大型袋式除尘器流场的模拟分析与应用
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摘要
随着我国工业建设的迅猛发展,生产设备日趋大型化和大气污染排放标准的日趋严格,大型袋式除尘器也将越来越多的应用到电力、钢铁、水泥等领域,大型袋式除尘器空间流场形态直接影响除尘设备的净化效率及滤袋寿命。
目前,对除尘器内部流场测试比较困难,主要采用计算流体力学CFD软件进行模拟分析。大型袋式除尘器结构复杂,滤袋数量多,模拟过程存在建模、网格划分、计算容量空间与时间等要解决的问题,长期以来,主要采用减少过滤面积、简化滤袋形状或局部模拟等方式简化大型袋式除尘器空问流场的计算,实践证明,模型过于简化不利于真实反映大型袋式除尘器的流场特征。
本课题以工程实际大型袋式除尘器整体建立模型,包括2156条φ160×8000mm滤袋,总过滤面积9500m~2,单台处理风量60万m~3/h,分析大型袋式除尘器内部空间流场特征,并在模型的基础上对袋式除尘器的运行阻力、过滤浓度和清灰周期进行研究。
采用冷态实验法模拟工况环境对平板滤料和圆柱形滤袋在清洁和集尘状态下的阻力特性试验,解决模型中滤袋及其表面粉尘负荷这一边界条件的设定问题,并通过调整渗透率和滤层厚度模拟滤袋表面粉尘负荷大小。同时试验结果表明渗透率不受过滤风速的影响只与滤层厚度有关,而且平板滤料阻力特性测试结果用于圆柱形滤袋边界条件的设定满足工程需要。
流场模拟结果表明:袋底以上空间具有良好的气流组织形式,袋底空间以下则相对紊乱,容易造成高速含尘气流对袋底的冲刷;位于袋室不同位置的滤袋和同一滤袋不同高度的过滤风速差别较大,考虑粉尘负荷的不均匀分布,虽然设计过滤风速lm/min左右,滤袋过滤风速最大值与最小值相差可达10倍以上;花板以下形成局部高压区,一方面造成清灰后袋口以下10～20%处过滤风速偏大,另一方面还会造成花板前后压差测量值偏大。
对袋式除尘器运行阻力、过滤浓度和清灰周期分析得出:袋式除尘器运行阻力与时间的对数关系:ΔP:Kln(t)+B:可在系统允许的前提下,适当延长清灰周期增加除尘器运行阻力的方法代替风阀调节系统风量。并结合袋式除尘实际工程验证了模拟结果的可靠性。
With the rapid development of the industrial construction,the industrial production equipment becomes large-scale and the standards of air pollution emission become increasingly strict.The large-scale bag filters are widely used in electric power,iron and steel and some other industries.But the exhaust concentration and the life of bags are directly affected by the properly flow field.
The movement of flue gas in bag filters is a complex three-dimensional gas-solid multiphase flow,and it's hard to do the actual testing of the internal flow field,so computational fluid dynamics(CFD) software is used.An industrial Large-scale bag filter is of complex structure,and normally contains several thousands of bags. Problems of building models,creating meshes and calculating need to be solved.The simulation is usually done by reducing filtering areas,simplifying the structure of filter bags or just simulating part of the bag filter.And it is proved that over-simplified model would not conducive to reflect the distribution feature of the flow field.
In this paper,the practical large-scale bag filter entire model which composed of 2156φ160×8000mm bags(9500m~2 filtration areas) and the gas volume single filters is 600,000 m~3/h was carried out to do further research on the characteristics of field flow distribution.On the basis of the model,we also research the running resistance of bag filter,cleaning cycle and the concentration of filtration.
In order to set the boundary conditions of the filter bag and the surface of the dust cake,experimenting on the flat and cylindrical bag filter cleaning and dust resistance characteristics under the state testing.And adopt the thickness and permeability of the filtration medium as the simulated load of the size parameters;the results show that the resistant characteristics of flat panel filter for the cylindrical bag boundary conditions meet the project needs;permeability from filtering effects of wind speed only with the filter layer thickness.
The results show that:the velocity at different altitudes vary greatly in the bag room and the same bag in different locations of the filter bag.coupled with the surface of the cake,the size of the uneven distribution of the cake load effect,although the design of filtration velocity is just 1m/min,bag filtration velocity difference between the maximum and minimum values is up to 10 times.It is a high-pressure zone,under the flower plates,and takes in case of the cause of cleaning filter bags that position following the velocity.And the end of the Bags at the above space with filtration velocity following disorders is relatively easy broken by the high filtration velocity.
It is the logarithm relationship between resistance and operating time:ΔP=K ln(t)+B;It may be appropriate to extend the cleaning cycle to increase the resistance replaced control valve in the filter if the permitted of the units.The Reliability of the simulation was proved to Engineering subject.
目前,对除尘器内部流场测试比较困难,主要采用计算流体力学CFD软件进行模拟分析。大型袋式除尘器结构复杂,滤袋数量多,模拟过程存在建模、网格划分、计算容量空间与时间等要解决的问题,长期以来,主要采用减少过滤面积、简化滤袋形状或局部模拟等方式简化大型袋式除尘器空问流场的计算,实践证明,模型过于简化不利于真实反映大型袋式除尘器的流场特征。
本课题以工程实际大型袋式除尘器整体建立模型,包括2156条φ160×8000mm滤袋,总过滤面积9500m~2,单台处理风量60万m~3/h,分析大型袋式除尘器内部空间流场特征,并在模型的基础上对袋式除尘器的运行阻力、过滤浓度和清灰周期进行研究。
采用冷态实验法模拟工况环境对平板滤料和圆柱形滤袋在清洁和集尘状态下的阻力特性试验,解决模型中滤袋及其表面粉尘负荷这一边界条件的设定问题,并通过调整渗透率和滤层厚度模拟滤袋表面粉尘负荷大小。同时试验结果表明渗透率不受过滤风速的影响只与滤层厚度有关,而且平板滤料阻力特性测试结果用于圆柱形滤袋边界条件的设定满足工程需要。
流场模拟结果表明:袋底以上空间具有良好的气流组织形式,袋底空间以下则相对紊乱,容易造成高速含尘气流对袋底的冲刷;位于袋室不同位置的滤袋和同一滤袋不同高度的过滤风速差别较大,考虑粉尘负荷的不均匀分布,虽然设计过滤风速lm/min左右,滤袋过滤风速最大值与最小值相差可达10倍以上;花板以下形成局部高压区,一方面造成清灰后袋口以下10～20%处过滤风速偏大,另一方面还会造成花板前后压差测量值偏大。
对袋式除尘器运行阻力、过滤浓度和清灰周期分析得出:袋式除尘器运行阻力与时间的对数关系:ΔP:Kln(t)+B:可在系统允许的前提下,适当延长清灰周期增加除尘器运行阻力的方法代替风阀调节系统风量。并结合袋式除尘实际工程验证了模拟结果的可靠性。
With the rapid development of the industrial construction,the industrial production equipment becomes large-scale and the standards of air pollution emission become increasingly strict.The large-scale bag filters are widely used in electric power,iron and steel and some other industries.But the exhaust concentration and the life of bags are directly affected by the properly flow field.
The movement of flue gas in bag filters is a complex three-dimensional gas-solid multiphase flow,and it's hard to do the actual testing of the internal flow field,so computational fluid dynamics(CFD) software is used.An industrial Large-scale bag filter is of complex structure,and normally contains several thousands of bags. Problems of building models,creating meshes and calculating need to be solved.The simulation is usually done by reducing filtering areas,simplifying the structure of filter bags or just simulating part of the bag filter.And it is proved that over-simplified model would not conducive to reflect the distribution feature of the flow field.
In this paper,the practical large-scale bag filter entire model which composed of 2156φ160×8000mm bags(9500m~2 filtration areas) and the gas volume single filters is 600,000 m~3/h was carried out to do further research on the characteristics of field flow distribution.On the basis of the model,we also research the running resistance of bag filter,cleaning cycle and the concentration of filtration.
In order to set the boundary conditions of the filter bag and the surface of the dust cake,experimenting on the flat and cylindrical bag filter cleaning and dust resistance characteristics under the state testing.And adopt the thickness and permeability of the filtration medium as the simulated load of the size parameters;the results show that the resistant characteristics of flat panel filter for the cylindrical bag boundary conditions meet the project needs;permeability from filtering effects of wind speed only with the filter layer thickness.
The results show that:the velocity at different altitudes vary greatly in the bag room and the same bag in different locations of the filter bag.coupled with the surface of the cake,the size of the uneven distribution of the cake load effect,although the design of filtration velocity is just 1m/min,bag filtration velocity difference between the maximum and minimum values is up to 10 times.It is a high-pressure zone,under the flower plates,and takes in case of the cause of cleaning filter bags that position following the velocity.And the end of the Bags at the above space with filtration velocity following disorders is relatively easy broken by the high filtration velocity.
It is the logarithm relationship between resistance and operating time:ΔP=K ln(t)+B;It may be appropriate to extend the cleaning cycle to increase the resistance replaced control valve in the filter if the permitted of the units.The Reliability of the simulation was proved to Engineering subject.
引文
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[2]GB13223-1996火电厂大气污染物排放标准[S]
[3]GB13223-2003火电厂大气污染物排放标准[S]
[4]GB4915-2004.水泥工业大气污染物排放标准[S]
[5]DB11/139-2007.北京锅炉大气污染物排放标准[S]
[6]张殿印,张学义.除尘技术手册[M].北京:冶金工业出版社,2002
[7]Koch H,Licht W.chemical Engineering[J],1979,Vol.84:80-88
[8]Filtration&Separation May/June 2009
[9]Fabric filter systems market forecast to fall,Filtration&Separation May/June 2009
[10]郝吉明,马广大..大气污染控制工程[M].高等教育出版社.2002
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