生鲜农产品配送系统优化与动态仿真
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摘要
随着信息技术的发展,现代物流作为“第三个利润源泉”正受到日益广泛的重视,并面临前所未有的发展机遇。我国农产品物流发展相对落后,如何在满足消费者日益多变的需求的同时,为企业带来利润,引起了广大决策者和研究者的兴趣。在现代物流中,配送是一个与消费者直接相连的重要环节,其体现了企业的核心竞争力。而配送中心选址、配送路径优化和库存优化是配送系统优化中的重要内容,通过对各个环节的优化,有利于提高农产品物流管理水平和运作效率,降低配送成本,增强农产品物流的综合竞争力,为生产实践提供决策理论依据。
研究了我国传统的生鲜农产品物流配送模式及国外的主要配送模式,在现有流通模式的基础上,提出了适合我国国情的生鲜农产品配送模式;根据配送中心选址的原则和主要影响因素等,以节省企业各项运营成本和最小投资费用为目标,建立多个配送中心选址问题的数学模型;以生鲜农产品配送过程中的时间和车辆载重量为约束条件,建立了运输成本最小为目标的生鲜农产品配送路径优化模型;分析了合理库存的重要性,从满足消费的需求出发,对配送中心的库存进行设计计算,以保证库存的合理性、经济性和最优性为目标,建立了库存控制优化模型。从系统化思想出发,将配送系统中心选址、运输与库存三大问题进行整合,同时考虑中心选址固定投资费用、运输费用和库存费用的综合成本最低为目标函数,建立了生鲜农产品配送系统选址-库存联合优化模型。
对配送中心选址模型和配送路径优化模型的求解,采用蚁群算法,运用VC和Java编写相应的求解程序;对库存控制优化模型的求解,采用遗传算法,运用VB编写相应的求解程序。对配送系统的动态仿真进行了理论分析、系统设计,开发了生鲜农产品配送系统的动态仿真系统。最后,以福建冷藏物流企业为例,对配送系统进行了初步应用分析,表明动态仿真系统有助于提高生鲜农产品物流配送系统管理决策水平,提高系统运作效率,降低配送成本。
With the development of the information technology, logistics, known as " a resource of the third profit" is calling for a broad attention and confronting with unprecedented development opportunities. Confessedly, fresh agricultural products logistics in China is relatively underdeveloped. The goal to meet the gradually changing demands of customers thus bring the enterprises with potential profits have attracted the many decision-makers and researcher. In modern logistics, distribution directly associates with customers which make it so significant as to reveal the core competition of enterprises. The location of distribution centers, selection of distribution routes and inventory control are playing important roles in the optimization of a distribution system. It is beneficial to improve both logistics management level and operating efficiency of fresh agricultural products through the optimization of each part. Therefore, the cost of distribution can be reduced, the integrated competitiveness of fresh agricultural products logistics can be enforced and theories for reference are available to the strategy process of production practice.
The traditional distribution modes of fresh agricultural products as well as the main distribution patterns abroad were discussed and one that is suitable to the real situation of China is advanced on the basis of those existed modes. According to the principles of centers location and main influencing factors, mathematics models dealing with the location of multi distribution centers were established targeted on the minimum operating and investing costs of the enterprises. Given the restrictions of time and load capacity of vehicles during the distribution process, optimization model of distribution routes was set up aiming at the minimum transportation costs. The importance of a proper inventory was analyzed and customers demands were considered within warehouses design the distribution centers. The optimization models of inventory control were built as well to guarantee its rational, economical and best-performance objective. The location of distribution centers, transportation, and inventory were integrated systematically. Optimization models that unite both location and inventory problems in a distribution system were established considering costs of regular investments, transportation and inventory as well as their minimum costs in sum during the distribution process.
Ant Colony algorithm was applied to solve the mathematics models of centers location and routes optimization problems. Visual C++ and Java were used to program. As for solutions to the inventory control models, Genetic algorithm was adopted and Visual Basics was picked up to program. Under a theoretical analysis and systematical design of the dynamic simulation for the distribution system, a dynamic simulation system of fresh agricultural products distribution system was developed. At last, a application analysis of the distribution centers was done taking Fujian Lengcang Logistics company as cases studies. The application result shows that the management and decision-making levels of a distribution system are improved and consequently its operating efficiency is increased and its distribution cost is reduced.
研究了我国传统的生鲜农产品物流配送模式及国外的主要配送模式,在现有流通模式的基础上,提出了适合我国国情的生鲜农产品配送模式;根据配送中心选址的原则和主要影响因素等,以节省企业各项运营成本和最小投资费用为目标,建立多个配送中心选址问题的数学模型;以生鲜农产品配送过程中的时间和车辆载重量为约束条件,建立了运输成本最小为目标的生鲜农产品配送路径优化模型;分析了合理库存的重要性,从满足消费的需求出发,对配送中心的库存进行设计计算,以保证库存的合理性、经济性和最优性为目标,建立了库存控制优化模型。从系统化思想出发,将配送系统中心选址、运输与库存三大问题进行整合,同时考虑中心选址固定投资费用、运输费用和库存费用的综合成本最低为目标函数,建立了生鲜农产品配送系统选址-库存联合优化模型。
对配送中心选址模型和配送路径优化模型的求解,采用蚁群算法,运用VC和Java编写相应的求解程序;对库存控制优化模型的求解,采用遗传算法,运用VB编写相应的求解程序。对配送系统的动态仿真进行了理论分析、系统设计,开发了生鲜农产品配送系统的动态仿真系统。最后,以福建冷藏物流企业为例,对配送系统进行了初步应用分析,表明动态仿真系统有助于提高生鲜农产品物流配送系统管理决策水平,提高系统运作效率,降低配送成本。
With the development of the information technology, logistics, known as " a resource of the third profit" is calling for a broad attention and confronting with unprecedented development opportunities. Confessedly, fresh agricultural products logistics in China is relatively underdeveloped. The goal to meet the gradually changing demands of customers thus bring the enterprises with potential profits have attracted the many decision-makers and researcher. In modern logistics, distribution directly associates with customers which make it so significant as to reveal the core competition of enterprises. The location of distribution centers, selection of distribution routes and inventory control are playing important roles in the optimization of a distribution system. It is beneficial to improve both logistics management level and operating efficiency of fresh agricultural products through the optimization of each part. Therefore, the cost of distribution can be reduced, the integrated competitiveness of fresh agricultural products logistics can be enforced and theories for reference are available to the strategy process of production practice.
The traditional distribution modes of fresh agricultural products as well as the main distribution patterns abroad were discussed and one that is suitable to the real situation of China is advanced on the basis of those existed modes. According to the principles of centers location and main influencing factors, mathematics models dealing with the location of multi distribution centers were established targeted on the minimum operating and investing costs of the enterprises. Given the restrictions of time and load capacity of vehicles during the distribution process, optimization model of distribution routes was set up aiming at the minimum transportation costs. The importance of a proper inventory was analyzed and customers demands were considered within warehouses design the distribution centers. The optimization models of inventory control were built as well to guarantee its rational, economical and best-performance objective. The location of distribution centers, transportation, and inventory were integrated systematically. Optimization models that unite both location and inventory problems in a distribution system were established considering costs of regular investments, transportation and inventory as well as their minimum costs in sum during the distribution process.
Ant Colony algorithm was applied to solve the mathematics models of centers location and routes optimization problems. Visual C++ and Java were used to program. As for solutions to the inventory control models, Genetic algorithm was adopted and Visual Basics was picked up to program. Under a theoretical analysis and systematical design of the dynamic simulation for the distribution system, a dynamic simulation system of fresh agricultural products distribution system was developed. At last, a application analysis of the distribution centers was done taking Fujian Lengcang Logistics company as cases studies. The application result shows that the management and decision-making levels of a distribution system are improved and consequently its operating efficiency is increased and its distribution cost is reduced.
引文
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