DDA方法及其在裂隙岩体工程中的应用研究
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摘要
DDA是一种继离散元法之后用于分析节理岩体的非连续变形分析方法。该方法可以用来计算块体系统动力学和静力学问题,实际上,只要将块体单元划分足够小,块体之间的节理粘结强度足够大,DDA也可以模拟连续体的受力问题。论文首先对与DDA平行的各种岩土力学数值方法进行了系统的介绍,并指出了各自特点。然后对DDA的基本理论进行了初步研究和探讨,在熟悉DDA原理和算法基础上,将石根华博士赠送的DDA程序中的平面应力模型改为常用的平面应变模型,并对DDA前后处理做了部分改进。研究了形成块体单元的结构面的聚类分组方法,提出了将图像处理技术应用于DDA建模的思想并进行了实际应用。并对DDA方法初步研究了唐家山滑坡启动和隧道顶板塌方,模拟效果较好。本文具体研究工作内容如下:
(1)较深入学习并研究了DDA的接触算法等核心知识,将原有的线弹性平面应力模型修改为平面应变模型。初步编写了用于将ANSYS单元网格转化为DDA所需的单元建模数据的程序,为DDA建模增加了新的手段。
(2) DDA中的块体单元是模拟实际结构面切割而成的,在获取结构面第一手资料后,需要研究建立结构面的分布概率模型,形成结构面网络。这需要用到结构面分组技术。本文将聚类分析方法用于结构面分组,通过MATLAB编程实现了结构面产状的动态分类,效果较好。
(3) DDA一般用于分析材料非连续变形,如何用DDA方法考虑岩土体非均质性的细观空间分布,本文对此进行了初步的研究工作。本文首次提出了将数字图像技术用于DDA建模的方法,借助数字图像技术获取岩体材料非均质性的细观几何分布信息,运用图像矢量化(给出了图形矢量化算法)将其转化为通用的DXF格式数据文件,实现了考虑岩石非均质性的细观空间分布的DDA建模。
(4)文章将DDA用于滑坡的数值模拟的研究,验证了滑坡启动判据的可靠性,并指出了影响滑坡启动(稳定性)的相关因素。同时,将DDA方法用于隧道顶板塌方的分析,效果较好。
Discontinuous Deformation Analysis (DDA) method, presented after Discrete Element Method (DEM) , is a numerical method can be applied to analysis joint fracture rock and compute dynamic and static behavior of block systems. Exactly, DDA method can be also to analyze force response of continuous material if cohesive strength of virtual joint is big enough and block element is small enough. Most of numerical methods, paralleled with DDA, in geo-mechanics engineering are firstly introduced in this paper, application and important principle of these numerical methods is discussed preliminarily. Basic theory of DDA method and some achievements of research were then presented, which is on basis of understanding core DDA program code. For instance, because of weakness in pre-processer and post processer of DDA, a approach using APDL and C/C++ language is carried out to implement modeling of DDA. Besides, a novel idea is proposed to modeling by using digital image processing (DIP) technology, which can obtain meso-geometrics information about distribution of many minerals in rock sample. In addition, Clustering method is applied to identify structural plane of rock mass, which was accomplished in platform of MATLAB. Finally, Tangjiashan slope is analyzed using DDA method and tunnel roof of sloughing. Detailed work and related conclusion are summarized as follows:
(1) On basis of apprehending DDA principle and core algorithm, linear elastic model of plane stress was changed to be that of plane strain, which is used more widespread used in computation.
(2) Block elements are formed by joint, fracture plane and/or fault age, which with complicated properties were produced by different condition and different reason. How to identify these structural planes is so important before modeling of DDA. Clustering method is introduced to solve this problem and realized by programming in MATLAB tool.
(3) DDA is used to analyze continuous geo-materials deformation. Digital image processing technology is applied to obtain geometric distribution of all kinds of minerals in rock. Image vectorization is also used in this process and a new algorithm is presented in this paper.
(4) By computation of free falling body, accuracy of DDA in dynamic force computation is revealed. And then DDA is using to simulate the whole process of slope which is trigged by so many factors such as earthquake, seepage and so on.
(1)较深入学习并研究了DDA的接触算法等核心知识,将原有的线弹性平面应力模型修改为平面应变模型。初步编写了用于将ANSYS单元网格转化为DDA所需的单元建模数据的程序,为DDA建模增加了新的手段。
(2) DDA中的块体单元是模拟实际结构面切割而成的,在获取结构面第一手资料后,需要研究建立结构面的分布概率模型,形成结构面网络。这需要用到结构面分组技术。本文将聚类分析方法用于结构面分组,通过MATLAB编程实现了结构面产状的动态分类,效果较好。
(3) DDA一般用于分析材料非连续变形,如何用DDA方法考虑岩土体非均质性的细观空间分布,本文对此进行了初步的研究工作。本文首次提出了将数字图像技术用于DDA建模的方法,借助数字图像技术获取岩体材料非均质性的细观几何分布信息,运用图像矢量化(给出了图形矢量化算法)将其转化为通用的DXF格式数据文件,实现了考虑岩石非均质性的细观空间分布的DDA建模。
(4)文章将DDA用于滑坡的数值模拟的研究,验证了滑坡启动判据的可靠性,并指出了影响滑坡启动(稳定性)的相关因素。同时,将DDA方法用于隧道顶板塌方的分析,效果较好。
Discontinuous Deformation Analysis (DDA) method, presented after Discrete Element Method (DEM) , is a numerical method can be applied to analysis joint fracture rock and compute dynamic and static behavior of block systems. Exactly, DDA method can be also to analyze force response of continuous material if cohesive strength of virtual joint is big enough and block element is small enough. Most of numerical methods, paralleled with DDA, in geo-mechanics engineering are firstly introduced in this paper, application and important principle of these numerical methods is discussed preliminarily. Basic theory of DDA method and some achievements of research were then presented, which is on basis of understanding core DDA program code. For instance, because of weakness in pre-processer and post processer of DDA, a approach using APDL and C/C++ language is carried out to implement modeling of DDA. Besides, a novel idea is proposed to modeling by using digital image processing (DIP) technology, which can obtain meso-geometrics information about distribution of many minerals in rock sample. In addition, Clustering method is applied to identify structural plane of rock mass, which was accomplished in platform of MATLAB. Finally, Tangjiashan slope is analyzed using DDA method and tunnel roof of sloughing. Detailed work and related conclusion are summarized as follows:
(1) On basis of apprehending DDA principle and core algorithm, linear elastic model of plane stress was changed to be that of plane strain, which is used more widespread used in computation.
(2) Block elements are formed by joint, fracture plane and/or fault age, which with complicated properties were produced by different condition and different reason. How to identify these structural planes is so important before modeling of DDA. Clustering method is introduced to solve this problem and realized by programming in MATLAB tool.
(3) DDA is used to analyze continuous geo-materials deformation. Digital image processing technology is applied to obtain geometric distribution of all kinds of minerals in rock. Image vectorization is also used in this process and a new algorithm is presented in this paper.
(4) By computation of free falling body, accuracy of DDA in dynamic force computation is revealed. And then DDA is using to simulate the whole process of slope which is trigged by so many factors such as earthquake, seepage and so on.
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