准噶尔盆地乌夏地区深层目标预测与评价方法研究
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摘要
目前,深层油气勘探越来越受到重视,正在逐步成为油气勘探、开发的新热点。深层地震资料与中浅层资料相比存在能量弱、频率低、有效带宽窄、信噪比低、可描述性差等一系列问题,给深层地震资料构造解释、储层预测等带来很大困难。
本文以乌夏地区深层为主要研究目标,以提高油气勘探开发效率为主要目的。针对实际工作中遇到的困难,研究中采用综合层位标定、相干体技术、三维可视化技术、变速成图技术相结合对深层地震资料进行构造精细解释;在传统的“相面法”识别地震相的基础上,利用Kohonen神经网络方法对乌夏地区深层进行定量地震相的划分,并将地震相转换为沉积相;采用模型正演的方法对地震属性的适应性进行分析;综合相干体分析技术、对裂缝敏感的沿层构造属性(倾角/方位角分析,边缘检测等)、吸收系数分析预测乌夏地区深层的裂缝发育带;将地震属性分析与储层参数平面分布预测方法相结合预测深层储层参数(孔隙度、渗透率、砂砾岩百分含量);采用基于储层特征曲线重构反演的方法预测乌夏地区深层火山岩储层厚度及平面分布;研究采用径向基函数神经网络(RBF)与储层特征曲线重构反演相结合的方法预测火山岩储层孔隙度;在上述分析的基础上,综合研究区地质-地球物理特点对乌夏地区深层目标进行综合评价,并提供井位部署建议,为研究区深层目标的进一步勘探奠定了基础。
通过上述研究,总结出了一套适合乌夏地区深层目标预测与评价的综合地球物理方法,并在实际生产中取得了很好的应用效果。
At present, people pay more and more attention to the exploration of deep layers, and deep exploration has been to the new hotspot of oil and gas exploration and development. Deep seismic data has more problems than shallow and middle layers, for example: weaker energy, lower frequency, narrower effective bandwidth, lower signal-to-noise, harder description, and so on. It has take lots of difficulties to structure interpretation and the seismic reservoir prediction in deep seismic data.
The paper aims at the deep layers of Wu-Xia zone. Its target is to enhance the efficiency of oil and gas exploration and development. Aiming at the difficulties facing in practice, we take the following method researching in the subtle structure interpretation: integrate horizon calibration, the technique of seismic coherence cube, 3-D seismic volume visualization method, the technology of variable-velocity mapping, and so on. Basing on the method of traditional“physiognomy”, we use the technology of Kohonen neural networks to identify the seismic facies of deep layers in Wu-Xia zone and transfer the seismic facies into sedimentary facies through seismic interpretation. The applicability of seismic attributes have been analyzed by using forward model. The fracture development zones have been predicted by integrating the technique of seismic coherence cube and structural attribute analysis along horizon (the analysis of dip/azimuth,edge detection, and so on) and the analysis of absorption coefficient. The reservoir parameters (porosity, permeability, the percentage of sandstones) in the deep layers have been predicted by integrating the technique of the analysis of seismic attributes and the method of predicting seismic reservoir parameters. We take the method of the log rebuilding of the log constrained inversion to predict the thickness and the transverse range of deep volcanic rocks in Wu-Xia zone. The porosity of volcanic rocks has been predicted by integrating the method of Radial Basis Function Neural Network and the log rebuilding of the log constrained inversion. Basing on the analysis above, integrating the geologic and geophysical characteristic of researchful zones, we have a good comprehensive evaluation of deep targets in Wu-Xia zones. We give advice of well deployment, which builds the foundation of the thorough research of deep targets in this area in the next stage.
Basing on the researching above, we summarize a series of geophysical methods which adapt to the prediction and evaluation of deep target in Wu-Xia zones. The methods have been proved to gain better results.
本文以乌夏地区深层为主要研究目标,以提高油气勘探开发效率为主要目的。针对实际工作中遇到的困难,研究中采用综合层位标定、相干体技术、三维可视化技术、变速成图技术相结合对深层地震资料进行构造精细解释;在传统的“相面法”识别地震相的基础上,利用Kohonen神经网络方法对乌夏地区深层进行定量地震相的划分,并将地震相转换为沉积相;采用模型正演的方法对地震属性的适应性进行分析;综合相干体分析技术、对裂缝敏感的沿层构造属性(倾角/方位角分析,边缘检测等)、吸收系数分析预测乌夏地区深层的裂缝发育带;将地震属性分析与储层参数平面分布预测方法相结合预测深层储层参数(孔隙度、渗透率、砂砾岩百分含量);采用基于储层特征曲线重构反演的方法预测乌夏地区深层火山岩储层厚度及平面分布;研究采用径向基函数神经网络(RBF)与储层特征曲线重构反演相结合的方法预测火山岩储层孔隙度;在上述分析的基础上,综合研究区地质-地球物理特点对乌夏地区深层目标进行综合评价,并提供井位部署建议,为研究区深层目标的进一步勘探奠定了基础。
通过上述研究,总结出了一套适合乌夏地区深层目标预测与评价的综合地球物理方法,并在实际生产中取得了很好的应用效果。
At present, people pay more and more attention to the exploration of deep layers, and deep exploration has been to the new hotspot of oil and gas exploration and development. Deep seismic data has more problems than shallow and middle layers, for example: weaker energy, lower frequency, narrower effective bandwidth, lower signal-to-noise, harder description, and so on. It has take lots of difficulties to structure interpretation and the seismic reservoir prediction in deep seismic data.
The paper aims at the deep layers of Wu-Xia zone. Its target is to enhance the efficiency of oil and gas exploration and development. Aiming at the difficulties facing in practice, we take the following method researching in the subtle structure interpretation: integrate horizon calibration, the technique of seismic coherence cube, 3-D seismic volume visualization method, the technology of variable-velocity mapping, and so on. Basing on the method of traditional“physiognomy”, we use the technology of Kohonen neural networks to identify the seismic facies of deep layers in Wu-Xia zone and transfer the seismic facies into sedimentary facies through seismic interpretation. The applicability of seismic attributes have been analyzed by using forward model. The fracture development zones have been predicted by integrating the technique of seismic coherence cube and structural attribute analysis along horizon (the analysis of dip/azimuth,edge detection, and so on) and the analysis of absorption coefficient. The reservoir parameters (porosity, permeability, the percentage of sandstones) in the deep layers have been predicted by integrating the technique of the analysis of seismic attributes and the method of predicting seismic reservoir parameters. We take the method of the log rebuilding of the log constrained inversion to predict the thickness and the transverse range of deep volcanic rocks in Wu-Xia zone. The porosity of volcanic rocks has been predicted by integrating the method of Radial Basis Function Neural Network and the log rebuilding of the log constrained inversion. Basing on the analysis above, integrating the geologic and geophysical characteristic of researchful zones, we have a good comprehensive evaluation of deep targets in Wu-Xia zones. We give advice of well deployment, which builds the foundation of the thorough research of deep targets in this area in the next stage.
Basing on the researching above, we summarize a series of geophysical methods which adapt to the prediction and evaluation of deep target in Wu-Xia zones. The methods have been proved to gain better results.
引文
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