网络舆论：我国公共政策议题的新来源
摘要
网络舆论作为我国政府公共政策议题的新来源,进一步完善了我国公共政策的制定,使我国的公共政策能更广泛、更真实地反映民意。本文首先从理论层面上分别介绍了网络舆论的相关概念和特征、公共政策议题的涵义和形成过程以及对网络舆论与公共政策议题之间的关系进行了分析;然后以公共政策议题的形成过程为线索,在对“孙志刚事件”的发生到《城市流浪乞讨人员收容遣送办法》的废止整个过程进行分析的基础上,总结了网络舆论向公共政策议题演变的独特优势。但由于网络舆论中存在一定的非理性成分以及理性却相互对立的观点,加上政府工作人员处理网络信息的能力有限等因素,网络舆论在向政府公共政策议题演变的过程中也存在着一定的难题。因此,本文分别针对网络舆论在向公共政策议题演变过程的不同阶段中所存在的问题,提出了相应的对策,保障了网络舆论向政府公共政策议题的顺利演变。
Although, People have a great deal of rights, such as the right of knowing the inside story; the right of expression; the right of participation; and the right of supervise. It is no doubt that the appearance of Internet supply unimpeded channels for the public to express their views about the Government’s work, participate in decision-making, and supervise organs and its staff. Recently, from the Internet, some little-known cases of corruption are exposed and revealed. Some of minority government officials’arbitrarily activities and violations of civil rights have been corrected. With the Internet, people can express from each other, without different sex, different ages, different races, different identity and different industry in the same platform. People should do everything over there that he or she wants to say or express the various criticisms and suggestions directly. From the dummy and mutual Internet, people obtain the more and more high-level equality awareness and communicated desire, all kinds of information were mustered constantly with the high efficiency of Internet and because of the low-threshold of Internet, the atmosphere of democracy was full of living.
Internet is not only a technical but also an information service. It is not only a means of communication but also an important form of society. Internet is gathering the views of the public. Many government agencies through the internet to meet the public’right how to be practiced, and make it as an important part of Democracy. With its own advantage, Internet is expanding citizen’s political participation orderly from various levels and fields. Of course, we must see that as a modern information communication technology, Internet itself still has some problems. This reminded policy makers that they must pay more attention to the information’s quality when they are collecting information and seeking the views of the people in the Internet. The virtual of Internet will lead to the distortion of information, and interactive Internet will enlarge the voice of the minority. Only establishing a scientific information identification system, we can effectively screen the information on the internet, and develop various principles and policies to protect the citizen’s various rights.
In this article, the relation between the Internet public opinion’s and the public policy-making process as the entering spot. It is based that analysis the new sources of the Internet public opinion and the impact of issues of the public policy as the problem of public policy issues, then, it will help to discuss the problems and issues of the changes from the Internet public opinion to problems of public issues.
This article has three parts. The first part analyzed the relevant content between Internet public opinion and public policy issues from the theoretical level. Firstly, around the Internet public opinion, we reviewed the history of the development of the Internet at home and abroad, and expounded the development of the Internet’s impact on political life. And then, we lead out the concept of the Internet public opinion from the development of the Internet, and defined the related concepts. As the Internet public opinion is the public pinion on the Internet, some similarities must be exit between them. Therefore, this article went from the two aspects of the Internet public opinion (similarities and personality) to analysis its characteristics, which has enable us to have a more clear opinion of the Internet public opinion. Secondly, this part pointed out that weather the right problem have been asked and how the problem to be looked at are the keys of public policy-making .It make the public policy issues for clues to detailed the progress of the public agenda formulation ( the cognitive of issues, the defining of the problems, as well as the problem’s evolution).Lastly, with a clear understanding of the Internet public opinion and public policy issues, I find some inherent link between them: the Internet public opinion has the condition and advantage to evolve into the public’s news of social issues, but not all of the public opinion in Internet has the value to be evolved into it. After that, I also make a theoretical analysis about the advantage of the Internet public opinion in the evolution of public policy issues.
The second part in order to prove the relationship between the Internet public opinion and public policy issues, based on a full analysis of a case, which we based on to analysis the Internet public opinion’s various influences on the Government’s policy-making activities, and aggregated the Internet public opinion’s advantages and limitations that may appear during the Internet public opinion evolution of the public policy issues. As every thing has two opposite sides, there are positive and negative factors exist in the progress of the Internet public opinion’s turning to the public policy issues. For one thing, the characteristics of Internet information’s massive, specialized, efficient, simultaneous and interactive can make the Internet public opinion more comprehensive and rationality, promote the Internet public opinion’s evolution to public policy issue. For the other thing, the process of Internet public opinion’s turning to policy issues will be meet with certain obstacles, such as: information technology elite monopoly on the network, the public's weak awareness of political participation, Internet users’limited ability to process information, low credibility of the Internet information and the lack of the information security laws and systems all will affect the Internet public opinion evolution of policy issues, and weaken the Internet public opinion on the impact of public policy-making.
The third part is at the base of pointing out the resistance factors which exist in the procedure of Internet public opinion’s turning to the Government public policy, make the procedure of Internet public opinion’s turning to the Government public policy (the formation stage of Internet public opinion----the policy options formation stage----policy agenda’s formative stage) for clues, bring forward some measures to solve the difficulties that may arise at different stages of the procedure. For example, at the stage of Internet public opinion, I suggest using the inherent advantage of the professional news website and the Internet’s timely and interactive to control and guide the Internet public opinion. At the policy options formation stage, in order to against the government staff’s limited capacity of receiving and dealing with the Internet information, I suggest speeding up the construction of highly efficient e-government and strengthening the government staff’s training with the skills of handling Information. Finally, at the policy agenda’s formative stage, the article suggests that the government should raise the staff’s public awareness and active people’s political participation to strengthen the communication between the public and government. These measures can crack the resistance actors which exist in the procedure of Internet public opinion’s turning to the Government public policy, and smooth the Internet public opinion’s evolution to the public policy issues.
Although, People have a great deal of rights, such as the right of knowing the inside story; the right of expression; the right of participation; and the right of supervise. It is no doubt that the appearance of Internet supply unimpeded channels for the public to express their views about the Government’s work, participate in decision-making, and supervise organs and its staff. Recently, from the Internet, some little-known cases of corruption are exposed and revealed. Some of minority government officials’arbitrarily activities and violations of civil rights have been corrected. With the Internet, people can express from each other, without different sex, different ages, different races, different identity and different industry in the same platform. People should do everything over there that he or she wants to say or express the various criticisms and suggestions directly. From the dummy and mutual Internet, people obtain the more and more high-level equality awareness and communicated desire, all kinds of information were mustered constantly with the high efficiency of Internet and because of the low-threshold of Internet, the atmosphere of democracy was full of living.
Internet is not only a technical but also an information service. It is not only a means of communication but also an important form of society. Internet is gathering the views of the public. Many government agencies through the internet to meet the public’right how to be practiced, and make it as an important part of Democracy. With its own advantage, Internet is expanding citizen’s political participation orderly from various levels and fields. Of course, we must see that as a modern information communication technology, Internet itself still has some problems. This reminded policy makers that they must pay more attention to the information’s quality when they are collecting information and seeking the views of the people in the Internet. The virtual of Internet will lead to the distortion of information, and interactive Internet will enlarge the voice of the minority. Only establishing a scientific information identification system, we can effectively screen the information on the internet, and develop various principles and policies to protect the citizen’s various rights.
In this article, the relation between the Internet public opinion’s and the public policy-making process as the entering spot. It is based that analysis the new sources of the Internet public opinion and the impact of issues of the public policy as the problem of public policy issues, then, it will help to discuss the problems and issues of the changes from the Internet public opinion to problems of public issues.
This article has three parts. The first part analyzed the relevant content between Internet public opinion and public policy issues from the theoretical level. Firstly, around the Internet public opinion, we reviewed the history of the development of the Internet at home and abroad, and expounded the development of the Internet’s impact on political life. And then, we lead out the concept of the Internet public opinion from the development of the Internet, and defined the related concepts. As the Internet public opinion is the public pinion on the Internet, some similarities must be exit between them. Therefore, this article went from the two aspects of the Internet public opinion (similarities and personality) to analysis its characteristics, which has enable us to have a more clear opinion of the Internet public opinion. Secondly, this part pointed out that weather the right problem have been asked and how the problem to be looked at are the keys of public policy-making .It make the public policy issues for clues to detailed the progress of the public agenda formulation ( the cognitive of issues, the defining of the problems, as well as the problem’s evolution).Lastly, with a clear understanding of the Internet public opinion and public policy issues, I find some inherent link between them: the Internet public opinion has the condition and advantage to evolve into the public’s news of social issues, but not all of the public opinion in Internet has the value to be evolved into it. After that, I also make a theoretical analysis about the advantage of the Internet public opinion in the evolution of public policy issues.
The second part in order to prove the relationship between the Internet public opinion and public policy issues, based on a full analysis of a case, which we based on to analysis the Internet public opinion’s various influences on the Government’s policy-making activities, and aggregated the Internet public opinion’s advantages and limitations that may appear during the Internet public opinion evolution of the public policy issues. As every thing has two opposite sides, there are positive and negative factors exist in the progress of the Internet public opinion’s turning to the public policy issues. For one thing, the characteristics of Internet information’s massive, specialized, efficient, simultaneous and interactive can make the Internet public opinion more comprehensive and rationality, promote the Internet public opinion’s evolution to public policy issue. For the other thing, the process of Internet public opinion’s turning to policy issues will be meet with certain obstacles, such as: information technology elite monopoly on the network, the public's weak awareness of political participation, Internet users’limited ability to process information, low credibility of the Internet information and the lack of the information security laws and systems all will affect the Internet public opinion evolution of policy issues, and weaken the Internet public opinion on the impact of public policy-making.
The third part is at the base of pointing out the resistance factors which exist in the procedure of Internet public opinion’s turning to the Government public policy, make the procedure of Internet public opinion’s turning to the Government public policy (the formation stage of Internet public opinion----the policy options formation stage----policy agenda’s formative stage) for clues, bring forward some measures to solve the difficulties that may arise at different stages of the procedure. For example, at the stage of Internet public opinion, I suggest using the inherent advantage of the professional news website and the Internet’s timely and interactive to control and guide the Internet public opinion. At the policy options formation stage, in order to against the government staff’s limited capacity of receiving and dealing with the Internet information, I suggest speeding up the construction of highly efficient e-government and strengthening the government staff’s training with the skills of handling Information. Finally, at the policy agenda’s formative stage, the article suggests that the government should raise the staff’s public awareness and active people’s political participation to strengthen the communication between the public and government. These measures can crack the resistance actors which exist in the procedure of Internet public opinion’s turning to the Government public policy, and smooth the Internet public opinion’s evolution to the public policy issues.
引文
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