全程高温好氧堆肥快速降解城市生活垃圾及其腐熟度判定
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摘要
堆肥是资源化、减量化和无害化处理城市生活垃圾的有效方法。腐熟度是堆肥工艺、堆肥过程控制及堆肥产品质量评价的重要依据。传统的堆肥处理工艺存在投资大、生产周期长和产品质量不稳定等缺点。为了提高堆肥处理城市生活垃圾(MSW)的速率和质量,本文提出了一种新型的城市生活垃圾处理技术——全程高温好氧堆肥,即通过外加热源使堆料在整个堆肥过程中维持在50℃以上。
实验以传统好氧堆肥A和全程高温好氧堆肥B两种方法对MSW进行了堆期为60d的堆肥处理。同时,监测了堆肥的pH和温度等参数的变化情况,并以C/N、种子发芽率、可溶性有机碳、比好氧速率、脱氢酶活性和细菌的DGGE条带情况分析为指标评价了堆肥的腐熟度和质量。通过对堆体堆肥期间的理化性质的测定,为改进堆肥工艺,提高堆肥效率提供参考。同时通过对堆肥腐熟度判断指标的测定,为堆肥腐熟度的判定提供理论依据。堆肥期间,堆体B的高温期明显比堆体A时间长,表明堆体B能更好的满足垃圾处理无害化的要求；堆体A的TOC值在20d后达到稳定,堆体B的TOC值在13d后就已近达到稳定；堆体A的C/N在第15d时低于25,堆体B的C/N在第8d时就已近低于25；堆肥结束时,堆肥结束时堆体A和B的DOC含量分别为0.542%和0.466%,均满足相关文献中的腐熟标准；堆体A的GI值在第26d时达到90%,堆体B的GI值在第15d时就超过90%；堆体A的SOUR值在第28d时达到稳定,堆体B的SOUR值在16d时就达到稳定；堆体A的DH-ase(脱氢酶活性)在第32d后达到稳定,堆体B的DH-ase在第15后就达到稳定。对堆肥样品的DNA提取及PCR-DGGE图谱分析得出：堆体A的腐熟期大约为18天,堆体B的腐熟期大约为16天。
通过选择C/N、DOC、GI、SOUR、DH-ase和细菌的DGGE图谱判断这6个指标作为A、B两个堆体的堆肥腐熟度判定指标,结果表明,全程高温堆肥法和传统堆肥法的堆肥周期分别为16d和28d,两种方法得到的产品其pH值均为7左右。在第31d将全程高温堆肥产品置于30℃,其理化性质没有出现明显波动,说明其堆肥产品性质稳定。因此,全程高温好氧堆肥法能显著缩短堆肥周期、提高堆肥质量,具有很大的应用潜力。
Composting is an recycling, reduction and safe disposal effective way to deal with municipal solid.Maturity is an important basis of quality assessment for compost process, the control of process and product quality assessment. The traditional composting existence many shortcomings, such as large investment, long production and unstable product quality. In order to improve the rate and the quality of MSW with compost. The researcher invention a new type of MSW technology—continuous high-temperature aerobic composting (CHAC). Through the external heat source to the compost heap in the process of material maintained at above 50℃.
The research use two composting methods, the one is methods-traditional aerobic composting (THAC) A; the other is CHAC B. each period is 60d. At the same time, monitoring the change of pH, temperature, moisture parameters et al during composting. And the parameters of C/N, GI, DOC, SOUR, DH-ase and the situation analysis of bacterial DGGE bands were used to evaluate the maturity and quality of compost product. Through the determination of physical and chemical properties in composting pile. Which take a good reference for improving process and efficiency At the same time through the determination of the compost maturity indicator to provide a theoretical basis of the maturity degree of compost. During the composting period. The pile B has long high-temperature phase than pile A, which means than B was better meet the requirements of harmless waste disposal than A; the TOC values of pile A was stable after 20d and the TOC values of pile B was stable after 13d; the values of C/N was below 25 after 15d, the values of C/N was below 25 almost less than 8d; at the end of compost the DOC content in pile A and pile B were respectively at 0.542% and 0.466%,all meet the standards of literature in the decomposition; the GI values of pile A was reach 90% in the 26d,while the GI values of pile B was more than 90% at the 15d; the SOUR values of pile A reached to stability in the 28d,and the pile B was in the 16d; the DH-ase values of pile A reached to stability in the 32d, and the pile B was in the 15d; analysis of the DNA extraction of the compost samples and PCR-DGGE profiles of drawn, Conclusions that Decomposition cycle of pile A was about 28d, and pile B was about 28d.
Though the parameters of the C/N, DOC, GI, SOUR, DH-ase and bacterial DGGE profiles as maturity indicator to pile A and pile B. the result show that the composting cycle of pile A and pile B was respectively at 26d and 28d. the pH value of the two products about 7, put the product of CHAC at 30℃,which physical and chemical properties without significant fluctuations. All indicating that the nature of CHAC products was stable. Therefore, this technology Process can significantly shorten the composting cycle, improve the compost quality, and has great potential.
实验以传统好氧堆肥A和全程高温好氧堆肥B两种方法对MSW进行了堆期为60d的堆肥处理。同时,监测了堆肥的pH和温度等参数的变化情况,并以C/N、种子发芽率、可溶性有机碳、比好氧速率、脱氢酶活性和细菌的DGGE条带情况分析为指标评价了堆肥的腐熟度和质量。通过对堆体堆肥期间的理化性质的测定,为改进堆肥工艺,提高堆肥效率提供参考。同时通过对堆肥腐熟度判断指标的测定,为堆肥腐熟度的判定提供理论依据。堆肥期间,堆体B的高温期明显比堆体A时间长,表明堆体B能更好的满足垃圾处理无害化的要求；堆体A的TOC值在20d后达到稳定,堆体B的TOC值在13d后就已近达到稳定；堆体A的C/N在第15d时低于25,堆体B的C/N在第8d时就已近低于25；堆肥结束时,堆肥结束时堆体A和B的DOC含量分别为0.542%和0.466%,均满足相关文献中的腐熟标准；堆体A的GI值在第26d时达到90%,堆体B的GI值在第15d时就超过90%；堆体A的SOUR值在第28d时达到稳定,堆体B的SOUR值在16d时就达到稳定；堆体A的DH-ase(脱氢酶活性)在第32d后达到稳定,堆体B的DH-ase在第15后就达到稳定。对堆肥样品的DNA提取及PCR-DGGE图谱分析得出：堆体A的腐熟期大约为18天,堆体B的腐熟期大约为16天。
通过选择C/N、DOC、GI、SOUR、DH-ase和细菌的DGGE图谱判断这6个指标作为A、B两个堆体的堆肥腐熟度判定指标,结果表明,全程高温堆肥法和传统堆肥法的堆肥周期分别为16d和28d,两种方法得到的产品其pH值均为7左右。在第31d将全程高温堆肥产品置于30℃,其理化性质没有出现明显波动,说明其堆肥产品性质稳定。因此,全程高温好氧堆肥法能显著缩短堆肥周期、提高堆肥质量,具有很大的应用潜力。
Composting is an recycling, reduction and safe disposal effective way to deal with municipal solid.Maturity is an important basis of quality assessment for compost process, the control of process and product quality assessment. The traditional composting existence many shortcomings, such as large investment, long production and unstable product quality. In order to improve the rate and the quality of MSW with compost. The researcher invention a new type of MSW technology—continuous high-temperature aerobic composting (CHAC). Through the external heat source to the compost heap in the process of material maintained at above 50℃.
The research use two composting methods, the one is methods-traditional aerobic composting (THAC) A; the other is CHAC B. each period is 60d. At the same time, monitoring the change of pH, temperature, moisture parameters et al during composting. And the parameters of C/N, GI, DOC, SOUR, DH-ase and the situation analysis of bacterial DGGE bands were used to evaluate the maturity and quality of compost product. Through the determination of physical and chemical properties in composting pile. Which take a good reference for improving process and efficiency At the same time through the determination of the compost maturity indicator to provide a theoretical basis of the maturity degree of compost. During the composting period. The pile B has long high-temperature phase than pile A, which means than B was better meet the requirements of harmless waste disposal than A; the TOC values of pile A was stable after 20d and the TOC values of pile B was stable after 13d; the values of C/N was below 25 after 15d, the values of C/N was below 25 almost less than 8d; at the end of compost the DOC content in pile A and pile B were respectively at 0.542% and 0.466%,all meet the standards of literature in the decomposition; the GI values of pile A was reach 90% in the 26d,while the GI values of pile B was more than 90% at the 15d; the SOUR values of pile A reached to stability in the 28d,and the pile B was in the 16d; the DH-ase values of pile A reached to stability in the 32d, and the pile B was in the 15d; analysis of the DNA extraction of the compost samples and PCR-DGGE profiles of drawn, Conclusions that Decomposition cycle of pile A was about 28d, and pile B was about 28d.
Though the parameters of the C/N, DOC, GI, SOUR, DH-ase and bacterial DGGE profiles as maturity indicator to pile A and pile B. the result show that the composting cycle of pile A and pile B was respectively at 26d and 28d. the pH value of the two products about 7, put the product of CHAC at 30℃,which physical and chemical properties without significant fluctuations. All indicating that the nature of CHAC products was stable. Therefore, this technology Process can significantly shorten the composting cycle, improve the compost quality, and has great potential.
引文
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