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油田油泥的处理及资源化利用技术研究
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摘要
在石油开采及加工过程中,会产生大量的废弃含油污泥。当前,这些污泥大多数未经处理而直接排放于环境,对环境和人类健康造成威胁。面对这一急待解决的环境问题,国内外都正在努力研究对之进行彻底治理的方法和技术。
     我国是一个石油资源极为有限的国家,而且我国的油田大多位于干旱的沙漠地带,因此我国在考虑油田废弃油泥治理方法和技术时,必须坚持节水节能和资源化利用的原则。本论文选题即以此原则而展开。
     本论文针对我国新疆沙漠油田的废油泥处理方法及其设备进行了系统研究,研究目标是组合一套适合我国沙漠油田废油泥无害化处理及资源化利用的高效节水节能技术,并且必须做到其实施设备小巧化,以实现将成套装备集成于一辆卡车之上,形成一个完整的车载移动式油泥处理系统。
     本论文首先研究了一套含油污泥中泥水的洗涤分离,以及油份回收工艺,通过实验确定了其最佳工艺条件。既而,采用由导师所独创的专利方法——交变脉冲电絮凝法对洗涤脱油后的废水进行电化学絮凝处理,并通过条件试验和正交试验确定了其最佳处理工艺参数。通过以上成套方法的处理,可将油泥含油量从44.9×10~4mg/kg降至9.9×10~4mg/kg,含油污水中含油量从55.68mg/L降至12.01mg/L,对油泥油水的处理均达到了国家规定的排放标准。随后,在研究过程中,还总结出了一套利用超声振荡测定浊度,以此作为间接快速地测定水中相对油含量地非连续性操作方法。该法的提出一方面用于本研究中相对油含量的测定,另一方面,将在随后的车载集成油泥处理系统中作为可移动快速测油技术而参加总体技术集成。最后,又在以上实验研究成果的基础上,对车载可移动式油田油泥处理系统进行了初步的方案设计。
     本论文的最终研究成果,是基本做到为我国沙漠油田提供了一套成套设备可车载移动的交变集成化、高效的油泥无害化、资源化处理系统。该处理系统操作简单,设备可移动,无需外加药剂,不会对环境造成二次污染,从真正意义上做到了资源化、无害化的统一,顺应了目前绿色环保的主题,若得到广范应用必将带来巨大的经济利益。
During the oil exploitation and the process of producing, a great quantity of oily sludge will be produced. Recently these sludge which haven't be treated and threw into environment .That were harm to the environment and humanity's healthy. Facing this urgent problem, domestic and foreign positively adopts each kind of method to solution the problem ,and hope it will alleviate the harm from contains oil which sludge brings.
     Our country's petroleum resource is extremely limited. And, majority oil field of our country are located in desert region. That means when concentrating the oily sludge treatment method and the technology, the main request about the oily sludge treatment is saving water. This thesis just derived from this principle.
     This thesis contraposed the oily sludge from oil field in Xinjiang ,and toward the treatment method and equipment about those oily sludge, actualized a systemic research. Aimed to assembled a whole treatment project ,which could live up to the principle of efficiency, economize, removable, cabinet. And also combined the saving resource and innocuous together. Fixing all the treatment equipments into a truck, formed a intact removable oily sludge treatment circle system.
     In the first place, we study about the method of separate oil water from oily sludge, and the technics of oil reclaim. Have ascertained the best technological conditions by the experiment. Whereafter adopt a new power which invented by Prof. Yatian Luo in wuhan university of technology, and confirm the best testing parameter through orthogonal experiment. The final result could reduce the oily contents of oily sludge from 44.9×10~4mg/kg to 9.9×10~4mg/kg, and the oily contents of oily water from 55.68mg/L to 12.01mg/L.Both have achieved the standard about drainage, according to the country standard. Then, on the following research, we using emulsification-turbodity method to measure the result of treatment. The reason for choose this method as our detect method of experiment is that, want to explore a suit emulsification-turbidity detect method which adapt to laboratory on the basic of theory , and use this detect method as a fast detection about contented oil in sewerage. On the other hand, the method could also be used in the intact removable oily sludge treatment circle system.
     The thesis ultimate achievements are designed a intact removable oily sludge treatment circle system, which integrated efficiency, economize, removable, saving resource and innocuous basically. Adjustment at present green environmental protection subject, if applying extensive, will certainly bring about tremendous economic benefits.
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