长江口及邻近海域浮游植物生长温度效应研究
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摘要
综合海上调查研究表明，自1980s初以来，长江口及邻近海域赤潮发生范围、规模、频率及赤潮肇事藻种类等均较以往大幅增加，且赤潮类型由单一的硅藻赤潮演变为硅藻-甲藻赤潮交替发生。文献研究结果表明，赤潮发生不仅是陆源营养盐输入增加等人类活动的结果，而且也可能是气候演变等自然环境因素综合作用的结果，其中温度变化对赤潮发生有着不可忽视的影响。然而，目前人们对长江口及邻近海域赤潮肇事浮游植物生长温度效应缺乏（半）定量化系统描述，特别是目前尚不清楚浮游植物总生物量的年际变化与典型赤潮肇事浮游植物生长温度效应控制机制之间的定量关系，而且以往对于长江口及邻近海域典型赤潮肇事浮游植物温度效应的研究及描述均基于实验条件与现场实际情况差别较大的实验室培养实验，其结果能否准确反映现场的实际情况尚缺乏深入探讨。
对此，本文采用海上综合调查数据统计分析、船基围隔生态系/培养瓶模拟现场一次培养实验、数值模拟计算等方法，比较系统地研究了长江口及邻近海域浮游植物总生物量的年际变化温度效应、典型赤潮肇事浮游植物生长的温度效应及控制机制以及两者之间的对应关系，并对比评价了现场培养实验与传统实验室培养实验的差异。其中，研究海域主要位于29～32°N，122～123.5°E附近海域；船基围隔生态系/培养瓶模拟现场一次培养实验的优势藻种包括东海原甲藻（Prorocentrumdonghaiense Lu）、骨条藻（Skeletonema）、角毛藻（Chaetoceros）和拟菱形藻（Pseudo-nitzschia）；海上综合调查数据主要包括1981～2010年约95个航次的文献报道数据及“我国近海有害赤潮发生的生态学、海洋学机制及预测防治”和“我国近海藻华灾害演变机制与生态安全”两个973项目分别于2002～2007年和2010～2011年在长江口及邻近海域20个航次的现场调查数据，主要研究结果有3个方面：
1.长江口及邻近海域浮游植物总生物量年际变化温度效应分析。
（1）1981-2011年长江口及邻近海域浮游植物总生物量的年际变化总体呈增加趋势，累计增加了约165%；同期海水温度总体上也呈逐渐升高趋势，总计升高约1.80℃，年均升高约0.06℃。线性相关分析表明，温度对浮游植物总生物量年际变化有影响，但不甚显著。
（2）根据两个973项目分别在2002～2007年和2010～2011年共计20个航次的海上调查数据，选择溶解无机氮（DIN）、磷酸盐（PO4-P）、硅酸盐（SiO3-Si）、溶解有机氮（DON）、溶解有机磷（DOP）、海水温度（ST）及光合有效光辐射通量（PAR，根据水体浊度换算）7个主要海洋学和生态学调查项目数据进行主成分分析，得出温度对浮游植物生长的影响小于营养盐及光照的影响。
（3）在非线性转化为线性的基础上，建立了上述温度、光照和营养盐因子与浮游植物生物量的多元线性回归模型，进一步分析得出温度对长江口及邻近海域浮游植物生物量年际变化的影响贡献率约为6.8%，相当于总生物量年际变化的温度效应约为5.0%/℃，年均温度效应约为0.3%。
2.长江口及邻近海域4种典型赤潮肇事浮游植物生长的温度效应研究。
2011年4、5月及2012年5、6月在长江口及邻近海域进行现场调查时，同步进行了15次船基围隔生态系/培养瓶模拟现场一次培养实验，作为对比并进行了相关优势藻种的实验室一次培养实验。
（1）按照同站位同温度平行样实验结果，现场培养实验的实验精度平均是90.5%±13.4%，与实验室培养方法的实验精度91.2%±12.6%相当；然而不同站位同藻种现场培养实验的重现性平均是54.1%±29.8%，显著低于不同来源的相同藻种实验室培养实验重现性64.9%±34.3%；但是最终的浮游植物温度效应分析结果表明现场培养实验更接近于自然界实际情况。
（2）4种典型赤潮肇事浮游植物的生长曲线均呈“S”型，按照生长周期内生物量积分计算结果，在10～30℃范围内，东海原甲藻、骨条藻、角毛藻和拟菱形藻生物量温度效应分别是9.6%/℃、5.1%/℃、8.2%/℃和4.5%/℃。结果，4种典型赤潮肇事种的相对丰度加权平均温度效应是5.2%/℃，与海上调查数据综合统计分析结果的5.0%/℃相当吻合，说明长江口及邻近海域浮游植物总生物量的年际变化温度效应主要决定于这4种典型赤潮肇事藻种。进一步分析说明，东海原甲藻的温度效应9.6%/℃基本可以代表长江口及邻近海域甲藻的温度效应，3种硅藻的相对丰度加权平均温度效应5.8%/℃基本可以代表硅藻温度效应。
3.长江口及邻近海域典型赤潮肇事浮游植物生长的温度效应控制机制研究。
（1）4种赤潮肇事浮游植物的生长曲线均符合Logistic生长模型，其中模型参数：最大生物量（Bf）和最大比生长速率（μmax）均具有温度效应。当环境温度低于最适生长温度时，4种典型赤潮肇事藻的μmax温度效应符合Van’t Hoff方程，若同时考虑浮游植物在高于其最适温度条件下的生长状况，则μmax温度效应符合Blanchard方程，与文献报道结果一致，但研究表明当浮游植物的生长温度远小于其最高耐受温度时，后者可以简化为前者。鉴于4种典型赤潮肇事浮游植物的最适生长温度一般大于26℃，所以在长江口及邻近海域使用Van’t Hoff方程能够基本满足它们μmax温度效应的描述要求；同样4种浮游植物的Bf温度效应也总体符合Van’tHoff方程。
（2）结合已有文献中长江口及邻近海域典型赤潮肇事浮游植物温度效应研究的再分析结果，本文建议在长江口及邻近海域典型赤潮浮游植物生态动力学模型研究中，无论对于硅藻还是甲藻，均应同时考虑μmax和Bf温度效应，采用Van’t Hoff方程表征；对于硅藻，其μmax温度系数的建议取值为0.145±0.108℃-1，Bf温度系数的建议取值为0.011±0.026℃-1；对于甲藻， μmax温度系数的建议取值为0.097±0.059℃-1，Bf温度系数的建议取值为0.044±0.001℃-1。这与以往对长江口及邻近海域浮游植物温度效应的描述差异较大，不过具体哪种描述更为合理，则需通过今后的现场调查数据进行验证。
总之，本文针对典型赤潮浮游植物生长温度效应，系统研究了长江口及邻近海域浮游植物总生物量的年际变化与4种典型赤潮肇事浮游植物生长温度效应控制机制的关系，并对比评价了现场培养实验与传统实验室培养实验的差异，从而在定量化层面加深了对该海域典型赤潮发生生态学控制机制的认识。本文的研究特色主要体现在综合应用海上调查数据统计分析、现场培养实验和数值模拟计算，证实了相比于传统的浮游植物实验室培养实验，现场培养实验更接近自然界实际情况；并首次得出，在长江口及邻近海域，温度对浮游植物生物量长期变化的影响贡献率约为6%，主要由东海原甲藻、骨条藻、角毛藻和拟菱形藻4种典型赤潮肇事藻引起。
Field research indicates that since1980s, Harmful algal blooms (HAB) becomemore and more serious in the Changjiang Estuary and Adjacent Coastal Waters,meanwhile the dominant species of HAB evolve from single diatom to diatom anddinoflagellate alternately. Resent studies reveal that not only increased input ofland-based sources nutrients due to human activities, but also changes of climaticconditions lead to the aggravation of HAB, and temperature exerts non-negligible impacton the occurrence of HAB. However, the quantitative description of temperature effect ofbloom algae in the Changjiang Estuary and Adjacent Coastal Waters is limited currently,specially the quantitative relationship that between interannual change of phytoplanktonbiomass and the control mechanism of temperature effect of bloom algae is not clear.Besides, previous studies that focused on temperature effect of bloom algae in theChangjiang Estuary and Adjacent Coastal Waters are all based on laboratory experimentswhere experimental conditions distinguish from the actual conditions, and the resultsmay differ from the actual situation.
Thus, in present study, we deployed statistical analysis of on site survey data,Ship-based mesocosm/bottle culture field experiments and numerical simulation tosystemically study①the interannual change temperature effect of phytoplanktonbiomass in the Changjiang Estuary and Adjacent Coastal Waters;②the temperatureeffect control mechanism of typical bloom algae; and their relationship, and③synchronously, evaluate the differences between the field culture experiment and thelaboratory culture experiment. The key results are listed bellow:
1. The effect of interannual temperature change on phytoplankton biomass in theChangjiang Estuary and Adjacent Coastal Waters
(1) The interannual change pattern of phytoplankton biomass shows a gradualincreasing trend since1981to2011, and biomass increases about165%. Meanwhile, thetemperature of surface water increases about1.80℃among these years, the increase rate is0.06℃/a. Correlation analysis indicates that temperature can affect the interannualchange of phytoplankton biomass, but the effect is not significant.
(2) Based on the observations of20cruises from2002to2007and2010to2011,data of temperature, irradiance, dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN), dissolved organicnitrogen (DON), PO4-P, dissolved organic phosphorus (DOP) and SiO3-Si were treatedby principal component analysis, and results indicated that the influence of temperatureon the growth of phytoplankton is less than nutrients and irradiance.
(3) After the relationship between the Chla and the environmental factors waschanged from nonlinear to linear, the multiple linear regression models of Chla andenvironmental factors was built. Further analysis reveals that the contribution oftemperature to the interannual change of phytoplankton biomass is6.8%, that means thetemperature effect of biomass interannual change is about5.0%/℃, and the annualtemperature effect is about0.3%.
2. The effect of temperature on growth of4typical bloom algae in the ChangjiangEstuary and Adjacent Coastal Waters
15Ship-based mesocosm/bottle culture field experiments were conducted duringthe field survey in April, May2011and May, June2012, and for comparison, thedominant species were cultured in laboratory.
(1) According to results of parallel samples that at the same station and temperature,the experiment precision of field culture experiment is about90.5%±13.4%, equivalentto laboratory culture experiment; however, the recurrence rate is about54.1%±29.8%which is significantly lower than laboratory culture experiment according to results atdifferent stations but with the same dominant algae; but the final results of mesocosmexperiments indicate that the field incubation experiments are more comparable to theactual nature.
(2) The growth curves of Prorocentrum donghaiense Lu, Skeletonema, Chaetocerosand Pseudo-nitzschia show “S” type. According to integral biomass within the growthcycle, the temperature effects of the4special bloom algae are9.6%/℃,5.1%/℃,8.2%/℃and4.5%/℃respectively in10～30℃. As a result, the weighted averagetemperature effect of the4algae according to their relative abundance is about5.2%/℃, and well coincides with5.0%/℃which was from the comprehensive statistical analysisof field survey data, hence, the temperature effect of the biomass interannual change inthe Changjiang Estuary and Adjacent Coastal Waters is mainly contributed by this4algae. Further analysis indicates that the temperature effect of dinoflagellate in theChangjiang Estuary and Adjacent Coastal Waters could be represented by the effect ofProrocentrum donghaiense Lu, which is about9.6%/℃; and diatom temperature effectcould be represented by the weighted average temperature effect of the3diatoms, whichis about5.8%/℃.
3. The control mechanism of temperature effect on bloom algae growth
(1) The growth curves of the4special bloom algae follow the Logistic growthmodel, and its parameters: maximum specific growth rate (μmax) and maximum biomass(Bf) are all affected by temperature. Under the temperature situation of the ChangjiangEstuary and Adjacent Coastal Waters, temperature effect of μmaxand Bffollow the Van’tHoff equation.
(2) Based on our analysis and results from published literatures, we suggest that thetemperature effect of μmaxand Bfshould be considered together in ecological dynamicsmodels used to study the areas of the the Changjiang Estuary and Adjacent CoastalWaters. Their quantitative relationship can be described by the Van’t Hoff equation; andfor diatom, the temperature coefficients μmaxof and Bfare0.145±0.108℃-1and0.011±0.026℃-1respectively, and for dinoflagellate the values are0.097±0.059℃-1and0.044±0.001℃-1respectively. This result is quite different from the description oftemperature effect on phytoplankton growth in previous studies, and to validate whichdescription is more reasonable, more field surveys are needed.
In summary, focused on the temperature effect of bloom forming phytoplankton, westudy the effect of interannual temperature change on phytoplankton biomass in theChangjiang Estuary and Adjacent Coastal Waters, the temperature effect controlmechanism of typical bloom algae and their relationship, as well as the differencesbetween the field culture experiment and the laboratory culture experiment. This workwill contribute to better understanding the ecological mechanism of the occurrence ofHAB. The major findings of this paper are as following: combined with statistical analysis of on site survey data, Ship-based mesocosm/bottle culture field experimentsand numerical simulation, we found that (1) contrast with previous experiment cultureexperiment, field incubation are more comparable to the actual environmental condition;(2) the temperature effect of biomass interannual change in the Changjiang Estuary andAdjacent Coastal Waters is mainly controlled by Prorocentrum donghaiense Lu,Skeletonema, Chaetoceros and Pseudo-nitzschia and its contribution to the biomasschanges is about7%.
对此，本文采用海上综合调查数据统计分析、船基围隔生态系/培养瓶模拟现场一次培养实验、数值模拟计算等方法，比较系统地研究了长江口及邻近海域浮游植物总生物量的年际变化温度效应、典型赤潮肇事浮游植物生长的温度效应及控制机制以及两者之间的对应关系，并对比评价了现场培养实验与传统实验室培养实验的差异。其中，研究海域主要位于29～32°N，122～123.5°E附近海域；船基围隔生态系/培养瓶模拟现场一次培养实验的优势藻种包括东海原甲藻（Prorocentrumdonghaiense Lu）、骨条藻（Skeletonema）、角毛藻（Chaetoceros）和拟菱形藻（Pseudo-nitzschia）；海上综合调查数据主要包括1981～2010年约95个航次的文献报道数据及“我国近海有害赤潮发生的生态学、海洋学机制及预测防治”和“我国近海藻华灾害演变机制与生态安全”两个973项目分别于2002～2007年和2010～2011年在长江口及邻近海域20个航次的现场调查数据，主要研究结果有3个方面：
1.长江口及邻近海域浮游植物总生物量年际变化温度效应分析。
（1）1981-2011年长江口及邻近海域浮游植物总生物量的年际变化总体呈增加趋势，累计增加了约165%；同期海水温度总体上也呈逐渐升高趋势，总计升高约1.80℃，年均升高约0.06℃。线性相关分析表明，温度对浮游植物总生物量年际变化有影响，但不甚显著。
（2）根据两个973项目分别在2002～2007年和2010～2011年共计20个航次的海上调查数据，选择溶解无机氮（DIN）、磷酸盐（PO4-P）、硅酸盐（SiO3-Si）、溶解有机氮（DON）、溶解有机磷（DOP）、海水温度（ST）及光合有效光辐射通量（PAR，根据水体浊度换算）7个主要海洋学和生态学调查项目数据进行主成分分析，得出温度对浮游植物生长的影响小于营养盐及光照的影响。
（3）在非线性转化为线性的基础上，建立了上述温度、光照和营养盐因子与浮游植物生物量的多元线性回归模型，进一步分析得出温度对长江口及邻近海域浮游植物生物量年际变化的影响贡献率约为6.8%，相当于总生物量年际变化的温度效应约为5.0%/℃，年均温度效应约为0.3%。
2.长江口及邻近海域4种典型赤潮肇事浮游植物生长的温度效应研究。
2011年4、5月及2012年5、6月在长江口及邻近海域进行现场调查时，同步进行了15次船基围隔生态系/培养瓶模拟现场一次培养实验，作为对比并进行了相关优势藻种的实验室一次培养实验。
（1）按照同站位同温度平行样实验结果，现场培养实验的实验精度平均是90.5%±13.4%，与实验室培养方法的实验精度91.2%±12.6%相当；然而不同站位同藻种现场培养实验的重现性平均是54.1%±29.8%，显著低于不同来源的相同藻种实验室培养实验重现性64.9%±34.3%；但是最终的浮游植物温度效应分析结果表明现场培养实验更接近于自然界实际情况。
（2）4种典型赤潮肇事浮游植物的生长曲线均呈“S”型，按照生长周期内生物量积分计算结果，在10～30℃范围内，东海原甲藻、骨条藻、角毛藻和拟菱形藻生物量温度效应分别是9.6%/℃、5.1%/℃、8.2%/℃和4.5%/℃。结果，4种典型赤潮肇事种的相对丰度加权平均温度效应是5.2%/℃，与海上调查数据综合统计分析结果的5.0%/℃相当吻合，说明长江口及邻近海域浮游植物总生物量的年际变化温度效应主要决定于这4种典型赤潮肇事藻种。进一步分析说明，东海原甲藻的温度效应9.6%/℃基本可以代表长江口及邻近海域甲藻的温度效应，3种硅藻的相对丰度加权平均温度效应5.8%/℃基本可以代表硅藻温度效应。
3.长江口及邻近海域典型赤潮肇事浮游植物生长的温度效应控制机制研究。
（1）4种赤潮肇事浮游植物的生长曲线均符合Logistic生长模型，其中模型参数：最大生物量（Bf）和最大比生长速率（μmax）均具有温度效应。当环境温度低于最适生长温度时，4种典型赤潮肇事藻的μmax温度效应符合Van’t Hoff方程，若同时考虑浮游植物在高于其最适温度条件下的生长状况，则μmax温度效应符合Blanchard方程，与文献报道结果一致，但研究表明当浮游植物的生长温度远小于其最高耐受温度时，后者可以简化为前者。鉴于4种典型赤潮肇事浮游植物的最适生长温度一般大于26℃，所以在长江口及邻近海域使用Van’t Hoff方程能够基本满足它们μmax温度效应的描述要求；同样4种浮游植物的Bf温度效应也总体符合Van’tHoff方程。
（2）结合已有文献中长江口及邻近海域典型赤潮肇事浮游植物温度效应研究的再分析结果，本文建议在长江口及邻近海域典型赤潮浮游植物生态动力学模型研究中，无论对于硅藻还是甲藻，均应同时考虑μmax和Bf温度效应，采用Van’t Hoff方程表征；对于硅藻，其μmax温度系数的建议取值为0.145±0.108℃-1，Bf温度系数的建议取值为0.011±0.026℃-1；对于甲藻， μmax温度系数的建议取值为0.097±0.059℃-1，Bf温度系数的建议取值为0.044±0.001℃-1。这与以往对长江口及邻近海域浮游植物温度效应的描述差异较大，不过具体哪种描述更为合理，则需通过今后的现场调查数据进行验证。
总之，本文针对典型赤潮浮游植物生长温度效应，系统研究了长江口及邻近海域浮游植物总生物量的年际变化与4种典型赤潮肇事浮游植物生长温度效应控制机制的关系，并对比评价了现场培养实验与传统实验室培养实验的差异，从而在定量化层面加深了对该海域典型赤潮发生生态学控制机制的认识。本文的研究特色主要体现在综合应用海上调查数据统计分析、现场培养实验和数值模拟计算，证实了相比于传统的浮游植物实验室培养实验，现场培养实验更接近自然界实际情况；并首次得出，在长江口及邻近海域，温度对浮游植物生物量长期变化的影响贡献率约为6%，主要由东海原甲藻、骨条藻、角毛藻和拟菱形藻4种典型赤潮肇事藻引起。
Field research indicates that since1980s, Harmful algal blooms (HAB) becomemore and more serious in the Changjiang Estuary and Adjacent Coastal Waters,meanwhile the dominant species of HAB evolve from single diatom to diatom anddinoflagellate alternately. Resent studies reveal that not only increased input ofland-based sources nutrients due to human activities, but also changes of climaticconditions lead to the aggravation of HAB, and temperature exerts non-negligible impacton the occurrence of HAB. However, the quantitative description of temperature effect ofbloom algae in the Changjiang Estuary and Adjacent Coastal Waters is limited currently,specially the quantitative relationship that between interannual change of phytoplanktonbiomass and the control mechanism of temperature effect of bloom algae is not clear.Besides, previous studies that focused on temperature effect of bloom algae in theChangjiang Estuary and Adjacent Coastal Waters are all based on laboratory experimentswhere experimental conditions distinguish from the actual conditions, and the resultsmay differ from the actual situation.
Thus, in present study, we deployed statistical analysis of on site survey data,Ship-based mesocosm/bottle culture field experiments and numerical simulation tosystemically study①the interannual change temperature effect of phytoplanktonbiomass in the Changjiang Estuary and Adjacent Coastal Waters;②the temperatureeffect control mechanism of typical bloom algae; and their relationship, and③synchronously, evaluate the differences between the field culture experiment and thelaboratory culture experiment. The key results are listed bellow:
1. The effect of interannual temperature change on phytoplankton biomass in theChangjiang Estuary and Adjacent Coastal Waters
(1) The interannual change pattern of phytoplankton biomass shows a gradualincreasing trend since1981to2011, and biomass increases about165%. Meanwhile, thetemperature of surface water increases about1.80℃among these years, the increase rate is0.06℃/a. Correlation analysis indicates that temperature can affect the interannualchange of phytoplankton biomass, but the effect is not significant.
(2) Based on the observations of20cruises from2002to2007and2010to2011,data of temperature, irradiance, dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN), dissolved organicnitrogen (DON), PO4-P, dissolved organic phosphorus (DOP) and SiO3-Si were treatedby principal component analysis, and results indicated that the influence of temperatureon the growth of phytoplankton is less than nutrients and irradiance.
(3) After the relationship between the Chla and the environmental factors waschanged from nonlinear to linear, the multiple linear regression models of Chla andenvironmental factors was built. Further analysis reveals that the contribution oftemperature to the interannual change of phytoplankton biomass is6.8%, that means thetemperature effect of biomass interannual change is about5.0%/℃, and the annualtemperature effect is about0.3%.
2. The effect of temperature on growth of4typical bloom algae in the ChangjiangEstuary and Adjacent Coastal Waters
15Ship-based mesocosm/bottle culture field experiments were conducted duringthe field survey in April, May2011and May, June2012, and for comparison, thedominant species were cultured in laboratory.
(1) According to results of parallel samples that at the same station and temperature,the experiment precision of field culture experiment is about90.5%±13.4%, equivalentto laboratory culture experiment; however, the recurrence rate is about54.1%±29.8%which is significantly lower than laboratory culture experiment according to results atdifferent stations but with the same dominant algae; but the final results of mesocosmexperiments indicate that the field incubation experiments are more comparable to theactual nature.
(2) The growth curves of Prorocentrum donghaiense Lu, Skeletonema, Chaetocerosand Pseudo-nitzschia show “S” type. According to integral biomass within the growthcycle, the temperature effects of the4special bloom algae are9.6%/℃,5.1%/℃,8.2%/℃and4.5%/℃respectively in10～30℃. As a result, the weighted averagetemperature effect of the4algae according to their relative abundance is about5.2%/℃, and well coincides with5.0%/℃which was from the comprehensive statistical analysisof field survey data, hence, the temperature effect of the biomass interannual change inthe Changjiang Estuary and Adjacent Coastal Waters is mainly contributed by this4algae. Further analysis indicates that the temperature effect of dinoflagellate in theChangjiang Estuary and Adjacent Coastal Waters could be represented by the effect ofProrocentrum donghaiense Lu, which is about9.6%/℃; and diatom temperature effectcould be represented by the weighted average temperature effect of the3diatoms, whichis about5.8%/℃.
3. The control mechanism of temperature effect on bloom algae growth
(1) The growth curves of the4special bloom algae follow the Logistic growthmodel, and its parameters: maximum specific growth rate (μmax) and maximum biomass(Bf) are all affected by temperature. Under the temperature situation of the ChangjiangEstuary and Adjacent Coastal Waters, temperature effect of μmaxand Bffollow the Van’tHoff equation.
(2) Based on our analysis and results from published literatures, we suggest that thetemperature effect of μmaxand Bfshould be considered together in ecological dynamicsmodels used to study the areas of the the Changjiang Estuary and Adjacent CoastalWaters. Their quantitative relationship can be described by the Van’t Hoff equation; andfor diatom, the temperature coefficients μmaxof and Bfare0.145±0.108℃-1and0.011±0.026℃-1respectively, and for dinoflagellate the values are0.097±0.059℃-1and0.044±0.001℃-1respectively. This result is quite different from the description oftemperature effect on phytoplankton growth in previous studies, and to validate whichdescription is more reasonable, more field surveys are needed.
In summary, focused on the temperature effect of bloom forming phytoplankton, westudy the effect of interannual temperature change on phytoplankton biomass in theChangjiang Estuary and Adjacent Coastal Waters, the temperature effect controlmechanism of typical bloom algae and their relationship, as well as the differencesbetween the field culture experiment and the laboratory culture experiment. This workwill contribute to better understanding the ecological mechanism of the occurrence ofHAB. The major findings of this paper are as following: combined with statistical analysis of on site survey data, Ship-based mesocosm/bottle culture field experimentsand numerical simulation, we found that (1) contrast with previous experiment cultureexperiment, field incubation are more comparable to the actual environmental condition;(2) the temperature effect of biomass interannual change in the Changjiang Estuary andAdjacent Coastal Waters is mainly controlled by Prorocentrum donghaiense Lu,Skeletonema, Chaetoceros and Pseudo-nitzschia and its contribution to the biomasschanges is about7%.
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