耐盐砧木嫁接提高茄子（Solanum melongena L.）幼苗耐盐性的生理机制研究
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摘要
茄子(Solanum melongena L.)是一种对盐分中等敏感的蔬菜作物,盐渍条件下茄子的生长发育和产量会受到严重影响。嫁接栽培可有效提高茄子的抗逆性,在生产中广泛应用。但有关茄子嫁接的研究主要集中在抗病性和抗冷性方面,对嫁接提高茄子耐盐性的研究较少,而土壤盐次生渍化已成为蔬菜设施栽培的主要限制因子,严重阻碍了蔬菜设施栽培的可持续性发展。因此,进行茄子嫁接栽培及探讨嫁接提高茄子耐盐机理的研究,对茄子生产具有重大意义。本研究以从日本引进的茄子设施栽培专用品种'Torvum Vigor' (Solanum torvum Swartz)为砧木,南京地区常用栽培品种'苏崎茄'为接穗,采用营养液培和基质培相结合的栽培方法,对NaCl胁迫下茄子嫁接苗和自根苗的生长发育、生理生化代谢进行了比较,以阐明砧木嫁接影响茄子幼苗耐盐性的生理机制,主要研究结果如下:
1.对引进砧木品种'Torvum Vigor'的生物学特性进行了观察并分析了其耐盐性。结果表明,该砧木植株根系发达,生长势极强,当年种植8月底开花结果,花色白色,花序簇生,结果数量多,果实较小,具有野生茄子的形态特性,南京地区露地栽培不易留种。80 mmol·l~(-1) NaCl胁迫下,与栽培品种'苏崎茄'种相比,供试砧木生长受抑制程度较低,根系活力较强,盐害指数较低,根系Na~+和Cl~-含量较高,而叶片Na~+、Cl~-含量较低,耐盐性优于栽培品种'苏崎茄'。
2.研究了80 mm0l.·l~(-1) NaCl胁迫对茄子嫁接苗和自根苗生长和光合特性的影响,结果表明,NaCl胁迫显著降低茄子幼苗生物量、叶绿素a和b含量、净光合速率(Pn)、蒸腾速率(Tr)和气孔导度(Gs),对类胡萝卜素含量影响不大,气孔限制值(Ls)显著升高,胞间CO_2浓度(Ci)先降低后升高。在相同胁迫条件下,嫁接苗的Pn、光合色素含量、Tr和Gs显著高于自根苗。嫁接苗生长受NaCl胁迫抑制程度小于自根苗,这与嫁接苗在NaCl胁迫下保持较高的净光合速率有关。
3.用营养液栽培,对80 mmol·L~(-1) NaCl胁迫下茄子嫁接苗和自根苗的离子吸收和分布进行了比较。结果表明,地上部除叶柄外各部位Na~+、cl~-含量均显著低于自根苗,嫁接苗根部贮存一定量的Na~+、Cl~-;NaCl胁迫后嫁接苗在幼叶和根部保持高K~+/Na~+值和Ca~(2+)/Na~+值;嫁接苗根部选择吸收S_(k,Na)、S_(Ca,Na)值和幼叶选择运输S_(K,Na)、S_(Ca,Na)值均显著高于自根苗。从离子分布看,嫁接茄子的耐盐机制主要在于根部贮存Na~+、Cl~-以减小地上部的盐离子毒害和K~+、Ca~(2+)在幼叶和根部的特异积累。
4.在营养液栽培条件下,对80 mmol·L~(-1) NaCl胁迫下茄子嫁接苗和自根苗叶片抗氧化酶活性、有机渗透调节物质含量、活性氧代谢和膜脂过氧化进行了比较。结果表明,NaCl胁迫下,茄子嫁接苗和自根苗叶片SOD活性下降,POD和CAT活性胁迫前期升高,后期降低。嫁接苗抗氧化酶活性和渗透调节物质含量均显著高于自根苗,而O_2生成速率、H_2O_2和MDA含量则显著低于自根苗。NaCl胁迫增加了嫁接苗和自根苗叶片膜脂过氧化程度,但是,嫁接苗受NaCl胁迫的影响小于自根苗,NaCl胁迫下较高的抗氧化酶活性、有机渗透调节物质含量和较低的氧化损伤与嫁接苗较强的耐盐性有关。
5.在基质栽培下,研究了100 mmol·L~(-1) NaCl胁迫对茄子嫁接苗和自根苗AsA-GSH循环中有关酶活性的影响。结果表明,NaCl胁迫可诱导叶片中H_2O_2的产生,导致膜脂过氧化产物丙二醛(MDA)的积累。嫁接苗叶片中H_2O_2和MDA的含量显著低于自根苗。在NaCl胁迫下,嫁接苗叶片中谷胱甘肽还原酶(GR)和抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX)活性上升,自根苗下降;NaCl胁迫促进了嫁接苗还原型抗坏血酸(AsA)和还原型谷胱甘肽(GSH)的合成,嫁接苗叶片中AsA和GSH的含量显著高于自根苗。由此认为,嫁接苗耐盐性优于自根苗的原因在于嫁接苗保持较快的AsA-GSH循环,从而保证GSH和AsA的再生以减轻氧化损伤。
6.用营养液栽培,研究了80 mmol·L~(-1) NaCl胁迫下茄子嫁接苗和自根苗叶片多胺代谢和ABA含量的变化。结果表明,在NaCl胁迫下,茄子嫁接苗3种不同形态多胺(游离态、结合态和束缚态)和ABA含量均显著高于自根苗。NaCl胁迫显著增加了叶片精胺和ABA含量;腐胺和亚精胺含量在胁迫前期上升,后期下降。嫁接苗的腐胺和亚精胺含量降低幅度低于自根苗,而精胺和ABA含量上升幅度则高于自根苗。嫁接苗多胺代谢受NaCl胁迫的影响小于自根苗,NaCl胁迫下ABA的快速积累和保持相对高的叶片多胺含量与嫁接苗耐盐性有关。
7.采用高压液相色谱法对80 mm0l·L~(-1) NaCl胁迫下营养液栽培茄子嫁接苗和自根苗根系多胺代谢的差异进行了研究。结果表明,胁迫2 d时,嫁接苗根系游离态亚精胺和结合态多胺含量显著高于自根苗,游离态腐胺和束缚态多胺显著低于自根苗,游离态精胺含量两者无显著差异。胁迫10 d时,自根苗3种形态的多胺含量均下降,显著低于对照植株,而嫁接苗根系游离态精胺、结合态腐胺和束缚态多胺含量显著高于对照植株。NaCl胁迫显著提高了茄子嫁接苗和自根苗根系多胺氧化酶的活性,自根苗增加幅度显著高于嫁接苗。以上结果表明,嫁接苗胁迫初期根系结合态多胺的迅速积累及胁迫后期保持较高的精胺含量有利于其耐盐性的提高。
Eggplant (Solarium melongena L.) is considered to be moderate sensitive to salinity, soil salinity deteriorates severely the growth and yield of eggplant. Grafting plays an important role in eggplant cultivation and can effectively enhance the ability of eggplant to resist adversity and has been applied widely in practice. However, studies were mainly focused on increasing disease and cold resistance by grafting, there are few studies on improving salt tolerance by grafting. Furthermore, soil secondary salinization has been becoming the main factor which severely limited the sustainable development of facility vegetable cultivation. Therefor, it is very important to investigate the mechanism of salt tolerance by grafting. In this study, we use 'Torvum Vigor' (Solarium torvum Swartz)which is a special cultivar introduced from Japan as rootstock and eggplant cultivar 'Suqiqie' as scion, grafting was made to compare the differences in growth and metabolism of physiology and biochemical between grafted and own-rooted eggplant seedlings under salt stress, in order to better elucidate the physiological and biochemical mechanisms of improving salt tolerance by grafting. The results of this study were as follows:
1.Biological characteristics of 'Torvum Vigor' were observed and salt tolerance was evaluated. The results showed that 'Torvum Vigor' displayed stronger growth vigor and flowered at the end of August. Flower color is white and inflore scene is in clusters. Fruit number per plant is great and fruit is small. These are similar to wild eggplant cultivar in morphological character. It is difficult to obtain seeds in Nanjing region under open cultivation since flower period is very later. Under 80 mmol·L~(-1) sodium chloride stress, 'Torvum Vigor' seedlings growth was less affected than that of 'Suqiqie' ones, root activity of 'Torvum Vigor' seedlings was stronger than that of 'Suqiqie' ones. Contents of Na~+ and Cl~- in roots of 'Torvum Vigor' were higher than those of 'Suqiqie', while content of Na~+ and Cl~- in leaves of 'Torvum Vigor' was lower than those of 'Suqiqie' seedlings. The above results suggested salt tolerance of 'Torvum Vigor' is super to 'Suqiqie'.
2.Growth and photosynthetic characteristics of grafted and own-root eggplant seedlings were studied under 80 mmol·L~(-1) NaCl stress. The results showed that plant growth, contents of chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b, net photosynthetic rate (Pn), transpiration rate (Tr),stomatal conductance (Gs) were significantly decreased and stomata limited value (Ls) was significantly increased by NaCl stress, intercellular CO_2 concentration (Ci) first were decreased and then were increased. NaCl stress had little effect on content of carotenoid in grafted and own-root eggplant seedlings. Under the same stress conditions, Pn, Tr, Gs and contents of photosynthetic pigment in grafted seedlings were significantly higher than those of own-root ones. The growth of grafted seedlings was less affected by NaCl stress than that of own-root ones, which was related to keep higher Pn in grafted seedlings.
3.The following results were obtained. Contents of Na~+ and Cl~- of grafted seedlings were significantly lower than those of own-root seedlings in shoot except in petiole, and they were accumulated in roots of grafted seedlings. Under NaCl stress, grafted seedlings kept high values of K~+/Na~+ and Ca~(2+)/Na~+ in young leaves and roots; selective absorption values of S_(K,Na) and S_(Ca,Na) in roots and selective transport values of S_(K,Na) and S_(Ca,Na) in young leaves of grafted seedlings were significantly higher than those of own-root seedlings. Based on these results, it could be concluded that, mechanisms of salt tolerance of grafted eggplant seedlings were attributed both to accumulation of Na~+ and Cl~- in roots to alleviate the injury effect of salt ions on shoot growth, and to increasing the values of K~+/Na~+ and Ca~(2+)/Na~+ in young leaves and roots by accumulating K~+ and Ca~(2+).
4.The activities of antioxidant enzymes, contents of osmotic adjustment substances and metabolism of reactive oxygen in grafted and own-root eggplant seedlings were investigated. The results showed that NaCl stress significantly reduced superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and increased (?) producing rate, contents of free proline,H_2O_2 and MDA in leaves of both grafted and own-root eggplant seedlings, while peroxidase (POD) and catalase(CAT) activity increased firstly and then decreased. Compared with own-root eggplant seedlings, the grafted seedlings had a higher antioxidant enzymes activities and contents of osmotic adjustment substances and a lower (?) producing rate, contents of H_2O_2 and MDA under NaCl stress. NaCl stress induced lipid peroxidation in leaves of both grafted and own-root eggplant seedlings. However, the grafted seedlings were less affected by NaCl stress than that of own-root seedlings. It was concluded that higher activities of antioxidant enzymes and less oxidative damage might be involved in stronger salt tolerance of grafted eggplant seedlings.
5.The response of the enzymes and metabolites of the ascorbate-glutathione pathway to oxidative stress caused by salt stress was studied under matrix cultivation. The results showed that NaCl stress induced generation of H_2O-2 and accumulation of malondiadehyde(MDA) both in grafted and own-root seedlings. However, contents of MDA and H_2O_2 in leaves of grafted seedlings were significantly less than those that in own-seedlings. Activities of glutathione reductase (GR) and ascorbate-specific peroxidase (APX) in leaves of grafted seedlings were significantly increased whereas own-seedlings decreased under NaCl stress. NaCl stress promoted reduced ascorbic acid (AsA) and reduced glutathione (GSH) synthesis in grafted eggplant seedlings. Contents of AsA and GSH in leaves of grafted seedlings were significantly higher than those in own-seedlings. It was concluded that a more active AsA-GSH cycle may be involved in stronger salt tolerance of grafted eggplant seedlings, which ensures regeneration of AsA and GSH to reduce oxidative damage.
6.Polyamines metabolism and abscisic acid (ABA) content in leaves of grafted and own-root eggplant seedlings were studied. The results showed that plant growth, contents of three forms of polyamines (free, conjugated and bound), and ABA content in grafted seedlings were significantly higher than those in own-root seedlings under NaCl stress. NaCl stress significantly increased contents of spermine (Spm) and ABA in leaves, putrescine (Put) and spermidine (Spd) contents increased then decreased in both grafted and own-root seedlings. However, the reduction of Put and Spd contents in leaves of grafted seedlings was lower than that of own-root seedlings, while the increase of Spm and ABA contents of grafted seedlings was higher than that of own-root seedlings. The polyamine metabolism of grafted seedlings was less affected by NaCl stress than those of own-root seedlings. It was concluded that both the rapid accumulation of ABA and higher polyamine contents might be involved in stronger salt tolerance of grafted eggplant seedlings.
7.Using high-pressure liquid chronatography (HPLC) method, differences in root polyamines metabolism between hydroponically-grown grafted and own-root eggplant seedlings were studied under 80 mmol·L~(-1) NaCl stress. The results showed that contents of free spermidine (Spd), conjugated polyamines in roots of grafted eggplant seedlings were significantly higher than those of own-root seedlings, while contents of free putrescine (Put) and bound polyamines of grafted seedlings were significantly lower than those of own-root seedlings and there was no difference in free spermine (Spm) between grafted and own-root seedlings at 2 d after NaCl treatment. NaCl stress reduced the contents of three forms of polyamines in roots of own-root seedlings at 10 d after NaCl treatment. Whereas, the contents of free Spm, conjugated Put and bound polyamines in roots of grafted seedlings were increased. Polyamine oxidase (PAO) activities were significantly increased under NaCl stress. However, the elevation of PAO in own-root seedlings was higher than that of grafted seedlings. The above results indicated that both accumulation of conjugated polyamine at early stage of stress and higher Spm content at later stage were important to the improvement of salt tolerance in grafted seedlings.
1.对引进砧木品种'Torvum Vigor'的生物学特性进行了观察并分析了其耐盐性。结果表明,该砧木植株根系发达,生长势极强,当年种植8月底开花结果,花色白色,花序簇生,结果数量多,果实较小,具有野生茄子的形态特性,南京地区露地栽培不易留种。80 mmol·l~(-1) NaCl胁迫下,与栽培品种'苏崎茄'种相比,供试砧木生长受抑制程度较低,根系活力较强,盐害指数较低,根系Na~+和Cl~-含量较高,而叶片Na~+、Cl~-含量较低,耐盐性优于栽培品种'苏崎茄'。
2.研究了80 mm0l.·l~(-1) NaCl胁迫对茄子嫁接苗和自根苗生长和光合特性的影响,结果表明,NaCl胁迫显著降低茄子幼苗生物量、叶绿素a和b含量、净光合速率(Pn)、蒸腾速率(Tr)和气孔导度(Gs),对类胡萝卜素含量影响不大,气孔限制值(Ls)显著升高,胞间CO_2浓度(Ci)先降低后升高。在相同胁迫条件下,嫁接苗的Pn、光合色素含量、Tr和Gs显著高于自根苗。嫁接苗生长受NaCl胁迫抑制程度小于自根苗,这与嫁接苗在NaCl胁迫下保持较高的净光合速率有关。
3.用营养液栽培,对80 mmol·L~(-1) NaCl胁迫下茄子嫁接苗和自根苗的离子吸收和分布进行了比较。结果表明,地上部除叶柄外各部位Na~+、cl~-含量均显著低于自根苗,嫁接苗根部贮存一定量的Na~+、Cl~-;NaCl胁迫后嫁接苗在幼叶和根部保持高K~+/Na~+值和Ca~(2+)/Na~+值;嫁接苗根部选择吸收S_(k,Na)、S_(Ca,Na)值和幼叶选择运输S_(K,Na)、S_(Ca,Na)值均显著高于自根苗。从离子分布看,嫁接茄子的耐盐机制主要在于根部贮存Na~+、Cl~-以减小地上部的盐离子毒害和K~+、Ca~(2+)在幼叶和根部的特异积累。
4.在营养液栽培条件下,对80 mmol·L~(-1) NaCl胁迫下茄子嫁接苗和自根苗叶片抗氧化酶活性、有机渗透调节物质含量、活性氧代谢和膜脂过氧化进行了比较。结果表明,NaCl胁迫下,茄子嫁接苗和自根苗叶片SOD活性下降,POD和CAT活性胁迫前期升高,后期降低。嫁接苗抗氧化酶活性和渗透调节物质含量均显著高于自根苗,而O_2生成速率、H_2O_2和MDA含量则显著低于自根苗。NaCl胁迫增加了嫁接苗和自根苗叶片膜脂过氧化程度,但是,嫁接苗受NaCl胁迫的影响小于自根苗,NaCl胁迫下较高的抗氧化酶活性、有机渗透调节物质含量和较低的氧化损伤与嫁接苗较强的耐盐性有关。
5.在基质栽培下,研究了100 mmol·L~(-1) NaCl胁迫对茄子嫁接苗和自根苗AsA-GSH循环中有关酶活性的影响。结果表明,NaCl胁迫可诱导叶片中H_2O_2的产生,导致膜脂过氧化产物丙二醛(MDA)的积累。嫁接苗叶片中H_2O_2和MDA的含量显著低于自根苗。在NaCl胁迫下,嫁接苗叶片中谷胱甘肽还原酶(GR)和抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX)活性上升,自根苗下降;NaCl胁迫促进了嫁接苗还原型抗坏血酸(AsA)和还原型谷胱甘肽(GSH)的合成,嫁接苗叶片中AsA和GSH的含量显著高于自根苗。由此认为,嫁接苗耐盐性优于自根苗的原因在于嫁接苗保持较快的AsA-GSH循环,从而保证GSH和AsA的再生以减轻氧化损伤。
6.用营养液栽培,研究了80 mmol·L~(-1) NaCl胁迫下茄子嫁接苗和自根苗叶片多胺代谢和ABA含量的变化。结果表明,在NaCl胁迫下,茄子嫁接苗3种不同形态多胺(游离态、结合态和束缚态)和ABA含量均显著高于自根苗。NaCl胁迫显著增加了叶片精胺和ABA含量;腐胺和亚精胺含量在胁迫前期上升,后期下降。嫁接苗的腐胺和亚精胺含量降低幅度低于自根苗,而精胺和ABA含量上升幅度则高于自根苗。嫁接苗多胺代谢受NaCl胁迫的影响小于自根苗,NaCl胁迫下ABA的快速积累和保持相对高的叶片多胺含量与嫁接苗耐盐性有关。
7.采用高压液相色谱法对80 mm0l·L~(-1) NaCl胁迫下营养液栽培茄子嫁接苗和自根苗根系多胺代谢的差异进行了研究。结果表明,胁迫2 d时,嫁接苗根系游离态亚精胺和结合态多胺含量显著高于自根苗,游离态腐胺和束缚态多胺显著低于自根苗,游离态精胺含量两者无显著差异。胁迫10 d时,自根苗3种形态的多胺含量均下降,显著低于对照植株,而嫁接苗根系游离态精胺、结合态腐胺和束缚态多胺含量显著高于对照植株。NaCl胁迫显著提高了茄子嫁接苗和自根苗根系多胺氧化酶的活性,自根苗增加幅度显著高于嫁接苗。以上结果表明,嫁接苗胁迫初期根系结合态多胺的迅速积累及胁迫后期保持较高的精胺含量有利于其耐盐性的提高。
Eggplant (Solarium melongena L.) is considered to be moderate sensitive to salinity, soil salinity deteriorates severely the growth and yield of eggplant. Grafting plays an important role in eggplant cultivation and can effectively enhance the ability of eggplant to resist adversity and has been applied widely in practice. However, studies were mainly focused on increasing disease and cold resistance by grafting, there are few studies on improving salt tolerance by grafting. Furthermore, soil secondary salinization has been becoming the main factor which severely limited the sustainable development of facility vegetable cultivation. Therefor, it is very important to investigate the mechanism of salt tolerance by grafting. In this study, we use 'Torvum Vigor' (Solarium torvum Swartz)which is a special cultivar introduced from Japan as rootstock and eggplant cultivar 'Suqiqie' as scion, grafting was made to compare the differences in growth and metabolism of physiology and biochemical between grafted and own-rooted eggplant seedlings under salt stress, in order to better elucidate the physiological and biochemical mechanisms of improving salt tolerance by grafting. The results of this study were as follows:
1.Biological characteristics of 'Torvum Vigor' were observed and salt tolerance was evaluated. The results showed that 'Torvum Vigor' displayed stronger growth vigor and flowered at the end of August. Flower color is white and inflore scene is in clusters. Fruit number per plant is great and fruit is small. These are similar to wild eggplant cultivar in morphological character. It is difficult to obtain seeds in Nanjing region under open cultivation since flower period is very later. Under 80 mmol·L~(-1) sodium chloride stress, 'Torvum Vigor' seedlings growth was less affected than that of 'Suqiqie' ones, root activity of 'Torvum Vigor' seedlings was stronger than that of 'Suqiqie' ones. Contents of Na~+ and Cl~- in roots of 'Torvum Vigor' were higher than those of 'Suqiqie', while content of Na~+ and Cl~- in leaves of 'Torvum Vigor' was lower than those of 'Suqiqie' seedlings. The above results suggested salt tolerance of 'Torvum Vigor' is super to 'Suqiqie'.
2.Growth and photosynthetic characteristics of grafted and own-root eggplant seedlings were studied under 80 mmol·L~(-1) NaCl stress. The results showed that plant growth, contents of chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b, net photosynthetic rate (Pn), transpiration rate (Tr),stomatal conductance (Gs) were significantly decreased and stomata limited value (Ls) was significantly increased by NaCl stress, intercellular CO_2 concentration (Ci) first were decreased and then were increased. NaCl stress had little effect on content of carotenoid in grafted and own-root eggplant seedlings. Under the same stress conditions, Pn, Tr, Gs and contents of photosynthetic pigment in grafted seedlings were significantly higher than those of own-root ones. The growth of grafted seedlings was less affected by NaCl stress than that of own-root ones, which was related to keep higher Pn in grafted seedlings.
3.The following results were obtained. Contents of Na~+ and Cl~- of grafted seedlings were significantly lower than those of own-root seedlings in shoot except in petiole, and they were accumulated in roots of grafted seedlings. Under NaCl stress, grafted seedlings kept high values of K~+/Na~+ and Ca~(2+)/Na~+ in young leaves and roots; selective absorption values of S_(K,Na) and S_(Ca,Na) in roots and selective transport values of S_(K,Na) and S_(Ca,Na) in young leaves of grafted seedlings were significantly higher than those of own-root seedlings. Based on these results, it could be concluded that, mechanisms of salt tolerance of grafted eggplant seedlings were attributed both to accumulation of Na~+ and Cl~- in roots to alleviate the injury effect of salt ions on shoot growth, and to increasing the values of K~+/Na~+ and Ca~(2+)/Na~+ in young leaves and roots by accumulating K~+ and Ca~(2+).
4.The activities of antioxidant enzymes, contents of osmotic adjustment substances and metabolism of reactive oxygen in grafted and own-root eggplant seedlings were investigated. The results showed that NaCl stress significantly reduced superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and increased (?) producing rate, contents of free proline,H_2O_2 and MDA in leaves of both grafted and own-root eggplant seedlings, while peroxidase (POD) and catalase(CAT) activity increased firstly and then decreased. Compared with own-root eggplant seedlings, the grafted seedlings had a higher antioxidant enzymes activities and contents of osmotic adjustment substances and a lower (?) producing rate, contents of H_2O_2 and MDA under NaCl stress. NaCl stress induced lipid peroxidation in leaves of both grafted and own-root eggplant seedlings. However, the grafted seedlings were less affected by NaCl stress than that of own-root seedlings. It was concluded that higher activities of antioxidant enzymes and less oxidative damage might be involved in stronger salt tolerance of grafted eggplant seedlings.
5.The response of the enzymes and metabolites of the ascorbate-glutathione pathway to oxidative stress caused by salt stress was studied under matrix cultivation. The results showed that NaCl stress induced generation of H_2O-2 and accumulation of malondiadehyde(MDA) both in grafted and own-root seedlings. However, contents of MDA and H_2O_2 in leaves of grafted seedlings were significantly less than those that in own-seedlings. Activities of glutathione reductase (GR) and ascorbate-specific peroxidase (APX) in leaves of grafted seedlings were significantly increased whereas own-seedlings decreased under NaCl stress. NaCl stress promoted reduced ascorbic acid (AsA) and reduced glutathione (GSH) synthesis in grafted eggplant seedlings. Contents of AsA and GSH in leaves of grafted seedlings were significantly higher than those in own-seedlings. It was concluded that a more active AsA-GSH cycle may be involved in stronger salt tolerance of grafted eggplant seedlings, which ensures regeneration of AsA and GSH to reduce oxidative damage.
6.Polyamines metabolism and abscisic acid (ABA) content in leaves of grafted and own-root eggplant seedlings were studied. The results showed that plant growth, contents of three forms of polyamines (free, conjugated and bound), and ABA content in grafted seedlings were significantly higher than those in own-root seedlings under NaCl stress. NaCl stress significantly increased contents of spermine (Spm) and ABA in leaves, putrescine (Put) and spermidine (Spd) contents increased then decreased in both grafted and own-root seedlings. However, the reduction of Put and Spd contents in leaves of grafted seedlings was lower than that of own-root seedlings, while the increase of Spm and ABA contents of grafted seedlings was higher than that of own-root seedlings. The polyamine metabolism of grafted seedlings was less affected by NaCl stress than those of own-root seedlings. It was concluded that both the rapid accumulation of ABA and higher polyamine contents might be involved in stronger salt tolerance of grafted eggplant seedlings.
7.Using high-pressure liquid chronatography (HPLC) method, differences in root polyamines metabolism between hydroponically-grown grafted and own-root eggplant seedlings were studied under 80 mmol·L~(-1) NaCl stress. The results showed that contents of free spermidine (Spd), conjugated polyamines in roots of grafted eggplant seedlings were significantly higher than those of own-root seedlings, while contents of free putrescine (Put) and bound polyamines of grafted seedlings were significantly lower than those of own-root seedlings and there was no difference in free spermine (Spm) between grafted and own-root seedlings at 2 d after NaCl treatment. NaCl stress reduced the contents of three forms of polyamines in roots of own-root seedlings at 10 d after NaCl treatment. Whereas, the contents of free Spm, conjugated Put and bound polyamines in roots of grafted seedlings were increased. Polyamine oxidase (PAO) activities were significantly increased under NaCl stress. However, the elevation of PAO in own-root seedlings was higher than that of grafted seedlings. The above results indicated that both accumulation of conjugated polyamine at early stage of stress and higher Spm content at later stage were important to the improvement of salt tolerance in grafted seedlings.
引文
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