益生菌、黄芪多糖微胶囊制剂的研制及其对肉鸡生长性能和免疫功能的影响
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摘要
益生菌作为饲料添加剂在生产实际中已被广泛应用,但是添加饲料的制粒温度、压力会对益生菌的活性造成较大损失。而且饲料预混料中的各种高浓度微量元素的存在,同样会对益生菌造成不同程度的伤害。另外益生菌必须通过胃环境以大量的存活菌到达肠道并定居于肠黏膜上才能发挥其生理功能,由于胃酸的杀菌作用,益生菌的活菌数在此过程中也会大幅度下降。很难有足够的活菌数量到达肠道或定植肠道而发挥作用。为提高益生菌的稳定性,保持益生菌中活菌的数量和活力,使之在动物体内能够充分发挥作用。本试验进行了益生菌、黄芪多糖微胶囊制剂的研制,并在肉鸡上进行了饲养试验,观察微胶囊制剂饲喂肉鸡后生长性能和免疫功能的变化,得到了以下结论:
1试验研制的乳酸杆菌、芽胞杆菌和黄芪多糖微胶囊制剂,通过在模拟胃液和模拟肠液中微胶囊体外释放试验,表明用海藻酸钠将乳酸杆菌、芽胞杆菌和黄芪多糖包被制成的微胶囊能使乳酸杆菌、芽胞杆菌通过胃酸(pH为1.2)环境仍有大量的菌体存活。说明微胶囊制剂能很好抵抗酸性环境,可以降低酸性胃液对益生菌的破坏,提高益生菌在肠液中的数量。经过包被后乳酸杆菌、芽胞杆菌和黄芪多糖微胶囊在干燥和保存中菌体存活率明显高于未包被的菌体存活率(P<0.05)。说明益生菌、黄芪多糖微胶囊制剂对干燥有很好的抵抗性,能延长保存期。
2饲喂乳酸杆菌、芽胞杆菌、黄芪多糖、合生元及其乳酸杆菌、芽胞杆菌和黄芪多糖微胶囊制剂能不同程度提高肉鸡生长性能,降低料肉比(P<0.05),明显提高免疫器官指数(P<0.05)。乳酸杆菌、芽胞杆菌和黄芪多糖微胶囊制剂能明显提高血清中总蛋白和α-淀粉酶、胆碱酯酶和乳酸脱氢酶等酶的含量(P<0.05),明显降低血清中葡萄糖的含量(P<0.05)。
3肉鸡饲喂乳酸杆菌、芽胞杆菌和黄芪多糖微胶囊后,肠道黏膜免疫组织盲肠扁桃体和十二指肠派伊尔结的T细胞数量及百分数均不同程度的高于对照组(P<0.05)。说明益生菌对肠道黏膜有促进作用。
以上试验结果表明乳酸杆菌、芽胞杆菌和黄芪多糖微胶囊制剂对肉鸡的生长发育,免疫功能以及肠道黏膜免疫功能的增强都有不同程度的促进作用。从而为益生菌的开发利用提供了科学的依据,具有重要的理论和实践意义。
Probiotics as feed additives has been widely used in the production practice. But the added feed pelleting temperature, probiotics pressure on the activity of a bigger had lossed. Feed premix and the high concentration of trace elements in the presence of probiotics will also caused varying degrees of damage. Probiotics must pass gastric environment to the survival of large intestinal bacteria and can be played their physiological function. The acid bactericidal effect of probiotic Lactobacilli in this process will also be greatly reduced. That have little sufficient quantity of viable intestinal or intestinal colonization. Microcapsule for Probiotics and Astragalus Polysaccharide was manufactured. Their effects on growth performance and immune function of chicks were confirmed. The results demonstrated that: The viable count in the Microcapsule of Bacterium acidi lactici, Spore-Forming, astragalus polysaccharides was obviously super nocoating, and Thalline survived in gastric acid (pH=1.2). Microcapsule M can be very good resistance acidic environment and reduce gastric acidity on the destruction of probiotics. Probiotics increase in the number of intestinal fluid. Microcapsule could elevate the viable counts in exsiccant and depot(P<0.05). Microcapsule can good resistance of dry, and extend the storage period.
Microcapsule coluld singificantly increase Average growth of each week, decrease forage consumption, feed/growth(P<0.05). But it showed that there was no sighficant difference of growth performance between test groups. Immunopotentiation of the Microcapsule were found in the research. The index spleen, bursa of Fabricius, thymus gland of Microcapsule group were significantly higher than the control group (P<0.05)and others groups. Serum total protein andα-amylolytic, Choline esterase, Lactic acid dehydrogenase of test groups were higher(P<0.05)than the control group , but serum glucose was lower(P<0.05).
The number and percentage of T cells of cecal tonsils and duodenum peyer’s patch of intestinal tract mucous membrane tissue were higher than the control group(P<0.05). In a conclusion, Bacterium acidi lactici, Spore-Forming, astragalus polysaccharides after coated could promoted the growth and development, immunologic function, mucous membrane immunity of intestinal tract. And the experiment can provide considerable theory and practice purpose for development and utilization Microcapsule.
1试验研制的乳酸杆菌、芽胞杆菌和黄芪多糖微胶囊制剂,通过在模拟胃液和模拟肠液中微胶囊体外释放试验,表明用海藻酸钠将乳酸杆菌、芽胞杆菌和黄芪多糖包被制成的微胶囊能使乳酸杆菌、芽胞杆菌通过胃酸(pH为1.2)环境仍有大量的菌体存活。说明微胶囊制剂能很好抵抗酸性环境,可以降低酸性胃液对益生菌的破坏,提高益生菌在肠液中的数量。经过包被后乳酸杆菌、芽胞杆菌和黄芪多糖微胶囊在干燥和保存中菌体存活率明显高于未包被的菌体存活率(P<0.05)。说明益生菌、黄芪多糖微胶囊制剂对干燥有很好的抵抗性,能延长保存期。
2饲喂乳酸杆菌、芽胞杆菌、黄芪多糖、合生元及其乳酸杆菌、芽胞杆菌和黄芪多糖微胶囊制剂能不同程度提高肉鸡生长性能,降低料肉比(P<0.05),明显提高免疫器官指数(P<0.05)。乳酸杆菌、芽胞杆菌和黄芪多糖微胶囊制剂能明显提高血清中总蛋白和α-淀粉酶、胆碱酯酶和乳酸脱氢酶等酶的含量(P<0.05),明显降低血清中葡萄糖的含量(P<0.05)。
3肉鸡饲喂乳酸杆菌、芽胞杆菌和黄芪多糖微胶囊后,肠道黏膜免疫组织盲肠扁桃体和十二指肠派伊尔结的T细胞数量及百分数均不同程度的高于对照组(P<0.05)。说明益生菌对肠道黏膜有促进作用。
以上试验结果表明乳酸杆菌、芽胞杆菌和黄芪多糖微胶囊制剂对肉鸡的生长发育,免疫功能以及肠道黏膜免疫功能的增强都有不同程度的促进作用。从而为益生菌的开发利用提供了科学的依据,具有重要的理论和实践意义。
Probiotics as feed additives has been widely used in the production practice. But the added feed pelleting temperature, probiotics pressure on the activity of a bigger had lossed. Feed premix and the high concentration of trace elements in the presence of probiotics will also caused varying degrees of damage. Probiotics must pass gastric environment to the survival of large intestinal bacteria and can be played their physiological function. The acid bactericidal effect of probiotic Lactobacilli in this process will also be greatly reduced. That have little sufficient quantity of viable intestinal or intestinal colonization. Microcapsule for Probiotics and Astragalus Polysaccharide was manufactured. Their effects on growth performance and immune function of chicks were confirmed. The results demonstrated that: The viable count in the Microcapsule of Bacterium acidi lactici, Spore-Forming, astragalus polysaccharides was obviously super nocoating, and Thalline survived in gastric acid (pH=1.2). Microcapsule M can be very good resistance acidic environment and reduce gastric acidity on the destruction of probiotics. Probiotics increase in the number of intestinal fluid. Microcapsule could elevate the viable counts in exsiccant and depot(P<0.05). Microcapsule can good resistance of dry, and extend the storage period.
Microcapsule coluld singificantly increase Average growth of each week, decrease forage consumption, feed/growth(P<0.05). But it showed that there was no sighficant difference of growth performance between test groups. Immunopotentiation of the Microcapsule were found in the research. The index spleen, bursa of Fabricius, thymus gland of Microcapsule group were significantly higher than the control group (P<0.05)and others groups. Serum total protein andα-amylolytic, Choline esterase, Lactic acid dehydrogenase of test groups were higher(P<0.05)than the control group , but serum glucose was lower(P<0.05).
The number and percentage of T cells of cecal tonsils and duodenum peyer’s patch of intestinal tract mucous membrane tissue were higher than the control group(P<0.05). In a conclusion, Bacterium acidi lactici, Spore-Forming, astragalus polysaccharides after coated could promoted the growth and development, immunologic function, mucous membrane immunity of intestinal tract. And the experiment can provide considerable theory and practice purpose for development and utilization Microcapsule.
引文
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