岩体节理三维网络模拟优化及在甘肃北山芨芨槽岩块的应用研究
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摘要
在岩体工程地质条件调查分析的基础上,对岩体所赋存的结构条件进行有效的描述和定量化分析,是进行岩体力学特性、岩体水力学特性及岩体工程性质判断的有效途径。本论文以中国高放废物处置库甘肃北山预选区芨芨槽岩块场址评价为背景,在系统地回顾岩体节理三维网络模拟技术和基于岩体节理三维模拟应用研究的已有成果和研究现状后,按照岩体节理调查-节理分析-节理三维网络模拟的研究思路,深入研究了岩体节理三维网络模拟技术和芨芨槽岩块岩体节理和场地特征。
通过芨芨槽岩块岩体露头节理调查和钻孔岩芯编录获得大量的节理数据。本文以岩体节理数据为对象,分析了岩体节理几何特征,完善和优化了岩体节理三维网络模拟技术,论文主要研究内容包括:
(1)圆形窗口法研究。圆形窗口法是估算节理迹长平均值和节理面密度值的有效方法。本文通过Monte Carlo法模拟节理采样过程,进行了圆形窗口取样大小和取样位置的研究,分析了采样过程中矩形窗口宽度与节理迹长平均值的相互关系,对圆形窗口法计算及节理采样提出了有益的建议。
(2)岩体结构均质区划分。以地质力学为基础,利用构造断裂周围露头节理迹长平均值和节理面密度值的变化划分芨芨槽岩块岩体结构均质区。
(3)节理产状优势组划分。运用改进模糊聚类方法代替传统方法进行节理优势组划分及确定产状优势方位,计算过程的程序化使得应用该方法分析大量产状数据时十分便利;所有的节理数据参与分组,计算结果更全面、更合理;通过隶属度值的修正,降低了孤立点节理产状数据对聚类结果的影响,使得优势组方位更为明显。
(4)节理大小的研究。以Monte Carlo法模拟节理采样过程,假设全体节理迹长负指数和对数正态分布,分析了包容性节理迹长分布与全体节理迹长分布相互关系;以圆盘节理空间几何分布为基础,不假定节理直径的可能分布,提出一种新的数值方法估算节理直径分布。
(5)节理密度研究。以近似水平露头节理分布为对象,通过不同阈值RQD值分析了岩体各向异性;提出一种新方法,在钻孔节理分布图上不同位置布置不同特征尺度测线,统计各测线的节理线密度,通过钻孔节理线密度变化估算岩体REV大小;通过节理间距的统计分析以及节理间距分布的研究,分析了岩体特征以及节理密集带形成过程;根据钻孔节理分布,分析了缓倾角原生节理形成机理及其特征;采用加权平均值方法估算岩体各优势组节理面密度;利用空间几何方法推导节理体密度大小计算公式,估算岩体各优势组节理体密度值。
(6)岩体节理三维网络可视化实现。通过随机性构造节理和确定性原生节理模拟,实现了岩体节理三维网络可视化。
本文完善和优化了岩体节理三维网络技术,建立了岩体节理三维网络模型,为以后的岩石质量评价、场地评价,以及核素迁移和洞室稳定性计算提供基础性数据和平台,具有重要意义。
It is important to quantitatively analyze and effectively describe the structural condition of rock mass. It is a valid way for determining the mechanical, hydraulic and engineering characteristics of rock mass. The study of the 3D joint network simulation in rock mass and its application is reviewed in detail. The paper bases on the site investigation of Jijicao block, Beishan, Gansu province, the pre-selected area of Chinese High Level Radioactive Waste. Followed the route from investigation of rock mass joints to the analysis of joint characteristics, and to 3D joint network simulation in the rock mass, the optimization of 3D joint network simulation, the characteristics of the rock mass joints and the properties of the site in Jijicao block are studied.
A great deal of joint data is obtained from the joint survey and the borehole logging in Jijicao block. Attention is focused on the probability analysis of the joints geometry characteristics and the optimization of 3D joint network simulation in rock mass principally. The detail of my research is listed as following:
(1) Study on the circular sampling window method
By simulating the joint survey on outcrops, the Monte Carlo method is employed to determine the size and position of the circular window, and used to study the relationship of the width of the rectangular window and the mean joint trace length. Appropriate suggestions about the circular sampling window method and the joints survey are present.
(2) Partition of the structure homogeneities in rock mass
In this paper, the circular sampling window method is employed to carry out to estimate the mean joint trace length and joint trace midpoint density around the both sides of the faults. According to the interference range of two faults,Jijicao block is accurately divided into three regions where the structure of rock mass is homogenous and two regions where are interferenced by the two faults.
(3) Classification of the joint orientations
Improved fuzzy clustering analysis by amending degree of membership is applied to classifying the joint orientations instead of the traditional analysis. Based on the improved fuzzy clustering algorithm, the program can deal with a large quantity of joint orientations. And degree of membership of some isolated joint orientation is modified to reduce their contribution for the results of fuzzy clustering analysis. The study shows that the results of fuzzy clustering analysis are reliable and reasonable. And the dominant orientations and classification are more precise.
(4) Study on the joint size
Based on the Monte Carlo method, the relationship of the included joint trace length and the total joint trace length is studied quantitatively by simulating the joint survey on outcrops. Furthermore, the joint size which presents the extension of the joint plane in space is involved. For the joint Poisson disc model, the joint size can be represented by the joint diameter. Warburton’s method is right theoretically, but its practicability is not good for using the joint probabilistic distribution. In this paper, a new method for estimating the joint diameter distribution is suggested without using the joint probabilistic distribution.
(5) Study on the joint density
With the joint survey on outcrops, we introduce the concept of general RQD which is used with different thresholds to determine anisotropy of rock mass. By means of analyzing the variation of the joint line density in borehole, a new method for estimating the REV size of rock mass is proposed. The characteristics of the rock mass and the formation process of the joint compact district are involved through the analysis of the joint spacing. And the formation mechanism of the primary joint is described. By the weighted average method, joint trace midpoint densities of the dominant joint sets are obtained. And based on the space geometric relationship, the calculation formula of joint volume density is deduced and joint volume densities of the dominant joint sets are obtained.
Some new optimistically methods in some key techniques are used to make 3D joint network simulation in the rock mass more exact, and more beneficial to its application. 3D joint network simulation in the rock mass is a valid tool, which is applied in evaluation of rock mass quality, evaluation of site property, migration of nuclide and stability of surround rock in tunnels.
通过芨芨槽岩块岩体露头节理调查和钻孔岩芯编录获得大量的节理数据。本文以岩体节理数据为对象,分析了岩体节理几何特征,完善和优化了岩体节理三维网络模拟技术,论文主要研究内容包括:
(1)圆形窗口法研究。圆形窗口法是估算节理迹长平均值和节理面密度值的有效方法。本文通过Monte Carlo法模拟节理采样过程,进行了圆形窗口取样大小和取样位置的研究,分析了采样过程中矩形窗口宽度与节理迹长平均值的相互关系,对圆形窗口法计算及节理采样提出了有益的建议。
(2)岩体结构均质区划分。以地质力学为基础,利用构造断裂周围露头节理迹长平均值和节理面密度值的变化划分芨芨槽岩块岩体结构均质区。
(3)节理产状优势组划分。运用改进模糊聚类方法代替传统方法进行节理优势组划分及确定产状优势方位,计算过程的程序化使得应用该方法分析大量产状数据时十分便利;所有的节理数据参与分组,计算结果更全面、更合理;通过隶属度值的修正,降低了孤立点节理产状数据对聚类结果的影响,使得优势组方位更为明显。
(4)节理大小的研究。以Monte Carlo法模拟节理采样过程,假设全体节理迹长负指数和对数正态分布,分析了包容性节理迹长分布与全体节理迹长分布相互关系;以圆盘节理空间几何分布为基础,不假定节理直径的可能分布,提出一种新的数值方法估算节理直径分布。
(5)节理密度研究。以近似水平露头节理分布为对象,通过不同阈值RQD值分析了岩体各向异性;提出一种新方法,在钻孔节理分布图上不同位置布置不同特征尺度测线,统计各测线的节理线密度,通过钻孔节理线密度变化估算岩体REV大小;通过节理间距的统计分析以及节理间距分布的研究,分析了岩体特征以及节理密集带形成过程;根据钻孔节理分布,分析了缓倾角原生节理形成机理及其特征;采用加权平均值方法估算岩体各优势组节理面密度;利用空间几何方法推导节理体密度大小计算公式,估算岩体各优势组节理体密度值。
(6)岩体节理三维网络可视化实现。通过随机性构造节理和确定性原生节理模拟,实现了岩体节理三维网络可视化。
本文完善和优化了岩体节理三维网络技术,建立了岩体节理三维网络模型,为以后的岩石质量评价、场地评价,以及核素迁移和洞室稳定性计算提供基础性数据和平台,具有重要意义。
It is important to quantitatively analyze and effectively describe the structural condition of rock mass. It is a valid way for determining the mechanical, hydraulic and engineering characteristics of rock mass. The study of the 3D joint network simulation in rock mass and its application is reviewed in detail. The paper bases on the site investigation of Jijicao block, Beishan, Gansu province, the pre-selected area of Chinese High Level Radioactive Waste. Followed the route from investigation of rock mass joints to the analysis of joint characteristics, and to 3D joint network simulation in the rock mass, the optimization of 3D joint network simulation, the characteristics of the rock mass joints and the properties of the site in Jijicao block are studied.
A great deal of joint data is obtained from the joint survey and the borehole logging in Jijicao block. Attention is focused on the probability analysis of the joints geometry characteristics and the optimization of 3D joint network simulation in rock mass principally. The detail of my research is listed as following:
(1) Study on the circular sampling window method
By simulating the joint survey on outcrops, the Monte Carlo method is employed to determine the size and position of the circular window, and used to study the relationship of the width of the rectangular window and the mean joint trace length. Appropriate suggestions about the circular sampling window method and the joints survey are present.
(2) Partition of the structure homogeneities in rock mass
In this paper, the circular sampling window method is employed to carry out to estimate the mean joint trace length and joint trace midpoint density around the both sides of the faults. According to the interference range of two faults,Jijicao block is accurately divided into three regions where the structure of rock mass is homogenous and two regions where are interferenced by the two faults.
(3) Classification of the joint orientations
Improved fuzzy clustering analysis by amending degree of membership is applied to classifying the joint orientations instead of the traditional analysis. Based on the improved fuzzy clustering algorithm, the program can deal with a large quantity of joint orientations. And degree of membership of some isolated joint orientation is modified to reduce their contribution for the results of fuzzy clustering analysis. The study shows that the results of fuzzy clustering analysis are reliable and reasonable. And the dominant orientations and classification are more precise.
(4) Study on the joint size
Based on the Monte Carlo method, the relationship of the included joint trace length and the total joint trace length is studied quantitatively by simulating the joint survey on outcrops. Furthermore, the joint size which presents the extension of the joint plane in space is involved. For the joint Poisson disc model, the joint size can be represented by the joint diameter. Warburton’s method is right theoretically, but its practicability is not good for using the joint probabilistic distribution. In this paper, a new method for estimating the joint diameter distribution is suggested without using the joint probabilistic distribution.
(5) Study on the joint density
With the joint survey on outcrops, we introduce the concept of general RQD which is used with different thresholds to determine anisotropy of rock mass. By means of analyzing the variation of the joint line density in borehole, a new method for estimating the REV size of rock mass is proposed. The characteristics of the rock mass and the formation process of the joint compact district are involved through the analysis of the joint spacing. And the formation mechanism of the primary joint is described. By the weighted average method, joint trace midpoint densities of the dominant joint sets are obtained. And based on the space geometric relationship, the calculation formula of joint volume density is deduced and joint volume densities of the dominant joint sets are obtained.
Some new optimistically methods in some key techniques are used to make 3D joint network simulation in the rock mass more exact, and more beneficial to its application. 3D joint network simulation in the rock mass is a valid tool, which is applied in evaluation of rock mass quality, evaluation of site property, migration of nuclide and stability of surround rock in tunnels.
引文
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90 Chiles J P and Marsilyde G. Stochastic model of fractures systems and their use in flow and transport modeling. In: Jocob Bear,Chin-Fu Tsang & Ghislain de Marsily ed. Flow and Contaminant Transport in Fractured Rock. Paris: Academic Press Inc., 1993, 169-141.
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