二色胡枝子提取物对肉仔鸡生产性能、脂类代谢、免疫器官发育及抗氧化性能的影响
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摘要
二色胡枝子(Lespedeza bicolor)是胡枝子属多年生灌木,富含黄酮类、多羟基酚类、生物碱类、三萜类、有机酸类、甾醇类及二苯乙烯类等物质。本文以二色胡枝子为试验材料,研究其提取物中的黄酮类化合物的清除自由基及对肉仔鸡的生长性能、脂类代谢、机体免疫功能及抗氧化作用的影响。本研究分离体抗氧化及肉仔鸡试验两个部分进行,具体研究结果如下:
离体抗氧化作用:采用Fenton反应法、邻苯三酚自氧化法和碘-硫代硫酸钠滴定法测定二色胡枝子黄酮对羟自由基、超氧阴离子的清除作用和抑制猪油、菜油、亚油酸的氧化酸败作用。试验结果表明:二色胡枝子黄酮对羟自由基、超氧阴离子有较强的清除作用,在一定范围内,清除效果随质量浓度升高而加强。当添加的黄酮质量浓度为1.0 mg/mL时,对羟自由基的清除作用最大,可达94.72%;当质量浓度为0.60 mg/mL时,对超氧阴离子的清除作用最大,可达96.43%;二色胡枝子黄酮对猪油、菜油、亚油酸也有极强的抗氧化作用,能够极显著地抑制猪油、菜油过氧化值升高(P<0.01),极显著地抑制亚油酸的氧化(P<0.01),这种效果随着质量浓度的升高而增强。
动物试验部分:选用500只健康1日龄商品代科宝肉仔鸡随机分为10组,每组5个重复。试验期42 d。对照组(CG)饲喂基础日粮,1～3组饲喂基础日粮加二色胡枝子粗提物90、100、110 mg/kg;4～6组饲喂基础日粮加二色胡枝子乙酸乙酯萃取物60、70、80 mg/kg;7～9组饲喂基础日粮加二色胡枝子正丁醇萃取物60、70、80 mg/kg。试验结果表明:与对照组相比,(1)日粮中添加二色胡枝子乙酸乙酯萃取物和正丁醇萃取物能够显著提高肉仔鸡的日增重,显著降低其料肉比(12.24%、8.37%,P<0.05);(2)添加二色胡枝子提取物对肉仔鸡的屠宰性能没有影响(P﹥0.05);(3)添加二色胡枝子乙酸乙酯萃取物和正丁醇萃取物对肉仔鸡的脂类代谢有一定的调节作用;(4)添加乙酸乙酯萃取物和正丁醇萃取物能够显著增加肉仔鸡的胸腺指数和法氏囊指数(P<0.05),其中添加80mg/kg正丁醇萃取物对肉仔鸡6周龄胸腺指数和法氏囊指数分别提高了31.09%和37.61%;(5)日粮中添加70,80 mg/kg乙酸乙酯萃取物、80mg/kg正丁醇萃取物可显著增强肉仔鸡血清总超氧化物歧化酶(T-SOD)活性(24.81%、24.46%、24.85%,P<0.05),添加二色胡枝子提取物可显著增强肝脏SOD活性(21.72%,P<0.05),添加110 mg/kg粗提物、乙酸乙酯萃取物、80 mg/kg正丁醇萃取物可显著增强肾脏SOD活性(28.08%、22.13%、25.88%、22.64%、27.26%,P<0.05);(6)日粮中添加80 mg/kg乙酸乙酯萃取物、80 mg/kg正丁醇萃取物可显著增强肉仔鸡血清谷胱甘肽还原酶(GR)活性(77.46%、61.34%,P<0.05),添加提取物可显著增强心脏GR活性(84.04%,P<0.05),添加70、80 mg/kg乙酸乙酯萃取物、70 mg/kg正丁醇萃取物可显著增强肾脏GR活性(51.13%、52.88%、51.88%,P<0.05);(7)日粮中添加二色胡枝子提取物可显著降低肉仔鸡血清、心脏、肝脏和肾脏的丙二醛(MDA)含量(32.01%、50.25%、50.90%、41.95%,P<0.05)。
Lespedeza bicolor is a perennial bush of Lespedeza Michx, which rich in flavonoids, polyhydroxy phenol, alkaloid, striterpenes, organic acid, sterol, chrysophenine, et al. The reseach took Lespedeza bicolor as material to study the function of scavenging free radical and performance, lipid metabolism, immune function, antioxidation in flavonoids of broiler chickens. The experiment had two parts: anti-oxidize in vitro and broilers experiment. The results as follow:
Antioxidation in vitro: Used Fenton reaction, pyrogallic autoxidation and I2-Na2S2O3 titration to determine Lespedeza bicolor flavonoids(LBF) scavenging effect on hydroxyl radicals and superoxide anion and inhibition on lard, colleseed oil and linoleic acid. The result showed that LBF has good scavenging effect on hydroxyl radicals and superoxide anion, in a certain scope, the effect as stronger as more mass concentration. When the mass concentration of additional LBF is 1.0 mg/mL, The maximum scavenging rate on hydroxyl radicals is 94.72%; when the mass concentration is 0.60 mg/mL, the maximum scavenging rate on superoxide anion is 96.43%; LBF also has good antioxidation on lard, colleseed oil and linoleic acid. LBF can inhibit lard and collessed to heighten of POV extreme significant different (P<0.01), inhibit oxidation of linoleic acid extreme significant different (P<0.01), the effect as stronger as more mass concentration.
Broilers experiment: A total of 500 1-day healthy Avian broilers of commercial strain were randomly assigned to ten treatment with five replicates. The experimental stage is forty-two days. The control group (CG) were fed basal diet, group 1 to 3 were fed basal diet supplemented with 90,100,110 mg/kg of Lespedeza Bicolor crude extract, group 4 to 6 were fed basal diet supplemented with 60,70,80 mg/kg of ethyl acetate extract, group 7 to 9 were fed basal diet supplemented with 60,70,80 mg/kg of n-butanol extract. The result showed : Compared with control goup, (1) supplemented ethyl acetate extract and n-butanol extract of LBF can significant elevate performance of broilers(12.24%,8.37%,P<0.05); (2) there was no effect on abatage performance with supplementing LBE; (3) supplemented ethyl acetate extract and n-butanol extract of Lespedeza bicolor extract had some adjustment effect, but not significant; (4) supplemented ethyl acetate extract and n-butanol extract of LBF can significant elevate Thoracic index and Bursa index(P<0.05), supplemented 80 mg/kg of n-butanol extract elevate 31.09% and 37.61% of Thoracic index and Bursa index in 6 weeks age broiler chicken; (5) supplemented 70,80 mg/kg of ethyl acetate extract, 80 mg/kg of n-butanol extract can significant enhance T-SOD activity in serum(24.81%,24.46%,24.85%,P<0.05), supplemented LBE significant enhance T-SOD activity in liver(21.72%,P<0.05), supplemented 110 mg/kg of Lespedeza Bicolor crude extract, ethyl acetate extract, 80 mg/kg of n-butanol extract significant enhance T-SOD activity in kidney(28.08%,22.13%,25.88%, 22.64%,27.26%,P<0.05); (6) supplemented 80 mg/kg of ethyl acetate extract,80 mg/kg of n-butanol extract significant enhance GR activity in serum(77.46%,61.34% ,P<0.05), supplemented LBE significant enhance GR activity in heart(84.04%,P<0.05), supplemented 70,80 mg/kg of ethyl acetate extract, 70 mg/kg of n-butanol extract significant enhance GR in kidney(51.13%,52.88%, 51.88%,P<0.05); (7) supplemented LBE significant degrade MDA content in serum, heart, liver, kidney (32.01%,50.25%,50.90%,41.95%,P<0.05).
离体抗氧化作用:采用Fenton反应法、邻苯三酚自氧化法和碘-硫代硫酸钠滴定法测定二色胡枝子黄酮对羟自由基、超氧阴离子的清除作用和抑制猪油、菜油、亚油酸的氧化酸败作用。试验结果表明:二色胡枝子黄酮对羟自由基、超氧阴离子有较强的清除作用,在一定范围内,清除效果随质量浓度升高而加强。当添加的黄酮质量浓度为1.0 mg/mL时,对羟自由基的清除作用最大,可达94.72%;当质量浓度为0.60 mg/mL时,对超氧阴离子的清除作用最大,可达96.43%;二色胡枝子黄酮对猪油、菜油、亚油酸也有极强的抗氧化作用,能够极显著地抑制猪油、菜油过氧化值升高(P<0.01),极显著地抑制亚油酸的氧化(P<0.01),这种效果随着质量浓度的升高而增强。
动物试验部分:选用500只健康1日龄商品代科宝肉仔鸡随机分为10组,每组5个重复。试验期42 d。对照组(CG)饲喂基础日粮,1～3组饲喂基础日粮加二色胡枝子粗提物90、100、110 mg/kg;4～6组饲喂基础日粮加二色胡枝子乙酸乙酯萃取物60、70、80 mg/kg;7～9组饲喂基础日粮加二色胡枝子正丁醇萃取物60、70、80 mg/kg。试验结果表明:与对照组相比,(1)日粮中添加二色胡枝子乙酸乙酯萃取物和正丁醇萃取物能够显著提高肉仔鸡的日增重,显著降低其料肉比(12.24%、8.37%,P<0.05);(2)添加二色胡枝子提取物对肉仔鸡的屠宰性能没有影响(P﹥0.05);(3)添加二色胡枝子乙酸乙酯萃取物和正丁醇萃取物对肉仔鸡的脂类代谢有一定的调节作用;(4)添加乙酸乙酯萃取物和正丁醇萃取物能够显著增加肉仔鸡的胸腺指数和法氏囊指数(P<0.05),其中添加80mg/kg正丁醇萃取物对肉仔鸡6周龄胸腺指数和法氏囊指数分别提高了31.09%和37.61%;(5)日粮中添加70,80 mg/kg乙酸乙酯萃取物、80mg/kg正丁醇萃取物可显著增强肉仔鸡血清总超氧化物歧化酶(T-SOD)活性(24.81%、24.46%、24.85%,P<0.05),添加二色胡枝子提取物可显著增强肝脏SOD活性(21.72%,P<0.05),添加110 mg/kg粗提物、乙酸乙酯萃取物、80 mg/kg正丁醇萃取物可显著增强肾脏SOD活性(28.08%、22.13%、25.88%、22.64%、27.26%,P<0.05);(6)日粮中添加80 mg/kg乙酸乙酯萃取物、80 mg/kg正丁醇萃取物可显著增强肉仔鸡血清谷胱甘肽还原酶(GR)活性(77.46%、61.34%,P<0.05),添加提取物可显著增强心脏GR活性(84.04%,P<0.05),添加70、80 mg/kg乙酸乙酯萃取物、70 mg/kg正丁醇萃取物可显著增强肾脏GR活性(51.13%、52.88%、51.88%,P<0.05);(7)日粮中添加二色胡枝子提取物可显著降低肉仔鸡血清、心脏、肝脏和肾脏的丙二醛(MDA)含量(32.01%、50.25%、50.90%、41.95%,P<0.05)。
Lespedeza bicolor is a perennial bush of Lespedeza Michx, which rich in flavonoids, polyhydroxy phenol, alkaloid, striterpenes, organic acid, sterol, chrysophenine, et al. The reseach took Lespedeza bicolor as material to study the function of scavenging free radical and performance, lipid metabolism, immune function, antioxidation in flavonoids of broiler chickens. The experiment had two parts: anti-oxidize in vitro and broilers experiment. The results as follow:
Antioxidation in vitro: Used Fenton reaction, pyrogallic autoxidation and I2-Na2S2O3 titration to determine Lespedeza bicolor flavonoids(LBF) scavenging effect on hydroxyl radicals and superoxide anion and inhibition on lard, colleseed oil and linoleic acid. The result showed that LBF has good scavenging effect on hydroxyl radicals and superoxide anion, in a certain scope, the effect as stronger as more mass concentration. When the mass concentration of additional LBF is 1.0 mg/mL, The maximum scavenging rate on hydroxyl radicals is 94.72%; when the mass concentration is 0.60 mg/mL, the maximum scavenging rate on superoxide anion is 96.43%; LBF also has good antioxidation on lard, colleseed oil and linoleic acid. LBF can inhibit lard and collessed to heighten of POV extreme significant different (P<0.01), inhibit oxidation of linoleic acid extreme significant different (P<0.01), the effect as stronger as more mass concentration.
Broilers experiment: A total of 500 1-day healthy Avian broilers of commercial strain were randomly assigned to ten treatment with five replicates. The experimental stage is forty-two days. The control group (CG) were fed basal diet, group 1 to 3 were fed basal diet supplemented with 90,100,110 mg/kg of Lespedeza Bicolor crude extract, group 4 to 6 were fed basal diet supplemented with 60,70,80 mg/kg of ethyl acetate extract, group 7 to 9 were fed basal diet supplemented with 60,70,80 mg/kg of n-butanol extract. The result showed : Compared with control goup, (1) supplemented ethyl acetate extract and n-butanol extract of LBF can significant elevate performance of broilers(12.24%,8.37%,P<0.05); (2) there was no effect on abatage performance with supplementing LBE; (3) supplemented ethyl acetate extract and n-butanol extract of Lespedeza bicolor extract had some adjustment effect, but not significant; (4) supplemented ethyl acetate extract and n-butanol extract of LBF can significant elevate Thoracic index and Bursa index(P<0.05), supplemented 80 mg/kg of n-butanol extract elevate 31.09% and 37.61% of Thoracic index and Bursa index in 6 weeks age broiler chicken; (5) supplemented 70,80 mg/kg of ethyl acetate extract, 80 mg/kg of n-butanol extract can significant enhance T-SOD activity in serum(24.81%,24.46%,24.85%,P<0.05), supplemented LBE significant enhance T-SOD activity in liver(21.72%,P<0.05), supplemented 110 mg/kg of Lespedeza Bicolor crude extract, ethyl acetate extract, 80 mg/kg of n-butanol extract significant enhance T-SOD activity in kidney(28.08%,22.13%,25.88%, 22.64%,27.26%,P<0.05); (6) supplemented 80 mg/kg of ethyl acetate extract,80 mg/kg of n-butanol extract significant enhance GR activity in serum(77.46%,61.34% ,P<0.05), supplemented LBE significant enhance GR activity in heart(84.04%,P<0.05), supplemented 70,80 mg/kg of ethyl acetate extract, 70 mg/kg of n-butanol extract significant enhance GR in kidney(51.13%,52.88%, 51.88%,P<0.05); (7) supplemented LBE significant degrade MDA content in serum, heart, liver, kidney (32.01%,50.25%,50.90%,41.95%,P<0.05).
引文
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