鞋底压力在运动鞋设计中的分析研究
|
摘要
随着人们生活水平的不断提高,人们对运动鞋的品质要求也越来越高,也越来越注重运动鞋的设计对人体足部健康的影响。在许多以跑、跳为主的运动项目中,运动员的核心装备是运动鞋,而运动鞋的技术的核心就是鞋底。在剧烈的运动中,当人体脚部接触地面时,会受到地面给人体的冲击力。这样的冲击产生的效果会对人体各个部位产生不同的伤害。比如脚部会受到强烈的挤压,或是脚踝的扭伤。因此,在设计不同的运动类型的鞋底时,就必须考虑运动鞋鞋底应具备的功能。在这种前提下,提出了本课题研究的主要内容和方法以及研究的意义。
本文针对这个问题,依据人体工程学的理论,分析研究了人体足部健康与在运动中足底所受压力的关系,通过具体实验测量数据,来说明在运动鞋设计时结合足底压力分析结果的重要性。然后阐述了运动鞋所应具有的几个主要性能,以及它们对鞋底受力的影响。并从运动鞋分类的角度,提出了运动鞋设计时不同的运动鞋需要考虑它们不同的防护功能。
最后从运动鞋鞋底气垫装置的功能和影响其减震功效的因素,以及鞋底花纹的止滑性功能的分析研究两个方面进行了讨论,并提出了在鞋底设计中所涉及到减震功能和止滑功能的新的设计理念。
As people living standard rise ceaselessly,The quality requirement of sneakers more and more is also high, also more and more attention to the design of shoes. Because it can affect the health of human foot. In many sports, such as running, jumping and so on, the core equipment of the athletes are sneakers. But the core technology of the sneaker is the shoes sole. In intense sport,when foots touche the ground,they will be affected by define of the ground. So the effect of attack must cause injury on the different parts of the body. For example, the foots will bear intense extrusion and ankles will be strained. So when the sole is designed, according to the different types of exercise,we must consider the function of the sole. In this premise,researching the pressure distribution of the sole in the sports,and designing the sole on the basis,will make the design of sole pay attention to scientific and humanization.
Aiming at the problem,based on The theory of human body engineering ,the paper studys the relationship of human foot health and foot pressure in motion. And according to the specific experimental measurement data, it illustrates the the importance of foot pressure analysis results when we design the shoes sole.
Firstly the paper analyzes the relationship of the health of human foot and the foot pressure and the research status currently in the foot pressure analysis, at home and abroad, and it points out the injury problems of people in sports. Then this paper proposes the main contents of the research , methods of the study and the significance of the research.
And then it expounds several main properties and their effects on the soles which the shoes should have. And from the angle of shoes classification, the paper proposes when we design the different sports shoes, we need to consider their different protection function.
Finally , from the sole of shoes mattress unit and the function of shock efficacy of shoe botten curve it factors, and the research and analysis of two aspects of function are discussed, the paper proposes the new design concept of the sole design in which involves damping function and stop slippery function.
本文针对这个问题,依据人体工程学的理论,分析研究了人体足部健康与在运动中足底所受压力的关系,通过具体实验测量数据,来说明在运动鞋设计时结合足底压力分析结果的重要性。然后阐述了运动鞋所应具有的几个主要性能,以及它们对鞋底受力的影响。并从运动鞋分类的角度,提出了运动鞋设计时不同的运动鞋需要考虑它们不同的防护功能。
最后从运动鞋鞋底气垫装置的功能和影响其减震功效的因素,以及鞋底花纹的止滑性功能的分析研究两个方面进行了讨论,并提出了在鞋底设计中所涉及到减震功能和止滑功能的新的设计理念。
As people living standard rise ceaselessly,The quality requirement of sneakers more and more is also high, also more and more attention to the design of shoes. Because it can affect the health of human foot. In many sports, such as running, jumping and so on, the core equipment of the athletes are sneakers. But the core technology of the sneaker is the shoes sole. In intense sport,when foots touche the ground,they will be affected by define of the ground. So the effect of attack must cause injury on the different parts of the body. For example, the foots will bear intense extrusion and ankles will be strained. So when the sole is designed, according to the different types of exercise,we must consider the function of the sole. In this premise,researching the pressure distribution of the sole in the sports,and designing the sole on the basis,will make the design of sole pay attention to scientific and humanization.
Aiming at the problem,based on The theory of human body engineering ,the paper studys the relationship of human foot health and foot pressure in motion. And according to the specific experimental measurement data, it illustrates the the importance of foot pressure analysis results when we design the shoes sole.
Firstly the paper analyzes the relationship of the health of human foot and the foot pressure and the research status currently in the foot pressure analysis, at home and abroad, and it points out the injury problems of people in sports. Then this paper proposes the main contents of the research , methods of the study and the significance of the research.
And then it expounds several main properties and their effects on the soles which the shoes should have. And from the angle of shoes classification, the paper proposes when we design the different sports shoes, we need to consider their different protection function.
Finally , from the sole of shoes mattress unit and the function of shock efficacy of shoe botten curve it factors, and the research and analysis of two aspects of function are discussed, the paper proposes the new design concept of the sole design in which involves damping function and stop slippery function.
引文
[1]Chau T. A review of analytical techniques for gait data,Part l:Fuzzy ,statistical and fractal[J].Gait and Posture,2001,13(1):49-66.
[2]Srebbins JA,Harrington ME,Giacongozzi,et al.Assessment of sub-division of plantar pressure measuremen in children [J].Gait and Posture,2005,22:372-376
[3]Morag E,Cavanagh PR.Structual and functional predictors of refional peak pressure under the foot during walking[J].Journal of Biomechanics,1999,32:359-370.
[4]Bryant A,Tinley P,singerK.Radiographic measurements and plantar pressuredistribution in normal,hallux valgus and hallux limitus feet[J].The Foot,2000,10(1):18-22.
[5]汤荣光.正常人足底静态和动态压力分析的测定[J],中国生物工程学报,1994,13(2):175-177.
[6]毛宾尧,贾学文,郑菲蓉,等.行走和站立时足底压力分布研究[J].中国矫形外科杂志,2002,10(12):1211-1213.
[7]袁刚,张木勋,王中琴正常人足底压力分布机器影响因素分析[J]中华物理医学与康复杂志,2004,26(3):156-159
[8]Cavanagh PR, Sims DSJr,Sanders LJ.Body mass is a poor predictor of peak plantar pressure in diabetic men[J].Diabetes Care,1991,14:750-755.
[9]Birtane M, Tuna Hakan. The evaluation of plantar pressure distribution in obese and non-obese adults[J].Clinical Biomechanics ,2004,19:1055-1059.
[10]Grabante G,Russo G, Pomara F,et al.Comparison of ground reaction forces between obese and control young adults during quiet standing on a baropodometric platform[J].Cliuical Biomechanics,2003,18:780-782.
[11]Bertsch C, Unger H, W inkelmann W ,et al. Evaluation of early walking parrerns from plantar distribution measurements[J].Gait and Posture,2004,19:235-242.
[12]Kernozek TW, LaMott EE. Comparisons of plantar pressures between the elderly and young adults[J].Gait and Posture,1995,3;143-148.
[13]Burnfield JM,Few CD ,Mohamed OS, et al .The influence of walking speed and footwear on plantar pressures in older adults[J].Clinical Biomechanics,2004,19:78-84.
[14]Taylor A J,Menz HB, Keenan AM . The influence of walking speed on plantar pressure measurements using the two-step gait initiation protocol[J]. The Foot , 2004, 14(1):49-55.
[15]Warren GL, Maher RM ,Higbie EJ. Tempotral patterns of plantar pressuers and lower-leg muscle activity during walking ;effect of speed[J].Gait and Posture, 2004,19:91-100.
[16]Hosein R ,Lord M . A study of in–shoe plantar shear in normals[J], Clinical Biomechanics, 2000 , 15:46-53.
[17]Nyska M, Linge K , McCabe C ,et al. The adaptation of the foot to heavy loads: plantar foot pressures study [J].Clin Biomech , 1997, 12(3):8.
[18]Taylor A J, Menz HB, Keenan AM .Effects of experimentally induced plantar insensitivity on forces and pressures under the foot during normal walking[J]. Gait and Posture, 2004,20:232-237.
[19]韦启航,陆文莲,傅祖芸人体步态分析系统---足底压力测量系统的研制[J ]中国生物医学工程学报,2000,1(19):1-4.
[20]张春林,崔来友,谈诚人体足底受力测试及其分析[J]北京理工大学学报,2004,24 (7):568;569
[21]张军.橡塑制鞋材料及应用[M].北京:中国轻工业出版社,2001.9:240
[22]温诗铸.摩擦学原理[M].北京:清华大学出版社,1998.136～140
[23]何冰运动鞋的竞争将是高科技的竞争[M].北京皮革,2002,(9):37～38.
[24]傅庆洪运动鞋减震缓冲性能的作用中国皮革,2004,33(10):122-123.
[25]丘理生物力学技术在制鞋领域的应用中国皮革,2004,33(4):120-121.
[26]李园浅谈影响成鞋舒适性的因素中国皮革,2002,31(18):104-105.
[27]林国春运动鞋底受力分析的几点思考[J]中国皮革,2005,34(1):119-121.
[28]Mc-Poil T Effects of insole material on force and plantar pressures during walking [J] Joural of the American Podiatric Medical Association 1992,82(8):412-416
[29]杜少勋运动鞋及其设计[M]北京:化学工业出版社,2004
[30]张伟不同专项特征动作中足部运动的生物力学研究[D]北京体育大学,2004.
[31]张伟足底压力分析在足部疾病中的应用[J]中国矫形外科杂志,1998(3):257-258.
[32]Lord M Foot pressurement a review of methodology[J] J.Biomed Eng,1981,3:91.
[33]Cavanagh P R,Hewitt J J in–shoe plantar pressure measurement (a review)[J] Foot,1985,2:185-194.
[34]李建设,王立平足底压力测量技术在生物力学研究中的应用与进展[J]北京体育大学学报,2005,28(5):191-193.
[35]林锡勋,鞋底的发展[A].上海:中国橡胶工业协会胶鞋分会,1999.1
[36]王兰美,郭业民,潘志国.人体足底压力分布研究与应用[J].机械制造与自动化.2005.34(1):35-38.
[37]陈雁西,余光荣.F-Scan足底压力步态分析仪临床应用现状[J].国外医学:骨科分册.2005.26(3):187-189.
[38]严励,王永慧,杨川,等.非糖尿病人群足底压力的研究[J].中山大学学报:医学科学版,2006,27(2):197-200.
[39]王永慧,严励,杨川,等不同年龄健康人足底压力参数的比较[J].中华老年医学杂志.2005,24(10):761-762.
[40] WillemsT,W itvrouw E,Delbaere K,eta1.Relationshipeb tweengaitbiomechanicsand invesrionsprains:aprospective studyofriskfactosr.GaitPosture2005;21(4):379-387.
[41]KelisE.Planter pressure distribution during barefoot standing,walking and landing in preschool boys.Gait Posture 2001:14(2):92-97.
[42]Nusre MA.Nigg BMThe effect of changes in foot sensation on plantar pressure and muscle activity.Clin Biomech (Bristol,Avon)2001:16(9):71-9727
[43]Jim C, Campbell C.John S,et a1.Pressure measurements on the impingement surface of sonic and sub-sonic jets impinging onto a flat plate at inclined angles.Exp Fluids 2006;44(5):697-707.
[45]Michel V,Chong RK.The strategies to regulate and to modulatethe propulsive forces during gait initiation in lower limb amputees.Exp Barin Res2004;158(3):356-565.
[46]Ripanl M,Ciccarelli A,Monni S.Evaluation of foot support in rugby players: a baorpodometric analysis.Sport Sci Health 2006;1(3):104-108.
[47]Menz HB. Morris ME.Clinical determinants of plantar forces and pressures during walking in older people.Gait Posture 2006;24(2):22 236.
[48]周安艳,李海,尹运冬.等.正常学龄前儿童步行时的动态足底压力特征[J].中国临床康复,2006,10(24):55-57.
[49]吴剑.李建设.青少年女性穿不同鞋行走时足底压力分布研究[J].体育科学,2006,26(6): 67-69.
[50]De Cock A,Willems T,Witvrouw E,eta1.A functionaI foot type classifacation with cluster analysis based on plantar pressure distribution during jogging.Gait Posture 2006;23(3):339-437.
[2]Srebbins JA,Harrington ME,Giacongozzi,et al.Assessment of sub-division of plantar pressure measuremen in children [J].Gait and Posture,2005,22:372-376
[3]Morag E,Cavanagh PR.Structual and functional predictors of refional peak pressure under the foot during walking[J].Journal of Biomechanics,1999,32:359-370.
[4]Bryant A,Tinley P,singerK.Radiographic measurements and plantar pressuredistribution in normal,hallux valgus and hallux limitus feet[J].The Foot,2000,10(1):18-22.
[5]汤荣光.正常人足底静态和动态压力分析的测定[J],中国生物工程学报,1994,13(2):175-177.
[6]毛宾尧,贾学文,郑菲蓉,等.行走和站立时足底压力分布研究[J].中国矫形外科杂志,2002,10(12):1211-1213.
[7]袁刚,张木勋,王中琴正常人足底压力分布机器影响因素分析[J]中华物理医学与康复杂志,2004,26(3):156-159
[8]Cavanagh PR, Sims DSJr,Sanders LJ.Body mass is a poor predictor of peak plantar pressure in diabetic men[J].Diabetes Care,1991,14:750-755.
[9]Birtane M, Tuna Hakan. The evaluation of plantar pressure distribution in obese and non-obese adults[J].Clinical Biomechanics ,2004,19:1055-1059.
[10]Grabante G,Russo G, Pomara F,et al.Comparison of ground reaction forces between obese and control young adults during quiet standing on a baropodometric platform[J].Cliuical Biomechanics,2003,18:780-782.
[11]Bertsch C, Unger H, W inkelmann W ,et al. Evaluation of early walking parrerns from plantar distribution measurements[J].Gait and Posture,2004,19:235-242.
[12]Kernozek TW, LaMott EE. Comparisons of plantar pressures between the elderly and young adults[J].Gait and Posture,1995,3;143-148.
[13]Burnfield JM,Few CD ,Mohamed OS, et al .The influence of walking speed and footwear on plantar pressures in older adults[J].Clinical Biomechanics,2004,19:78-84.
[14]Taylor A J,Menz HB, Keenan AM . The influence of walking speed on plantar pressure measurements using the two-step gait initiation protocol[J]. The Foot , 2004, 14(1):49-55.
[15]Warren GL, Maher RM ,Higbie EJ. Tempotral patterns of plantar pressuers and lower-leg muscle activity during walking ;effect of speed[J].Gait and Posture, 2004,19:91-100.
[16]Hosein R ,Lord M . A study of in–shoe plantar shear in normals[J], Clinical Biomechanics, 2000 , 15:46-53.
[17]Nyska M, Linge K , McCabe C ,et al. The adaptation of the foot to heavy loads: plantar foot pressures study [J].Clin Biomech , 1997, 12(3):8.
[18]Taylor A J, Menz HB, Keenan AM .Effects of experimentally induced plantar insensitivity on forces and pressures under the foot during normal walking[J]. Gait and Posture, 2004,20:232-237.
[19]韦启航,陆文莲,傅祖芸人体步态分析系统---足底压力测量系统的研制[J ]中国生物医学工程学报,2000,1(19):1-4.
[20]张春林,崔来友,谈诚人体足底受力测试及其分析[J]北京理工大学学报,2004,24 (7):568;569
[21]张军.橡塑制鞋材料及应用[M].北京:中国轻工业出版社,2001.9:240
[22]温诗铸.摩擦学原理[M].北京:清华大学出版社,1998.136～140
[23]何冰运动鞋的竞争将是高科技的竞争[M].北京皮革,2002,(9):37～38.
[24]傅庆洪运动鞋减震缓冲性能的作用中国皮革,2004,33(10):122-123.
[25]丘理生物力学技术在制鞋领域的应用中国皮革,2004,33(4):120-121.
[26]李园浅谈影响成鞋舒适性的因素中国皮革,2002,31(18):104-105.
[27]林国春运动鞋底受力分析的几点思考[J]中国皮革,2005,34(1):119-121.
[28]Mc-Poil T Effects of insole material on force and plantar pressures during walking [J] Joural of the American Podiatric Medical Association 1992,82(8):412-416
[29]杜少勋运动鞋及其设计[M]北京:化学工业出版社,2004
[30]张伟不同专项特征动作中足部运动的生物力学研究[D]北京体育大学,2004.
[31]张伟足底压力分析在足部疾病中的应用[J]中国矫形外科杂志,1998(3):257-258.
[32]Lord M Foot pressurement a review of methodology[J] J.Biomed Eng,1981,3:91.
[33]Cavanagh P R,Hewitt J J in–shoe plantar pressure measurement (a review)[J] Foot,1985,2:185-194.
[34]李建设,王立平足底压力测量技术在生物力学研究中的应用与进展[J]北京体育大学学报,2005,28(5):191-193.
[35]林锡勋,鞋底的发展[A].上海:中国橡胶工业协会胶鞋分会,1999.1
[36]王兰美,郭业民,潘志国.人体足底压力分布研究与应用[J].机械制造与自动化.2005.34(1):35-38.
[37]陈雁西,余光荣.F-Scan足底压力步态分析仪临床应用现状[J].国外医学:骨科分册.2005.26(3):187-189.
[38]严励,王永慧,杨川,等.非糖尿病人群足底压力的研究[J].中山大学学报:医学科学版,2006,27(2):197-200.
[39]王永慧,严励,杨川,等不同年龄健康人足底压力参数的比较[J].中华老年医学杂志.2005,24(10):761-762.
[40] WillemsT,W itvrouw E,Delbaere K,eta1.Relationshipeb tweengaitbiomechanicsand invesrionsprains:aprospective studyofriskfactosr.GaitPosture2005;21(4):379-387.
[41]KelisE.Planter pressure distribution during barefoot standing,walking and landing in preschool boys.Gait Posture 2001:14(2):92-97.
[42]Nusre MA.Nigg BMThe effect of changes in foot sensation on plantar pressure and muscle activity.Clin Biomech (Bristol,Avon)2001:16(9):71-9727
[43]Jim C, Campbell C.John S,et a1.Pressure measurements on the impingement surface of sonic and sub-sonic jets impinging onto a flat plate at inclined angles.Exp Fluids 2006;44(5):697-707.
[45]Michel V,Chong RK.The strategies to regulate and to modulatethe propulsive forces during gait initiation in lower limb amputees.Exp Barin Res2004;158(3):356-565.
[46]Ripanl M,Ciccarelli A,Monni S.Evaluation of foot support in rugby players: a baorpodometric analysis.Sport Sci Health 2006;1(3):104-108.
[47]Menz HB. Morris ME.Clinical determinants of plantar forces and pressures during walking in older people.Gait Posture 2006;24(2):22 236.
[48]周安艳,李海,尹运冬.等.正常学龄前儿童步行时的动态足底压力特征[J].中国临床康复,2006,10(24):55-57.
[49]吴剑.李建设.青少年女性穿不同鞋行走时足底压力分布研究[J].体育科学,2006,26(6): 67-69.
[50]De Cock A,Willems T,Witvrouw E,eta1.A functionaI foot type classifacation with cluster analysis based on plantar pressure distribution during jogging.Gait Posture 2006;23(3):339-437.