宁波市新农村GIS开发与应用研究
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摘要
党的十六届五中全会提出的建设社会主义新农村这一重大任务,是党和政府在新时期解决“三农”问题的重大举措。新农村建设涉及农村经济建设、政治建设、文化建设和社会建设等方方面面,这些方面的建设都与信息化紧密相连。地理信息系统作为以空间数据管理与分析为特征的信息技术,在农村建设中已有很多应用,包括农业资源及生态环境的管理、农业生产、村镇规划等。但目前,GIS在农村中的应用仍然存在不少问题,如各个部门所建立的系统往往都是相互独立,数据和软件资源不能共享,难以进行多要素的综合分析；在新农村建设关注的生态环境、农民生活等方面应用很少；大多数GIS的建设成本较高,适合一般农业生产人员使用的低成本、易操作的GIS产品较少等。随着新农村建设的推进及GIS应用的广泛深入,需要对存在的问题及相关技术进行研究。
论文结合宁波市新农村GIS建设开展研究,主要研究内容和取得的成果有如下四个方面：
1)基于服务式的宁波市新农村GIS的设计及共享服务平台的开发。对面向Web服务的地理信息共享服务框架以及关键技术进行了研究,提出了宁波市新农村GIS的设计,并开发了一个面向服务的地理空间信息共享平台,包括基础数据服务、常用的数据处理服务以及平台管理模块,该平台形成统一的、跨行业和跨部门的地理空间信息共享模式,可以在此基础上构建不同架构(C/S、B/S以及M/S)的专业GIS,实现资源的共享、集成与融合。
2)宁波市森林碳储量估算GIS的开发与应用。针对宁波市森林生态系统的特点,结合样方分析,建立了宁波市森林碳储量估算模型,利用共享平台提供的数据服务,开发了C/S架构的宁波市森林碳储量估算GIS,并利用该系统对宁波市森林碳储量估算与分析,分析结果表明宁波全市森林总体碳储量为39.5TgC西部山区森林碳储量较高,中部平原地区和东部沿海区域碳储量较低。
3)宁波市新农村建设评价WebGIS开发与应用。通过对国内已有的新农村建设评价指标体系进行频度分析和理论分析,结合宁波市新农村建设的实际情况,提出了由5个一级指标、27个二级指标构成的宁波市新农村建设评价指标体系,并结合专家打分,制定了各个指标的权重,在此基础上,构建了基于服务的宁波市新农村建设评价WebGIS系统,系统能定期访问服务平台提供的最新数据,对评价结果进行更新并进行Web发布,同时,在没有获得某些数据的情况下,能够对各个指标的权重进行动态修正
4)测土配方移动GIS的开发与应用。根据宁波市的实际情况,建立了基于目标产量的施肥量计算模型,并开发了M/S架构的测土配方移动GIS,该系统的客户端包括GPS实时定位、土壤参数查询和施肥建议三个模块,可以实时获得所在位置的经纬度坐标、查询所在位置的土壤参数并可以通过选择肥料种类、目标亩产量获得施肥量建议。在宁海县东部六个乡镇采集了104个样点,通过Kriging插值法获得了研究区各土壤养分含量的空间分布图,利用测土配方移动GIS可以快速获得所在位置的土壤肥力信息及施肥量建议,显示了系统具有较好实用性。
The significant historic task of constructing socialism new rural areas advanced at the Fifth Plenary Session of the Party's 16th session is an important strategic policy of the Central Party Committee in order to solve the "rural, agricultural and fanners" issues in the new era. The new rural construction involves rural economic development, political construction, cultural development and social development and other aspects, which are inextricably linked with the construction of information. As an typical information technology for spatial data management and analysis, geographical information system (GIS) has been widely applied in the construction of rural area, including agricultural resources and ecological environmental management, agricultural production, rural planning, etc. However, at the present time, there are still many problems in GIS application for rural area. For example, it is hard to make comprehensive multi-factors analysis because the various systems established by different departments are independent, which makes both the data and software impossible to be shared; Little research on applying GIS to ecological environment and people's life of rural area has been done before; Construction fee of most GIS is high and there is few GIS products that are low-cost and easy-operated for general use of agriculture-related person. As the new rural construction goes on and the development of GIS application technology, it's quite necessary to research on these problems and related technologies.
This paper carries out researches on the GIS development of the new rural construction in Ningbo, which includes research contents and results mainly on the following four aspects:
1) The development of service-oriented GIS and service-sharing platform for the new rural construction of Ningbo. Based on researches on webservice-oriented geographical information sharing framework and the key technologies, this paper proposed how to design a new rural GIS for Ningbo, and developed a service-oriented geographical information sharing platform, which involves basic data service, common data processing service and management module. This platform is unified, cross-industries and cross-sectors, which makes it feasible to build professional GIS of different structures (B/S, C/S or M/S) on it. Under this situation, sharing and integration of resources are implemented.
2) The development and applications of forest carbon stock calculation GIS in Ningbo. According to the characteristics of Ningbo forest ecosystems, the forest carbon stock model is established with quadrates analysis. Based on the data services provided by the sharing platform, the forest carbon stock GIS is developed with a C/S framework, which is then used to calculate the forest carbon stock of Ningbo and make an analysis. The result shows that the forest carbon stock of Ningbo amounts to 39.5TgC. It also indicates that the forest carbon stock in the western mountain areas is higher while it is lower in the central plains and eastern coastal areas.
3) The development and applications of WebGIS for new rural construction evaluation in Ningbo. After making frequency analysis and theoretical analysis on the evaluation systems established by the domestic researchers on this issue, a new evaluation system made up of 5 first-class indexes and 27 second-class indexes is proposed to evaluate the new rural construction in Ningbo. Then, according to experts'marking, the weighted coefficient of each index is ascertained. A service-oriented evaluation WebGIS of new rural construction in Ningbo is developed based on this evaluation system, which thermally accesses the latest data provided by the service platform, and then updates the evaluation results on the web. Besides, if certain fields of statistical data are lost, the evaluation system will be modified automatically to fit the data.
4) The development and application of mobile GIS in formula fertilization by soil testing. According to the actual situation of Ningbo, a fertilization model based on target output is proposed. Then a mobile GIS within M/S framework is development in formula fertilization by soil testing. The client of this GIS system includes three modules:real-time location by GPS, the query service of soil parameters and formula fertilization suggestion, which can be used to get the exact coordination of location, find out the soil parameters of location and figure out fertilization suggestion based on fertilizer type and target yield.104 soil samples are collected in the six eastern towns of Ninghai county. Based on these samples, a spatial distribution map of this area is made using Kriging interpolation method. The soil fertility information and fertilization suggestion based on the location of mobile client can be acquired immediately by the mobile GIS of formula fertilization by soil testing. It suggests that this mobile GIS is practical.
论文结合宁波市新农村GIS建设开展研究,主要研究内容和取得的成果有如下四个方面：
1)基于服务式的宁波市新农村GIS的设计及共享服务平台的开发。对面向Web服务的地理信息共享服务框架以及关键技术进行了研究,提出了宁波市新农村GIS的设计,并开发了一个面向服务的地理空间信息共享平台,包括基础数据服务、常用的数据处理服务以及平台管理模块,该平台形成统一的、跨行业和跨部门的地理空间信息共享模式,可以在此基础上构建不同架构(C/S、B/S以及M/S)的专业GIS,实现资源的共享、集成与融合。
2)宁波市森林碳储量估算GIS的开发与应用。针对宁波市森林生态系统的特点,结合样方分析,建立了宁波市森林碳储量估算模型,利用共享平台提供的数据服务,开发了C/S架构的宁波市森林碳储量估算GIS,并利用该系统对宁波市森林碳储量估算与分析,分析结果表明宁波全市森林总体碳储量为39.5TgC西部山区森林碳储量较高,中部平原地区和东部沿海区域碳储量较低。
3)宁波市新农村建设评价WebGIS开发与应用。通过对国内已有的新农村建设评价指标体系进行频度分析和理论分析,结合宁波市新农村建设的实际情况,提出了由5个一级指标、27个二级指标构成的宁波市新农村建设评价指标体系,并结合专家打分,制定了各个指标的权重,在此基础上,构建了基于服务的宁波市新农村建设评价WebGIS系统,系统能定期访问服务平台提供的最新数据,对评价结果进行更新并进行Web发布,同时,在没有获得某些数据的情况下,能够对各个指标的权重进行动态修正
4)测土配方移动GIS的开发与应用。根据宁波市的实际情况,建立了基于目标产量的施肥量计算模型,并开发了M/S架构的测土配方移动GIS,该系统的客户端包括GPS实时定位、土壤参数查询和施肥建议三个模块,可以实时获得所在位置的经纬度坐标、查询所在位置的土壤参数并可以通过选择肥料种类、目标亩产量获得施肥量建议。在宁海县东部六个乡镇采集了104个样点,通过Kriging插值法获得了研究区各土壤养分含量的空间分布图,利用测土配方移动GIS可以快速获得所在位置的土壤肥力信息及施肥量建议,显示了系统具有较好实用性。
The significant historic task of constructing socialism new rural areas advanced at the Fifth Plenary Session of the Party's 16th session is an important strategic policy of the Central Party Committee in order to solve the "rural, agricultural and fanners" issues in the new era. The new rural construction involves rural economic development, political construction, cultural development and social development and other aspects, which are inextricably linked with the construction of information. As an typical information technology for spatial data management and analysis, geographical information system (GIS) has been widely applied in the construction of rural area, including agricultural resources and ecological environmental management, agricultural production, rural planning, etc. However, at the present time, there are still many problems in GIS application for rural area. For example, it is hard to make comprehensive multi-factors analysis because the various systems established by different departments are independent, which makes both the data and software impossible to be shared; Little research on applying GIS to ecological environment and people's life of rural area has been done before; Construction fee of most GIS is high and there is few GIS products that are low-cost and easy-operated for general use of agriculture-related person. As the new rural construction goes on and the development of GIS application technology, it's quite necessary to research on these problems and related technologies.
This paper carries out researches on the GIS development of the new rural construction in Ningbo, which includes research contents and results mainly on the following four aspects:
1) The development of service-oriented GIS and service-sharing platform for the new rural construction of Ningbo. Based on researches on webservice-oriented geographical information sharing framework and the key technologies, this paper proposed how to design a new rural GIS for Ningbo, and developed a service-oriented geographical information sharing platform, which involves basic data service, common data processing service and management module. This platform is unified, cross-industries and cross-sectors, which makes it feasible to build professional GIS of different structures (B/S, C/S or M/S) on it. Under this situation, sharing and integration of resources are implemented.
2) The development and applications of forest carbon stock calculation GIS in Ningbo. According to the characteristics of Ningbo forest ecosystems, the forest carbon stock model is established with quadrates analysis. Based on the data services provided by the sharing platform, the forest carbon stock GIS is developed with a C/S framework, which is then used to calculate the forest carbon stock of Ningbo and make an analysis. The result shows that the forest carbon stock of Ningbo amounts to 39.5TgC. It also indicates that the forest carbon stock in the western mountain areas is higher while it is lower in the central plains and eastern coastal areas.
3) The development and applications of WebGIS for new rural construction evaluation in Ningbo. After making frequency analysis and theoretical analysis on the evaluation systems established by the domestic researchers on this issue, a new evaluation system made up of 5 first-class indexes and 27 second-class indexes is proposed to evaluate the new rural construction in Ningbo. Then, according to experts'marking, the weighted coefficient of each index is ascertained. A service-oriented evaluation WebGIS of new rural construction in Ningbo is developed based on this evaluation system, which thermally accesses the latest data provided by the service platform, and then updates the evaluation results on the web. Besides, if certain fields of statistical data are lost, the evaluation system will be modified automatically to fit the data.
4) The development and application of mobile GIS in formula fertilization by soil testing. According to the actual situation of Ningbo, a fertilization model based on target output is proposed. Then a mobile GIS within M/S framework is development in formula fertilization by soil testing. The client of this GIS system includes three modules:real-time location by GPS, the query service of soil parameters and formula fertilization suggestion, which can be used to get the exact coordination of location, find out the soil parameters of location and figure out fertilization suggestion based on fertilizer type and target yield.104 soil samples are collected in the six eastern towns of Ninghai county. Based on these samples, a spatial distribution map of this area is made using Kriging interpolation method. The soil fertility information and fertilization suggestion based on the location of mobile client can be acquired immediately by the mobile GIS of formula fertilization by soil testing. It suggests that this mobile GIS is practical.
引文
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