基于多酸材料的合成表征及其在燃油氧化脱硫中的应用
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摘要
随着环境污染问题的加剧,降低燃油中硫含量的举措势在必行,燃油中硫化物的燃烧产物是大气污染中主要污染源之一。因此,世界各国均采用越来越严格的法规限制燃油中的硫含量。工业上采用的传统的加氢脱硫技术(HDS)对于脂肪族硫化物的脱除效果好,而对于芳香族有机硫化物(如二苯并噻吩和苯并噻吩)效果却不佳。因此,许多其它可以取代加氢脱硫的技术引起了广泛的关注。温和条件下深度脱除燃油中的有机硫一直是非常重要的研究课题,特别是以过氧化氢为氧化剂进行氧化脱硫的技术备受关注。本论文中合成了一系列基于多酸的复合材料,并将其应用于硫化物氧化脱除的反应中。采用XRD、IR、Raman、SEM、TEM、BET、DRS等测试手段对所合成材料的结构、形貌及其氧化脱硫性能与催化剂结构之间的构效关系进行了深入研究。
合成了基于多酸的杂化材料HPW-CeO2,并采用XRD, TG-DSC, SEM, Raman, IR, DRS, BET等测试方法对所合成的材料进行了表征。所合成的材料在以[C8mim]BF4为萃取剂和H202为氧化剂的氧化脱硫体系中,具有良好的活性且反应条件温和,有机硫化物DBT的脱硫率可达99.4%。此外,还系统考察了催化剂用量、O/S摩尔比、反应时间和温度等因素对脱硫活性的影响,并根据活性数据作了不同底物反应的动力学计算,还对萃取氧化脱除DBT的反应机理进行了探讨。
本文中,以[C16mim]3PW12040为原料通过溶胶-凝胶法直接合成了一系列钨含量不同的介孔WO3-SiO2,并将其应用在氧化脱硫反应中。并采用XRD, IR, Raman, BET, DRS, SEM等测试手段对所合成的材料进行了表征。表征结果说明W03均匀地分散在材料上,所合成的材料比表面积为434-713m2/g,孔体积为0.35-0.50cm3/g,孔径为2.98-4.00nm。实验中,还深入研究了催化剂用量、O/S摩尔比、反应时间和温度等因素对氧化脱硫活性的影响。所合成材料对于大分子有机硫化物DBT有良好的氧化脱除性能。在最优条件下(反应温度60℃,O/S摩尔比为2.5,反应时间30min),DBT氧化脱除率为100%,而且反应体系易于循环使用。
采用[C16mim]Br和[C16mim]3PW12O40为共模板剂,一步法合成了一系列介孔分子筛WO3-SiO2,采用XRD、XPS、TEM、Raman、IR、 DRS、BET等表征手段,对所合成材料的介孔结构和钨的形态作了分析。研究表明,所合成的材料的孔体积为0.73-1.00cm3/g,孔径为4.00-5.36nm,比表面为630-930m2/g。钨物种在材料中的分散均匀,在没有其它溶剂的辅助下,对于硫化物有良好的氧化脱除活性。在温和条件下(反应温度60℃,O/S摩尔比为2.5),25mmin内DBT氧化脱除率为100%。此外,还深入研究了不同硫化物对于氧化脱硫效果的影响。催化剂在吸附氧化脱硫反应体系中可以循环使用9次,而且活性没有明显降低。并根据氧化产物的GC-MS分析,对DBT的吸附氧化反应机理进行了探讨。
本文以[C16mim]3PMo12O40为原料,通过溶胶-凝胶法合成了高度有序的介孔材料MoO3-SiO2,并采用XRD、TEM、BET、IR、Raman、DRS等测试手段对所合成材料进行了表征。表征结果说明,Mo被引入介孔SiO2框架结构中,而且不影响其介孔结构的形成。所合成材料的孔体积为0.38-0.44cm3/g,孔径为2.79-4.19nm。在反应温度为60℃、O/S摩尔比为4的条件下,40min内DBT氧化脱除率可达99.7%,且催化剂易于循环利用。
以[C16mim]Br和[C16mim]3PMo12O40为共模板剂,正硅酸四乙酯(TEOS)为硅源合成了介孔杂化材料MoO3-SiO2,并运用XRD, BET, TEM, SEM, DRS, IR, Raman等技术对所合成材料进行了表征。所合成材料的孔体积为0.91-1.31cm3/g,孔径为3.82-4.86nm,比表面为834-932m2/g。此外,所合成材料中MoO3的分散性很好,在无有机萃取剂的作用下对DBT有良好的氧化脱硫效果。在温度为60℃、O/S摩尔比为2.5的条件下,30min内DBT氧化脱除率为98.4%。
With increasing environmental pollution, the reduction of the sulfur content in diesel oil becomes an urgent requirement. Sulfur in transportation fuels is a major source of air pollution from automobiles, and the increasingly stringent fuel specifications worldwide also require reducing the sulfur content to a low level. The conventional process for the removal of most sulfur compounds in industry is known as hydrodesulfurization (HDS), which is highly efficient in removing aliphatic and acyclic sulfur-containing compounds, but less effective for aromatic organosulfur compounds such as dibenzothiophene (DBT), benzothiophene (BT). Therefore, alternative deep desulfurization technologies have attracted worldwide attention. Deep desulfurization of organic sulfur compounds in diesel under mild conditions has always been a rather significant subject in the past decades, especially oxidative desulfurization process with hydrogen peroxide.In this paper, a series of POM-based materials were synthesized and employed in the oxidative desulfurization process. These resulting materials were characterized by XRD, IR, Raman, SEM, TEM, BET, DRS and catalytic activity test, and the relationship between the structure of materials and the catalytic activities were also discussed in detail.
POM-based hybrid materials HPW-CeO2have been synthesized and characterized by XRD, TG-DSC, SEM, Raman, IR, DRS, and BET analysis. Combined with [C8mim]BF4, the catalyst was very efficient on the removal of DBT by using H2O2as the oxidant under mild Reaction conditionss, which could reach a sulfur removal of99.4%. The amount of catalyst, O/S molar ratio, reaction time and temperature were evaluated in detail, and the favorable operating condition was obtained as well as the kinetic study of substrates. A mechanism was proposed to investigate the oxidation process of DBT.
Mesoporous materials WO3-SiO2with different W contents were prepared from [C16mim]3PW12O40by direct sol-gel method and used in the oxidative desulfurization process. The materials were characterized by XRD, FT-IR, Raman, BET, DRS and SEM. The characterization results reveal that WO3was highly dispersed into silica matrix. The materials possessed high surface area (434-713m2/g), pore volume (0.35-0.50cm3/g), and pore size (2.98-4.00nm). The amount of catalyst, O/S molar ratio, reaction time and temperature on catalytic activity were evaluated in detail. Under the optimal conditions (temperature=60℃, O/S=2.5, time=30min), the desulfurization for of dibenzothiophene could reach100%. These materials were found to be highly active and reusable for oxidative desulfurization of bulky organosulfur compound DBT.
A series of tungsten-containing mesoporous WO3-SiO2have been successfully synthesized using [C16mim]3PW12O40and [C16mim]Br as co-templates by one-pot and dual-template procedure. The mesostructure and local environment of tungsten species were characterized by XRD, XPS, TEM, FT-Raman, FT-IR, DRS, and BET analysis. The materials possessed high surface area (630-930m2/g), pore volume (0.73-1.00cm3/g), and pore size (4.00-5.36nm). These materials presented a high dispersion of tungsten species and excellent catalytic activity on the removal of sulfur compounds without any organic solvents as extractants. The catalytic performance on different sulfur compounds was also investigated in detail. Under the suitable conditions (temperature=60℃O/S=2.5, time=25min), the desulfurization for of dibenzothiophene could reach100%. The absorptive oxidative desulfurization system could be recycled for nine times without significant decrease in activity. According to the GC-MS analysis of the oxidized products, a mechanism was proposed for the absorptive oxidative process of DBT.
Highly ordered mesoporous materials MoO3-SiO2was prepared from [C16mim]3PMo12O40by direct sol-gel method and characterized by XRD, TEM, BET, FT-IR, Raman and DRS. The characterization results revealed that Mo species were introduced into the meso-SiO2framework without effecting its mesoporous structure. These materials exhibited pore volume (0.38-0.44cm3/g) and pore diameter (2.79-4.19nm). The material was found to be highly active and reusable catalyst for oxidative desulfurization (ODS) of organosulfur compounds and desulfurized 99.7%of dibenzothiophene in40min under the mild reaction conditions of temperature=60℃and O/S=2.5.
Mesoporous hybrid materials MoO3-SiO2were synthesized by using [C16mim]Br and [C16mim]3PMo12O40as co-templates coupled with hydrolysis tetraethoxysilane (TEOS). XRD, BET, TEM, DRS, FT-IR and Raman were employed to characterize the mesoporous hybrid materials. These materials exhibited reflections corresponding to a pore volume of0.91-1.31cm3/g, a uniform pore size of3.82-4.86nm and large surface areas of834-932m2/g. These materials presented a high dispersion of Mo species and excellent catalytic activity on the removal of sulfur compounds DBT without any organic solvents as extractants. The desulfurization for of dibenzothiophene could reach98.4%in30min under the reaction conditions of temperature=60℃and O/S=2.5.
合成了基于多酸的杂化材料HPW-CeO2,并采用XRD, TG-DSC, SEM, Raman, IR, DRS, BET等测试方法对所合成的材料进行了表征。所合成的材料在以[C8mim]BF4为萃取剂和H202为氧化剂的氧化脱硫体系中,具有良好的活性且反应条件温和,有机硫化物DBT的脱硫率可达99.4%。此外,还系统考察了催化剂用量、O/S摩尔比、反应时间和温度等因素对脱硫活性的影响,并根据活性数据作了不同底物反应的动力学计算,还对萃取氧化脱除DBT的反应机理进行了探讨。
本文中,以[C16mim]3PW12040为原料通过溶胶-凝胶法直接合成了一系列钨含量不同的介孔WO3-SiO2,并将其应用在氧化脱硫反应中。并采用XRD, IR, Raman, BET, DRS, SEM等测试手段对所合成的材料进行了表征。表征结果说明W03均匀地分散在材料上,所合成的材料比表面积为434-713m2/g,孔体积为0.35-0.50cm3/g,孔径为2.98-4.00nm。实验中,还深入研究了催化剂用量、O/S摩尔比、反应时间和温度等因素对氧化脱硫活性的影响。所合成材料对于大分子有机硫化物DBT有良好的氧化脱除性能。在最优条件下(反应温度60℃,O/S摩尔比为2.5,反应时间30min),DBT氧化脱除率为100%,而且反应体系易于循环使用。
采用[C16mim]Br和[C16mim]3PW12O40为共模板剂,一步法合成了一系列介孔分子筛WO3-SiO2,采用XRD、XPS、TEM、Raman、IR、 DRS、BET等表征手段,对所合成材料的介孔结构和钨的形态作了分析。研究表明,所合成的材料的孔体积为0.73-1.00cm3/g,孔径为4.00-5.36nm,比表面为630-930m2/g。钨物种在材料中的分散均匀,在没有其它溶剂的辅助下,对于硫化物有良好的氧化脱除活性。在温和条件下(反应温度60℃,O/S摩尔比为2.5),25mmin内DBT氧化脱除率为100%。此外,还深入研究了不同硫化物对于氧化脱硫效果的影响。催化剂在吸附氧化脱硫反应体系中可以循环使用9次,而且活性没有明显降低。并根据氧化产物的GC-MS分析,对DBT的吸附氧化反应机理进行了探讨。
本文以[C16mim]3PMo12O40为原料,通过溶胶-凝胶法合成了高度有序的介孔材料MoO3-SiO2,并采用XRD、TEM、BET、IR、Raman、DRS等测试手段对所合成材料进行了表征。表征结果说明,Mo被引入介孔SiO2框架结构中,而且不影响其介孔结构的形成。所合成材料的孔体积为0.38-0.44cm3/g,孔径为2.79-4.19nm。在反应温度为60℃、O/S摩尔比为4的条件下,40min内DBT氧化脱除率可达99.7%,且催化剂易于循环利用。
以[C16mim]Br和[C16mim]3PMo12O40为共模板剂,正硅酸四乙酯(TEOS)为硅源合成了介孔杂化材料MoO3-SiO2,并运用XRD, BET, TEM, SEM, DRS, IR, Raman等技术对所合成材料进行了表征。所合成材料的孔体积为0.91-1.31cm3/g,孔径为3.82-4.86nm,比表面为834-932m2/g。此外,所合成材料中MoO3的分散性很好,在无有机萃取剂的作用下对DBT有良好的氧化脱硫效果。在温度为60℃、O/S摩尔比为2.5的条件下,30min内DBT氧化脱除率为98.4%。
With increasing environmental pollution, the reduction of the sulfur content in diesel oil becomes an urgent requirement. Sulfur in transportation fuels is a major source of air pollution from automobiles, and the increasingly stringent fuel specifications worldwide also require reducing the sulfur content to a low level. The conventional process for the removal of most sulfur compounds in industry is known as hydrodesulfurization (HDS), which is highly efficient in removing aliphatic and acyclic sulfur-containing compounds, but less effective for aromatic organosulfur compounds such as dibenzothiophene (DBT), benzothiophene (BT). Therefore, alternative deep desulfurization technologies have attracted worldwide attention. Deep desulfurization of organic sulfur compounds in diesel under mild conditions has always been a rather significant subject in the past decades, especially oxidative desulfurization process with hydrogen peroxide.In this paper, a series of POM-based materials were synthesized and employed in the oxidative desulfurization process. These resulting materials were characterized by XRD, IR, Raman, SEM, TEM, BET, DRS and catalytic activity test, and the relationship between the structure of materials and the catalytic activities were also discussed in detail.
POM-based hybrid materials HPW-CeO2have been synthesized and characterized by XRD, TG-DSC, SEM, Raman, IR, DRS, and BET analysis. Combined with [C8mim]BF4, the catalyst was very efficient on the removal of DBT by using H2O2as the oxidant under mild Reaction conditionss, which could reach a sulfur removal of99.4%. The amount of catalyst, O/S molar ratio, reaction time and temperature were evaluated in detail, and the favorable operating condition was obtained as well as the kinetic study of substrates. A mechanism was proposed to investigate the oxidation process of DBT.
Mesoporous materials WO3-SiO2with different W contents were prepared from [C16mim]3PW12O40by direct sol-gel method and used in the oxidative desulfurization process. The materials were characterized by XRD, FT-IR, Raman, BET, DRS and SEM. The characterization results reveal that WO3was highly dispersed into silica matrix. The materials possessed high surface area (434-713m2/g), pore volume (0.35-0.50cm3/g), and pore size (2.98-4.00nm). The amount of catalyst, O/S molar ratio, reaction time and temperature on catalytic activity were evaluated in detail. Under the optimal conditions (temperature=60℃, O/S=2.5, time=30min), the desulfurization for of dibenzothiophene could reach100%. These materials were found to be highly active and reusable for oxidative desulfurization of bulky organosulfur compound DBT.
A series of tungsten-containing mesoporous WO3-SiO2have been successfully synthesized using [C16mim]3PW12O40and [C16mim]Br as co-templates by one-pot and dual-template procedure. The mesostructure and local environment of tungsten species were characterized by XRD, XPS, TEM, FT-Raman, FT-IR, DRS, and BET analysis. The materials possessed high surface area (630-930m2/g), pore volume (0.73-1.00cm3/g), and pore size (4.00-5.36nm). These materials presented a high dispersion of tungsten species and excellent catalytic activity on the removal of sulfur compounds without any organic solvents as extractants. The catalytic performance on different sulfur compounds was also investigated in detail. Under the suitable conditions (temperature=60℃O/S=2.5, time=25min), the desulfurization for of dibenzothiophene could reach100%. The absorptive oxidative desulfurization system could be recycled for nine times without significant decrease in activity. According to the GC-MS analysis of the oxidized products, a mechanism was proposed for the absorptive oxidative process of DBT.
Highly ordered mesoporous materials MoO3-SiO2was prepared from [C16mim]3PMo12O40by direct sol-gel method and characterized by XRD, TEM, BET, FT-IR, Raman and DRS. The characterization results revealed that Mo species were introduced into the meso-SiO2framework without effecting its mesoporous structure. These materials exhibited pore volume (0.38-0.44cm3/g) and pore diameter (2.79-4.19nm). The material was found to be highly active and reusable catalyst for oxidative desulfurization (ODS) of organosulfur compounds and desulfurized 99.7%of dibenzothiophene in40min under the mild reaction conditions of temperature=60℃and O/S=2.5.
Mesoporous hybrid materials MoO3-SiO2were synthesized by using [C16mim]Br and [C16mim]3PMo12O40as co-templates coupled with hydrolysis tetraethoxysilane (TEOS). XRD, BET, TEM, DRS, FT-IR and Raman were employed to characterize the mesoporous hybrid materials. These materials exhibited reflections corresponding to a pore volume of0.91-1.31cm3/g, a uniform pore size of3.82-4.86nm and large surface areas of834-932m2/g. These materials presented a high dispersion of Mo species and excellent catalytic activity on the removal of sulfur compounds DBT without any organic solvents as extractants. The desulfurization for of dibenzothiophene could reach98.4%in30min under the reaction conditions of temperature=60℃and O/S=2.5.
引文
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