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海洋立管系统的应力磁测技术研究
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摘要
随着我国海洋石油天然气工业的发展,越来越多的海洋油气资源被勘探和发现,配套技术的研究迫在眉睫。海上油田开发系统中,立管是一个非常关键的组成部分。海洋立管长期在恶劣的海洋环境中服役,受到各种复杂载荷的综合作用,内部一般有高温、高压的油气流过,顶部有与之相连的浮式平台的运动,底部与海床相互作用,外部承受海洋环境荷载作用,并可能承受冲击荷载、地震荷载等,工作环境恶劣,受力非常复杂,一旦损坏就会造成巨大的损失,因此开展海洋立管系统的安全性、稳定性研究十分必要。
     本文针对海洋立管系统的结构和常见的受力情况,用ansys有限元软件进行了应力分布的模拟,利用基于逆磁致伸缩效应的磁各向异性检测技术,建立了海洋立管应力检测模型,开发研制了应力检测仪器,对立管应力状况进行动态的跟踪,及时发现不安全隐患,以达到提供预测、延长立管使用寿命的目的。本研究取得了以下成果:
     1、立管的损坏大多由应力引起,立管在这种由完好到扭曲、错断直至完全报废的过程中,必然体现出一种应力的变化,正是这种应力的变化直接作用于立管,从而造成了立管的损坏。论文分别讨论了立管径向平面力学模型、轴向剪切力学模型,及其它复杂受力情况下的力学模型。
     2、基于逆磁致伸缩效应的磁各向异性检测技术,研制了有自主知识产权、适用于不同直径的海洋立管应力检测仪器和软件,该检测仪器四个探头将立管剖分成四个区域进行测量,使测量精度更高。
     3、设计并研制了适合海洋立管和检测仪器的扶正器,该扶正器通过调节可伸缩臂的伸缩长度来适应于不同直径的立管检测,且能单独拆卸维修,避免单个臂的损耗导致仪器的整体更换,便于实际应用。
     4、利用研发的磁测仪器对立管的受力进行了三种模拟加载方式的实验研究,并用有限元法对相应的受力状态进行了模拟计算,经过大量的实验,结果表明:该磁测方法具有不需要完全接触、对立管曲率依赖不大、测量精度高的优点,利用该磁测仪器定量评价立管内部的受力状态,可对海洋立管安全状况进行评价和预测。
With the development of China's offshore oil&gas industry, a growing numberof offshore oil and gas resources are explored and discovered, and related technicalresearch is extremely urgent. The marine riser is an important infrastructure inoffshore oil field development system long serving in the harsh marine environment,the marine riser is effected by all kinds of complex loadings. With high-temperatureand high-pressure oil and gas flowing through the internal, the connecting upperfloating platform moving, the bottom interacting with the sea-bed, and the externaleffected by marine environment loadings or even shock loads, earthquake loads etc.The working environment of marine reier is very poor, the stress state is extraordinarycomplicated and once damaged it will cause huge losses. So it is very necesssary toconduct the research of the marine riser system security and stability.
     This paper mainly aimes to study the structure of the marine riser system and itscommon forces. We do the simulation of the stess by the use of ANSYS, establishthe marine riser stress testing model using magnetic anisotropy testing technologybased on inverse magnetostrictive effect, and develope a stress detecting instrumentwhich can currently monitor the situation of riser stress, find unsecurity risks timelyand achieve the goals of providing forecasts and extending the using life of riser. Weachieve the following conclusions:
     1. This papper has discussed the main reasons leading to the damage of marineriser. As most of the riser’s damages are caused by the stress, the process of riser being well to distorted, wrong until scrapped off, necessarily reflects a change instress. It is just this change in the stress works on the riser directly that results to thedamages of the riser. This paper disscussed the riser radial plane mechanical model,axial shear mechanical model, and the mechanical model under oher complex load.
     2. Based on the magnetic anisotropy testing technology of inversemagnetostrictive effect, we have developed the instrumentation and software withintellectual property rights. The test apparatus can be applied to risers with differentdiameters. The riser will be partitioned into four regions measured by four probes,which acquire a higher measurement accuracy.
     3. We design and develope the centralizer which is suitable for the marine riserand the instrumentation. The centralizer can be scalable by adjusting the telescopicarm length to accommodate testing of risers with different diameters, and can beseparately diamantled and maintained to avoid the loss of a single arm leading toreplacement of the whole instrument which is practicaly applicated.
     4. Using our own equipment, we execute the experimental study of the stresswithholded by riser in three different ways of simulated loading and thecorresponding stress state were simulated by finite element method. After a numberof experiments the results show that magnetic survey method has many advantages,not needing full contact, not much dependent on thickness and curvature, and the highmeasurement accuracy. Using the magnetic measuring instruments to quantitativelyevaluate the stress state of internal riser, we can conduct evaluation and predictionabout the status of the marine riser safety.
引文
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