微生物源性植酸酶若干技术参数与在鸡饲粮中应用效果的研究
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摘要
通过体内、外试验,较系统地研究了微生物源性植酸酶的若干技术参数及其对鸡饲粮养分消化率、血液生化参数和生产性能等的影响。
经体外消化(温度37℃,pH为5～6,时间6h)试验测定,用植酸酶制剂作催化剂,米糠中植酸磷的消化率为60.3%,表明植酸酶制剂对植酸磷有较强的消化作用。体外系列消化试验结果证明:该植酸酶制剂作用的最适时间为10h、最适pH为3。
体内试验包括体内消化试验和动物饲养试验。体内消化试验的方法是:选取18只健康的、体重相近、日龄相同的生长期地方品种麻黄蛋鸡,将其分为对照组、试验1组和试验2组,每组6只,每组分3个重复,每个重复2只鸡被置于同一笼中。三组鸡试验处理如下:用基础饲粮(按我国鸡的现行饲养标准配制)喂对照组鸡;在基础饲粮中加0.1%植酸酶制剂后,喂试验1组鸡;在基础饲粮中加入0.1%植酸酶制剂,再加入37℃温水拌成糜状,在37℃下处理12h,然后在40℃下烘干(注:基础饲粮中1%预混料待植酸酶制剂体外处理后再加),用经过这种处理的饲粮喂试验2组鸡。在试验过程中,观察试验鸡的健康状况、测定饲粮养分消化率、鸡血液生化参数、生长性能和料重比等指标。
体内消化试验结果如下:(1)试验2组鸡对饲粮钙、磷、粗蛋白的消化率均显著地高于对照组(p＜0.05);试验2组鸡对饲粮钙、磷、粗蛋白的消化率也比试验1组高,但差异不显著(p＞0.05);试验1组鸡对饲粮钙的消化率显著地高于对照组(p＜0.05);试验1组鸡对粗蛋白、磷的消化率虽高于对照组,但差异不显著(p＞0.05);试验1组和2组鸡对饲粮粗灰分、干物质、粗脂肪的消化率比对照组高,但差异不显著(p＞0.05)。(2)试验1和2组鸡血清GOT活性均低于对照组,但只有试验2组与对照组有显著性差异(p＜0.05);试验1和2组鸡血清GPT活性虽均低于对照组,但差异不显著(p＞0.05);试验1和2组鸡血清磷含量均高于对照组,但只有试验2组与对照组有显著差异(p＜0.05);试验1和2组鸡血清钙含量均低于对照组,且试验2组与对照组之间差异极显著(p＜0.01),试验1和2组之间差异显著(p＜0.05);试验1和2组鸡血清总蛋白含量高于对照组,且试验2组与对照组之间差异极显著(p＜0.01),试验1和2组之间差异显著(p＜0.05)。(3)三组鸡增重无显著差异(p＞0.05)。根据体内消化试验结果可推断:用植酸酶制剂处理饲粮,可显著提高鸡对饲粮养分的消化率,进而能改善鸡的营养和健康状况。
饲养试验的方法是:选取200只健康的、体重相近、日龄相同的生长期麻黄蛋鸡,将其分为四组,即试验1、2、3和4组,每组5个重复,每个重复10只鸡。四组鸡试验处理如下:在基础饲粮中,加2%小麦麸、0.1%植酸酶制剂后,喂试验1组鸡;在基础饲粮中,加0.6%CaHPO_4、1.4%小麦麸、0.1%植酸酶制剂后,喂试验2组鸡;在基础饲粮中,加1.3%CaHPO_4、0.7%小麦麸、0.1%植酸酶制剂后,喂试验3组鸡;在基础饲粮中,加2%CaHPO_4后,喂试验4组鸡。正式饲养试验期为42天(2006年3月30日～2006年5月10日)。在整个试验过程中,观察试验鸡的健康状况,测定其生长性能、料重比、不同周龄鸡对饲粮养分消化率、血液生化参数等指标。
饲养试验的结果如下:(1)试验1、2和3组鸡增重均高于试验4组鸡,但差异不显著(p＞0.05);试验2和3组鸡的料重比低于试验1和4组鸡,但也无显著差异(p＞0.05)。(2)试验2和3组鸡血清GPT活性显著地低于试验1组(p＜0.05),且均略低于试验4组(p＞0.05);试验2和3组鸡血清GOT活性比试验1和4两个组低,试验4组比试验1组低,且四个组之间均有显著性差异(p＜0.05);试验2组鸡血清总蛋白含量极显著地高于试验1和4组(p＜0.01),试验3组鸡极显著地高于试验1组(p＜0.01),试验4组显著地高于试验1组(p＜0.05);试验2、3和4组鸡血清磷均高于试验1组,但只有试验2和3组与试验1组有显著差异(p＜0.05);试验1、2和3组鸡血清钙均低于试验4组,其中试验3组与试验1、4两组差异极显著(p＜0.01),与试验2组差异显著(p＜0.05),试验4组与试验1组差异不显著(p＞0.05)。(3)鸡在同一周龄内,试验处理对饲粮干物质、粗脂肪、粗灰分、钙、磷的消化率有显著的影响(p＜0.05),但对粗蛋白、粗纤维的消化率无显著的影响(p＞0.05)。周龄之间比较,各组鸡在16和18周龄对饲粮粗灰分的消化率都显著地高于20周龄时的消化率(p＜0.05),但16和18周龄间无显著差异;三个周龄段鸡对饲粮磷的消化率都有显著差异(p＜0.05);16周龄鸡对饲粮粗脂肪的消化率显著地高于18和20周龄鸡的消化率(p＜0.05);各组鸡在三个不同周龄段对饲粮干物质、粗蛋白、粗纤维、钙的消化率无显著差异(p＞0.05)。根据饲养试验结果可推断:鸡周龄越小,植酸酶制剂的应用效果越好;植酸酶制剂能节省无机磷的添加量,从而一方面节约磷资源,另一方面减少磷对环境的污染。
The several technological parameters of microbial phytase and its effects on the digestible coefficients of nutrient in diet,serum biochemical parameters and productive performance of chickens were studied in vivo and in vitro.
The in vitro digestion experimental results showed that the digestibility of phosphorus phytate in rice bran was 60.3%by usage of the microbial phytase (temperature 37℃,pH 5～6,time 6h),thus suggesting the power of phytase to liberate phosphorus phytate was stronger.The in vitro series experiments indicated that the optimal time length of phytase action on phosphorus phytate was 10h,the optimal pH was 3.
In vivo experiments included in vivo digestion experiment and the animal feeding trial.18 healthy,the same age,similar body weight layers in growth period were divided into 3 groups randomly in vivo digestion experiment,each group haing three repetitions,each repetition 3 layers.The control group layers were fed to basic diet; the experimental groupl layers were fed to basic diet supplemented 0.1%phytase; the experimental group 2 layers were fed fed to basic diet pre-treated by phytase (0.1%).In vivo digestion experimental results were as follow:(1)The digestible coefficients of Ca,P,CP in group2 diet were significantly higher than the control group(p＜0.05);the digestible coefficients of Ca,P,CP in group 2 were higher than groupl,but there were no significant differences(p＞0.05);the digestible coefficient of Ca in groupl was significantly higher than the control group(p＜0.05),the digestible coefficients of CP and P in groupl were higher than the control group,but there were no significant differences(p＞0.05);the digestible coefficients of EE,ash and DM in groupl and 2 were higher than the control group,but there were no significant differences.(2)The GOT activities in serum of group1 and 2 layers were lower than the control group,but only having significant difference(p＜0.05)between group2 and control group;the GPT activities in serum of the groupl and 2 were lower than the control group,but there were no significant differences(p＞0.05)among those;the P concentrations in serum ofgroupl and 2 were higher than the control group,and there were significant differences between the group2 and the control group(p＜0.05);the Ca concentrations in serum of groupl and 2 were lower than the control group,and there were highly significant differences between the group2 and the control group(p＜0.01);TP levels in serum of group1 and 2 were higher than the control group,and there were highly significant differences between the group2 and the control group(p＜0.01).(3)There were no significant differences in weight gain among all groups(p＞0.05).Based on those results the conclusion was made:phytase has good effects on the health and metabolism of chickens,increasng digestible coefficients of nutrients.
200 healthy,the same age,similar body weight layers in growth period were divided into 4 groups randomly in animal feeding experiment,each group having 5 repetitions and each repetition 10 layers.The group1 layers were fed the basic diet supplemented 2%wheat bran and 0.1%phytase;the group2 layers were fed the diet supplemented 0.6%CaHPO_4,1.4%wheat bran and 0.1%phytase;the group3 layers were fed the basic diet supplemented 1.3%CaHPO_4,0.7%wheat bran and 0.1% phytase;the group4 were fed the diet supplemented 2%CaHPO_4.The formal feeding experiment lasted 42days(from Mar.30,2006 to May.10,2006).
The feeding experimental results were as follow:(1)The weight gain of the groupl,2 and 3 was higher than group4,but there were no significant differences(p＞0.05)among all groups;the FCR of group2 and 3 were lower than groupl and 4,but there were also no significant differences(p＞0.05).(2)The GPT activities in serum of the group2 and 3 layers were markedly lower than group 1(p＜0.05),and were all lower than group 4;the GOT activities in serum of the group 2 and 3 were lower than groupl and 4,and there were significant differences among all groups(p＜0.05);the TP levels in serum of group 2 was highly markedly higher than group 1 and 4(p＜0.01),group3 was highly markedly higher than group1(p＜0.01); the P concentrations in serum of group 2,3 and 4 were higher than groupl,but only had significant differences(p＜0.05)between group 2,3 and groupl;the Ca concentrations in serum of group1,2 and 3 were lower than group 4,group 3 was highly markedly lower than groupl and 4(p＜0.01),markedly lower than group 2(p＜0.05).(3)At the same weekage,the digestible coefficients of DM,EE,ash, Ca,P had significant differences(p＜0.05)among all groups,but the digestible coefficients of CP,CF had no significant differences(p＞0.05);the digestible coefficients of ash of all group layers at the weekage of 16 and 18 were markedly higher than those at 20 weekage(p＜0.05);there were significant differences of the digestible coefficients of P among the three weekage stage(p＜0.05);the digestible coefficient of EE at 16 weekage was markedly higher than those at 18 and 20 weekage(p＜0.05);the digestible coefficients of DM,CP,CF,Ca at different weekage stage had no significant differences(p＞0.05).According to those results the conclusion was made:the more younger chickens are,the better effects of phytase are;phytase can save the usage amount of inganic phosphorous,can also reduce environmental pollution of phosphorous.
经体外消化(温度37℃,pH为5～6,时间6h)试验测定,用植酸酶制剂作催化剂,米糠中植酸磷的消化率为60.3%,表明植酸酶制剂对植酸磷有较强的消化作用。体外系列消化试验结果证明:该植酸酶制剂作用的最适时间为10h、最适pH为3。
体内试验包括体内消化试验和动物饲养试验。体内消化试验的方法是:选取18只健康的、体重相近、日龄相同的生长期地方品种麻黄蛋鸡,将其分为对照组、试验1组和试验2组,每组6只,每组分3个重复,每个重复2只鸡被置于同一笼中。三组鸡试验处理如下:用基础饲粮(按我国鸡的现行饲养标准配制)喂对照组鸡;在基础饲粮中加0.1%植酸酶制剂后,喂试验1组鸡;在基础饲粮中加入0.1%植酸酶制剂,再加入37℃温水拌成糜状,在37℃下处理12h,然后在40℃下烘干(注:基础饲粮中1%预混料待植酸酶制剂体外处理后再加),用经过这种处理的饲粮喂试验2组鸡。在试验过程中,观察试验鸡的健康状况、测定饲粮养分消化率、鸡血液生化参数、生长性能和料重比等指标。
体内消化试验结果如下:(1)试验2组鸡对饲粮钙、磷、粗蛋白的消化率均显著地高于对照组(p＜0.05);试验2组鸡对饲粮钙、磷、粗蛋白的消化率也比试验1组高,但差异不显著(p＞0.05);试验1组鸡对饲粮钙的消化率显著地高于对照组(p＜0.05);试验1组鸡对粗蛋白、磷的消化率虽高于对照组,但差异不显著(p＞0.05);试验1组和2组鸡对饲粮粗灰分、干物质、粗脂肪的消化率比对照组高,但差异不显著(p＞0.05)。(2)试验1和2组鸡血清GOT活性均低于对照组,但只有试验2组与对照组有显著性差异(p＜0.05);试验1和2组鸡血清GPT活性虽均低于对照组,但差异不显著(p＞0.05);试验1和2组鸡血清磷含量均高于对照组,但只有试验2组与对照组有显著差异(p＜0.05);试验1和2组鸡血清钙含量均低于对照组,且试验2组与对照组之间差异极显著(p＜0.01),试验1和2组之间差异显著(p＜0.05);试验1和2组鸡血清总蛋白含量高于对照组,且试验2组与对照组之间差异极显著(p＜0.01),试验1和2组之间差异显著(p＜0.05)。(3)三组鸡增重无显著差异(p＞0.05)。根据体内消化试验结果可推断:用植酸酶制剂处理饲粮,可显著提高鸡对饲粮养分的消化率,进而能改善鸡的营养和健康状况。
饲养试验的方法是:选取200只健康的、体重相近、日龄相同的生长期麻黄蛋鸡,将其分为四组,即试验1、2、3和4组,每组5个重复,每个重复10只鸡。四组鸡试验处理如下:在基础饲粮中,加2%小麦麸、0.1%植酸酶制剂后,喂试验1组鸡;在基础饲粮中,加0.6%CaHPO_4、1.4%小麦麸、0.1%植酸酶制剂后,喂试验2组鸡;在基础饲粮中,加1.3%CaHPO_4、0.7%小麦麸、0.1%植酸酶制剂后,喂试验3组鸡;在基础饲粮中,加2%CaHPO_4后,喂试验4组鸡。正式饲养试验期为42天(2006年3月30日～2006年5月10日)。在整个试验过程中,观察试验鸡的健康状况,测定其生长性能、料重比、不同周龄鸡对饲粮养分消化率、血液生化参数等指标。
饲养试验的结果如下:(1)试验1、2和3组鸡增重均高于试验4组鸡,但差异不显著(p＞0.05);试验2和3组鸡的料重比低于试验1和4组鸡,但也无显著差异(p＞0.05)。(2)试验2和3组鸡血清GPT活性显著地低于试验1组(p＜0.05),且均略低于试验4组(p＞0.05);试验2和3组鸡血清GOT活性比试验1和4两个组低,试验4组比试验1组低,且四个组之间均有显著性差异(p＜0.05);试验2组鸡血清总蛋白含量极显著地高于试验1和4组(p＜0.01),试验3组鸡极显著地高于试验1组(p＜0.01),试验4组显著地高于试验1组(p＜0.05);试验2、3和4组鸡血清磷均高于试验1组,但只有试验2和3组与试验1组有显著差异(p＜0.05);试验1、2和3组鸡血清钙均低于试验4组,其中试验3组与试验1、4两组差异极显著(p＜0.01),与试验2组差异显著(p＜0.05),试验4组与试验1组差异不显著(p＞0.05)。(3)鸡在同一周龄内,试验处理对饲粮干物质、粗脂肪、粗灰分、钙、磷的消化率有显著的影响(p＜0.05),但对粗蛋白、粗纤维的消化率无显著的影响(p＞0.05)。周龄之间比较,各组鸡在16和18周龄对饲粮粗灰分的消化率都显著地高于20周龄时的消化率(p＜0.05),但16和18周龄间无显著差异;三个周龄段鸡对饲粮磷的消化率都有显著差异(p＜0.05);16周龄鸡对饲粮粗脂肪的消化率显著地高于18和20周龄鸡的消化率(p＜0.05);各组鸡在三个不同周龄段对饲粮干物质、粗蛋白、粗纤维、钙的消化率无显著差异(p＞0.05)。根据饲养试验结果可推断:鸡周龄越小,植酸酶制剂的应用效果越好;植酸酶制剂能节省无机磷的添加量,从而一方面节约磷资源,另一方面减少磷对环境的污染。
The several technological parameters of microbial phytase and its effects on the digestible coefficients of nutrient in diet,serum biochemical parameters and productive performance of chickens were studied in vivo and in vitro.
The in vitro digestion experimental results showed that the digestibility of phosphorus phytate in rice bran was 60.3%by usage of the microbial phytase (temperature 37℃,pH 5～6,time 6h),thus suggesting the power of phytase to liberate phosphorus phytate was stronger.The in vitro series experiments indicated that the optimal time length of phytase action on phosphorus phytate was 10h,the optimal pH was 3.
In vivo experiments included in vivo digestion experiment and the animal feeding trial.18 healthy,the same age,similar body weight layers in growth period were divided into 3 groups randomly in vivo digestion experiment,each group haing three repetitions,each repetition 3 layers.The control group layers were fed to basic diet; the experimental groupl layers were fed to basic diet supplemented 0.1%phytase; the experimental group 2 layers were fed fed to basic diet pre-treated by phytase (0.1%).In vivo digestion experimental results were as follow:(1)The digestible coefficients of Ca,P,CP in group2 diet were significantly higher than the control group(p＜0.05);the digestible coefficients of Ca,P,CP in group 2 were higher than groupl,but there were no significant differences(p＞0.05);the digestible coefficient of Ca in groupl was significantly higher than the control group(p＜0.05),the digestible coefficients of CP and P in groupl were higher than the control group,but there were no significant differences(p＞0.05);the digestible coefficients of EE,ash and DM in groupl and 2 were higher than the control group,but there were no significant differences.(2)The GOT activities in serum of group1 and 2 layers were lower than the control group,but only having significant difference(p＜0.05)between group2 and control group;the GPT activities in serum of the groupl and 2 were lower than the control group,but there were no significant differences(p＞0.05)among those;the P concentrations in serum ofgroupl and 2 were higher than the control group,and there were significant differences between the group2 and the control group(p＜0.05);the Ca concentrations in serum of groupl and 2 were lower than the control group,and there were highly significant differences between the group2 and the control group(p＜0.01);TP levels in serum of group1 and 2 were higher than the control group,and there were highly significant differences between the group2 and the control group(p＜0.01).(3)There were no significant differences in weight gain among all groups(p＞0.05).Based on those results the conclusion was made:phytase has good effects on the health and metabolism of chickens,increasng digestible coefficients of nutrients.
200 healthy,the same age,similar body weight layers in growth period were divided into 4 groups randomly in animal feeding experiment,each group having 5 repetitions and each repetition 10 layers.The group1 layers were fed the basic diet supplemented 2%wheat bran and 0.1%phytase;the group2 layers were fed the diet supplemented 0.6%CaHPO_4,1.4%wheat bran and 0.1%phytase;the group3 layers were fed the basic diet supplemented 1.3%CaHPO_4,0.7%wheat bran and 0.1% phytase;the group4 were fed the diet supplemented 2%CaHPO_4.The formal feeding experiment lasted 42days(from Mar.30,2006 to May.10,2006).
The feeding experimental results were as follow:(1)The weight gain of the groupl,2 and 3 was higher than group4,but there were no significant differences(p＞0.05)among all groups;the FCR of group2 and 3 were lower than groupl and 4,but there were also no significant differences(p＞0.05).(2)The GPT activities in serum of the group2 and 3 layers were markedly lower than group 1(p＜0.05),and were all lower than group 4;the GOT activities in serum of the group 2 and 3 were lower than groupl and 4,and there were significant differences among all groups(p＜0.05);the TP levels in serum of group 2 was highly markedly higher than group 1 and 4(p＜0.01),group3 was highly markedly higher than group1(p＜0.01); the P concentrations in serum of group 2,3 and 4 were higher than groupl,but only had significant differences(p＜0.05)between group 2,3 and groupl;the Ca concentrations in serum of group1,2 and 3 were lower than group 4,group 3 was highly markedly lower than groupl and 4(p＜0.01),markedly lower than group 2(p＜0.05).(3)At the same weekage,the digestible coefficients of DM,EE,ash, Ca,P had significant differences(p＜0.05)among all groups,but the digestible coefficients of CP,CF had no significant differences(p＞0.05);the digestible coefficients of ash of all group layers at the weekage of 16 and 18 were markedly higher than those at 20 weekage(p＜0.05);there were significant differences of the digestible coefficients of P among the three weekage stage(p＜0.05);the digestible coefficient of EE at 16 weekage was markedly higher than those at 18 and 20 weekage(p＜0.05);the digestible coefficients of DM,CP,CF,Ca at different weekage stage had no significant differences(p＞0.05).According to those results the conclusion was made:the more younger chickens are,the better effects of phytase are;phytase can save the usage amount of inganic phosphorous,can also reduce environmental pollution of phosphorous.
引文
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[16]Qian H,Komegay E T,Denbow D M.Phosphorus equivalence of microbial Phytase in turkey diets as influenced by calcium to phosphorus ratios and phosphorus levels.Poultry Science,1996,75:69-81
[17]Edwards H M.Dietary 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol supplementation increases natural phytate phosphorus utilization in chickens.British Journal of Nutrition,1993,123:567-577
[18] Mitchell R D, Edwards H M. Additive effects of 1,25-dihydroxycholeca- lciferol and phytase on phytate phosphorus utilization and related parameters in broiler chickens. Poultry Science, 1996, 75(1): 111 — 119
[19] Shieh T R, Ware J H. Survey of microorganisms for the production of extracellular phytase. Journal of Applied Microbiology, 1968, 16: 1348—1351
[20] Yi Z, Kornegay E T, Ravindran V, et al. Improving phytate phosphorus availability in corn and soybean meal for broilers using microbial phytase and calculation of phosphorus equivalency values for phytase. Poultry Science, 1996, 75: 240-249
[21] YI Z, Kornegay E T. Sites of phytase activity in the gastrointestinal tract of young pigs. Animal Feed Science Technology . 1996, 61(1—4): 361—368
[22] Komegay E T , Qian H . Effectiveness of natural phytase as influenced by dietary phosphorus for improving the availability of phytate phosphorus in a corn-soybean meal based diet fed to young pigs. Journal of Animal Science , 1994, 71(12): 3368-3375
[23] Sebastian S, Touchbum S P, Chaves E R, et al. The effect of supplemental microbial phytase on performance and utilization of calcium, phosphorus, copperand zinc in broiler chickens fed corn-soybean diets . Poultry Science, 1996, 75: 729-736
[24] Sebastian S, Touchburn S P, et al. Efficacy of supplemental microbial phytase at different dietary calcium levels on growth performance and mineral utilization of broiler chickens. Poultry Science, 1996, 75(12): 1516-1523
[25]Adeola O, Lawrence B V, et al. Phytase-induced changes in mineral utilization in zinc-supplemented diets for pigs. Journal of Animal Science, 1995, 73(11): 3384-3391
[26] Cromwell G I, Stahly T S, Coffey R D, et al. Efficacy of phytase in improving the bioavailability of phosphorus in soybean meal and corn-soybean meal diets for Pigs. Journal of Animal Science, 1993, 71: 1831-1840
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