泥石流动力过程模拟及特征研究
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摘要
泥石流是一种在山区频发的地质灾害,其具有很强的破坏性,常常会对人们的生命和财产安全构成严重的威胁,也成为制约山区发展的重要因素。随着科学技术的不断发展,结合泥石流动力模型方程的数值模拟已经成为泥石流研究的重要手段,其不但可以反演再现灾害的发展过程,便于人们提高对泥石流的认识,还可以对泥石流灾害进行预测预报,为防灾减灾设计提供参考。泥石流的研究引起了各领域的高度重视,在近些年取得了一定的成果,但由于本身具有复杂的成分组成和力学机制,泥石流的研究仍是国内外工程领域的热点和难点课题。
本文首先对泥石流动力模型方程进行研究,讨论了泥石流的静动力阻力特征,通过修正静力条件下的底面剪切阻力项,得到了具有静动力统一特征的模型方程,实现了动力方程在静力条件下向静力方程的回归,从而完善了模型方程理论。在此基础上,应用静力方程和静力分析方法推导得到了泥石流堆积形态曲线,并对不同边界条件和材料组成条件下的堆积形态进行了讨论和分析。
以HLL格式的近似Rimann解为基础,采用有限体积数值离散方法在无结构三角形网格上对泥石流动力模型方程进行数值离散,并采用空间MUSCL线性重构方法和时间二步Rung-Kutta方法得到具有时间和空间二阶精度的格式,典型算例的数值验证表明本文的数值格式具有较高的精度和分辨率,是稳定和有效的。
应用已经建立的理论模型和数值方法,对不同条件下的泥石流动力过程进行数值模拟试验研究,讨论不同条件对泥石流动力过程的影响,研究其中的规律和特征。其中包括能量过程的研究、底阻条件及侵蚀条件对动力过程的影响、以及障碍物对动力过程的影响等。
最后,对两个具体的灾害实例进行数值反演计算分析,通过数值计算模拟再现出动力发展的过程,并将计算所得致灾范围与实际情况做对比分析,通过对动力过程中出现的现象和问题进行讨论和分析,揭示出底面水压力和侵蚀作用在动力发展过程中的重要作用。
Debris flow is one of the common mountain hazards which seriously threaten human lives and belongings and affect humain normal life, and therefore, it becomes an important factor restricting the development of mountain area. With the development of scientific technology, the numerical simulation combining with the dynamic model equation of debris flow has become a main method to study debris flow. In this way, we can not only know more about debris flow through the inversion and reappearance of the happening of these disasters, but also predict debris flow in order to provide an appropriate design for the prevention of disasters. The research on debris flow is paid great attention by different fields and certain achievements have been obtained. However, due to its complexe components and mechanical mechanism, the study of debris flow remains a hot and difficult subject in home and abroad engineering field.
In this paper, the dynamic model equation of debris flow is analysed, the characteristics of static and dynamic resistance of debris flow are dicussed, by modifying the shear resistance term at bottom surface under static conditions, the model equation which has the uniform characteristic of static and dynamic is obtained, and the return of dynamic equation to static equation under static conditions is realized, and thus, the theory of model equation is perfected. On the basis of these analyses and with the static analysis method, the accumulation state curve of debris flow is obtained by deducting the static equation. Futhermore, the accumulation sate under different boundary conditions and different composing material conditions is also discussed.
Based on the approximate Riemann solver of HLL scheme, the numerical discretization of dynamic model equation on unstructured triangular meshes is achieved with finite volume method. By use of space MUSCL linear reconstruction and time two-step Rung-Kutta, the format of space-time second order accuracy is obtained. The numerical validation of concrete example shows that the numerical scheme has higher precision and resolution, and proves its stability and effectivity.
With the established theoretical model and numerical methods, the numerical simulation of dynamic process of debris flow under different conditions is achieved. The influence of different conditions on dynamic process of debris flow and the included regularities and characteristics as those of energy process, the influence of bottom surface resistance conditions, erosion conditions and obstacles on dynamic process, and so on are also discussed.
Finally, through the numerical inversion and calculative analysis of two concrete disaster cases, the dynamic development process reappears with the numerical simulation methods. Comparing these obtained disaster-caused areas with the real ones, it can be seen from the discussion and analysis on the phenomenon happened during the dynamic process that basal water pressure and erosion play important roles during the occurrence process of disasters.
本文首先对泥石流动力模型方程进行研究,讨论了泥石流的静动力阻力特征,通过修正静力条件下的底面剪切阻力项,得到了具有静动力统一特征的模型方程,实现了动力方程在静力条件下向静力方程的回归,从而完善了模型方程理论。在此基础上,应用静力方程和静力分析方法推导得到了泥石流堆积形态曲线,并对不同边界条件和材料组成条件下的堆积形态进行了讨论和分析。
以HLL格式的近似Rimann解为基础,采用有限体积数值离散方法在无结构三角形网格上对泥石流动力模型方程进行数值离散,并采用空间MUSCL线性重构方法和时间二步Rung-Kutta方法得到具有时间和空间二阶精度的格式,典型算例的数值验证表明本文的数值格式具有较高的精度和分辨率,是稳定和有效的。
应用已经建立的理论模型和数值方法,对不同条件下的泥石流动力过程进行数值模拟试验研究,讨论不同条件对泥石流动力过程的影响,研究其中的规律和特征。其中包括能量过程的研究、底阻条件及侵蚀条件对动力过程的影响、以及障碍物对动力过程的影响等。
最后,对两个具体的灾害实例进行数值反演计算分析,通过数值计算模拟再现出动力发展的过程,并将计算所得致灾范围与实际情况做对比分析,通过对动力过程中出现的现象和问题进行讨论和分析,揭示出底面水压力和侵蚀作用在动力发展过程中的重要作用。
Debris flow is one of the common mountain hazards which seriously threaten human lives and belongings and affect humain normal life, and therefore, it becomes an important factor restricting the development of mountain area. With the development of scientific technology, the numerical simulation combining with the dynamic model equation of debris flow has become a main method to study debris flow. In this way, we can not only know more about debris flow through the inversion and reappearance of the happening of these disasters, but also predict debris flow in order to provide an appropriate design for the prevention of disasters. The research on debris flow is paid great attention by different fields and certain achievements have been obtained. However, due to its complexe components and mechanical mechanism, the study of debris flow remains a hot and difficult subject in home and abroad engineering field.
In this paper, the dynamic model equation of debris flow is analysed, the characteristics of static and dynamic resistance of debris flow are dicussed, by modifying the shear resistance term at bottom surface under static conditions, the model equation which has the uniform characteristic of static and dynamic is obtained, and the return of dynamic equation to static equation under static conditions is realized, and thus, the theory of model equation is perfected. On the basis of these analyses and with the static analysis method, the accumulation state curve of debris flow is obtained by deducting the static equation. Futhermore, the accumulation sate under different boundary conditions and different composing material conditions is also discussed.
Based on the approximate Riemann solver of HLL scheme, the numerical discretization of dynamic model equation on unstructured triangular meshes is achieved with finite volume method. By use of space MUSCL linear reconstruction and time two-step Rung-Kutta, the format of space-time second order accuracy is obtained. The numerical validation of concrete example shows that the numerical scheme has higher precision and resolution, and proves its stability and effectivity.
With the established theoretical model and numerical methods, the numerical simulation of dynamic process of debris flow under different conditions is achieved. The influence of different conditions on dynamic process of debris flow and the included regularities and characteristics as those of energy process, the influence of bottom surface resistance conditions, erosion conditions and obstacles on dynamic process, and so on are also discussed.
Finally, through the numerical inversion and calculative analysis of two concrete disaster cases, the dynamic development process reappears with the numerical simulation methods. Comparing these obtained disaster-caused areas with the real ones, it can be seen from the discussion and analysis on the phenomenon happened during the dynamic process that basal water pressure and erosion play important roles during the occurrence process of disasters.
引文
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