oxidation technology, a kind of deep oxidation technology, has been developed. photochemical catalytic oxidation technology can degrade the most difficultyly degradable organic pollutants existed in the dye wastewater to nontoxic or low toxic small molecules, showing great potential application in organic dyes wastewater treatment.
Based on the microemulsion system, the mesoporous ZnO material has been prepared by using homemade polystyrene microemulsion as templates in this paper. At the same time, the hexagonal cylinder-like ZnO with a regular twinning microstructure were successfully synthesized via a cationic surfactant-assisted hydrothermal microemulsion route. The effects of preparation conditions on the structure, morphology and properties of ZnO were investigated and the suitable preparation conditions were obtained. Moreover, the possible formation mechanism was also proposed.
The photocatalytic performance of ZnO/UV system was investigated by using the mesoporous ZnO and hexagonal cylinder-like ZnO with a regular twinning microstructure as photocatalyst and the Reactive Brilliant Red KE-3B and Reactive Brilliant Red K-2BP as simulated dye wastewater, respectively. The effects of operating parameters on the decolorization ratio were studied and the the suitable operating conditions were obtained. Based on the experimental results, the probable pathways for the formation of intermediates were also proposed.
Experimental results showed that the polystyrene microemulsion was a good pore forming intermediary. The specific surface area, pore volume and pore size distribution of the synthesized mesoporous ZnO calcined at 500 oC for 6 h were 11.013 m~2·g~(-1), 0.135 cm~3·g~(-1) and 40.2 nm, respectively. The porous ZnO exhibited higher photocatalytic activity than that of nonporous ZnO when the two samples are calcined at the same temperature. In this study, a cationic surfactant-assisted microemulsion process combined with hydrothermal techniques had been developed for synthesizing hexagonal cylinder-like ZnO with a regular twinning microstructure. The results showed that the reaction temperature, the reaction time, the molar ratio (w) between water and CTAB, cosurfactant, the concentration of surfactant, the concentration of reactant exhibited obvious influence on the morphologies and structures of the products. The absorbance of products, which prepared at 140 oC for 14 h when w = 10, [CTAB] = 0.21 mol/L, with 1μm in diameter and 3μm in length, exhibited the strongest absorbance peak in UV-vis absorption spectra.
The photocatalytic degradation rate of Reactive Brilliant Red KE-3B and Reactive Brilliant Red K-2BP were both followed the pseudo-first-order kinetic when ZnO/UV system was used. Moreover, the key operation parameters such as catalyst loading, initial dye concentration, solution pH, hydrogen peroxide dosage and anions (SO42?, NO3?, Cl? and CO32?) can affect the decolorization.
本文基于微乳液体系,从结构和形貌两方面对ZnO光催化剂进行改性,分别以聚苯乙烯微乳液为模板合成了介孔纳米ZnO光催化材料,采用阳离子辅助的水热微乳液法制备出了具有较高吸光特性的双晶结构六方哑铃状ZnO微晶,研究了制备条件对ZnO结构、形貌及性质的影响,提出可能的生长机理,得出了适宜的制备条件。此外,以介孔纳米ZnO和双晶结构六方哑铃状ZnO为光催化剂,以活性艳红KE-3B及活性艳红K-2BP模拟染料废水,进行了ZnO/UV体系降解模拟染料废水的研究,系统考察了各因素对染料脱色率的影响,获得了适宜的光催化降解条件,提出了染料的降解机理。
研究结果显示:聚苯乙烯微乳液是一个良好的成孔中介,采用1 oC/min的升温速率在500°C煅烧前驱体6 h,所得介孔ZnO的比表面积为11.013 m2/g,孔容为0.135 cm~3/g,介孔分布在40.2 nm左右。与无孔ZnO相比,催化效率明显提高;以CTAB作为阳离子表面活性剂,采用水热微乳液法制备出了较高吸光特性的双晶结构六方哑铃状ZnO微晶,水热反应温度、反应时间、水与表面活性剂之比、助表面活性剂、表面活性剂的浓度、反应物浓度对ZnO微观结构和形貌都有不同程度的影响,在W=10,乙酸锌的浓度为0.5 mol/L,反应温度为140°C,反应时间为14 h,[CTAB]=0.21 mol/L,正丁醇为助表面活性剂时,所得双晶结构六方哑铃状ZnO微晶的平均直径为1μm、长为3μm,在紫外-可见光区吸光性能最好。ZnO/UV体系在光催化降解活性艳红KE-3B及活性艳红K-2BP时均符合Langmuir-Hinshelwood方程;催化剂的投加量、染料的初始浓度、溶液的pH值、H_2O_2的浓度及无机阴离子均影响染料的脱色率。
In the industrial wastewater treatment process, much attention has been focused on the treating dye wastewater due to its big emissions, multiple species, high toxicity, low biodegradability, toxic and carcinogenic properties, which has resulted in serious environmental pollution. Based on the improvement of the photochemical oxidation technology, photochemical catalytic oxidation technology, a kind of deep oxidation technology, has been developed. photochemical catalytic oxidation technology can degrade the most difficultyly degradable organic pollutants existed in the dye wastewater to nontoxic or low toxic small molecules, showing great potential application in organic dyes wastewater treatment.
Based on the microemulsion system, the mesoporous ZnO material has been prepared by using homemade polystyrene microemulsion as templates in this paper. At the same time, the hexagonal cylinder-like ZnO with a regular twinning microstructure were successfully synthesized via a cationic surfactant-assisted hydrothermal microemulsion route. The effects of preparation conditions on the structure, morphology and properties of ZnO were investigated and the suitable preparation conditions were obtained. Moreover, the possible formation mechanism was also proposed.
The photocatalytic performance of ZnO/UV system was investigated by using the mesoporous ZnO and hexagonal cylinder-like ZnO with a regular twinning microstructure as photocatalyst and the Reactive Brilliant Red KE-3B and Reactive Brilliant Red K-2BP as simulated dye wastewater, respectively. The effects of operating parameters on the decolorization ratio were studied and the the suitable operating conditions were obtained. Based on the experimental results, the probable pathways for the formation of intermediates were also proposed.
Experimental results showed that the polystyrene microemulsion was a good pore forming intermediary. The specific surface area, pore volume and pore size distribution of the synthesized mesoporous ZnO calcined at 500 oC for 6 h were 11.013 m~2·g~(-1), 0.135 cm~3·g~(-1) and 40.2 nm, respectively. The porous ZnO exhibited higher photocatalytic activity than that of nonporous ZnO when the two samples are calcined at the same temperature. In this study, a cationic surfactant-assisted microemulsion process combined with hydrothermal techniques had been developed for synthesizing hexagonal cylinder-like ZnO with a regular twinning microstructure. The results showed that the reaction temperature, the reaction time, the molar ratio (w) between water and CTAB, cosurfactant, the concentration of surfactant, the concentration of reactant exhibited obvious influence on the morphologies and structures of the products. The absorbance of products, which prepared at 140 oC for 14 h when w = 10, [CTAB] = 0.21 mol/L, with 1μm in diameter and 3μm in length, exhibited the strongest absorbance peak in UV-vis absorption spectra.
The photocatalytic degradation rate of Reactive Brilliant Red KE-3B and Reactive Brilliant Red K-2BP were both followed the pseudo-first-order kinetic when ZnO/UV system was used. Moreover, the key operation parameters such as catalyst loading, initial dye concentration, solution pH, hydrogen peroxide dosage and anions (SO42?, NO3?, Cl? and CO32?) can affect the decolorization.
引文
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