芯块几何尺寸、密度综合测量方法研究
摘要
中国的核燃料制造业正面临着严峻的挑战，传统的落后的检测手段已经不能满足大规模生产的需要，因此必须对现行的检测手段进行自动化改造。核燃料芯块的检测对保证核燃料芯块质量至关重要，所以将自动检测技术引入到核燃料芯块现场检测是可靠保证芯块质量，使其向信息化方向发展的关键，也是可持续发展的重要保障。我国对这一领域的发展要求极其迫切，所以对它进行研究是非常必要的，具有重要的实用意义。
该论文是受企业委托，对核燃料芯块几何尺寸、几何密度的检测现状进行了详细的调研，研制出一套高精度、稳定、可靠的核燃料芯块几何参数、密度检测系统，使其能在实际的应用中提高芯块几何参数检测精度，更好的控制核燃料芯块的生产质量，为安全的利用核能提供可靠的保障。
该论文首先根据国内外核电利用的现状分析了核燃料生产国产化对核电发展的重要意义，阐述了核燃料芯块的高精度检测对保证生产高质量核燃料芯块的必要性。然后，从测量的基本原理出发，对被测芯块的各被测参数进行仔细分析，该文提出了一种模块化的，基于计算机数据采集处理技术和数据库技术的，接触测量和非接触测量相结合的方法，将参数特性相近、测量方法相同的参数归结为同一测量模块对其进行测量。该文对各测量模块的测量方案进行了详细的论证和设计，包括直径高度接触式测量模块、质量接触式测量模块、碟形深度接触式测量模块、倒角肩宽碟宽非接触式测量模块、垂直度接触式测量模块以及数据采集模块的设计。设计完成后，该文对各测量模块进行了详尽的精度分析，通过各参数对系统精度的影响进行了误差分配。对误差产生的原因，在各模块的设计中尽量予以补偿。最后，该文对实验数据进行了分析处理，对整个测量系统的精度进行了验证。
该论文还介绍了作者开发的芯块测量软件系统。该软件系统由数据采集软件和数据管理软件构成。其中数据采集软件实现了各模块数据的正确采集，数据管理软件实现了数据的可靠存储，复杂报表的生成。
整个芯块几何参数、密度测量系统经过模拟实验测试，完全达到了设计指标的要求。该测量系统已用于生产现场实测，深得用户好评。该系统的研制成功，填补了我国在这一领域的空白，具有重要的实用意义和推广价值。
Chinese nuclear fuel manufacture is confronting with a flinty challenge. The traditional and unenlightened inspection method can not already meet mass production so that the present method must be reformed. The measurement of nuclear fuel pellet is extremely important to ensure the pellet's quality. So advanced measuring techniques and control automation are extremely needed in this field, so, it is very necessary and practical significance to make related research work.
The thesis is found by a industry project. Detailed investigation about the present status of geometrical dimension and density inspection is made, then a new measurement system of high accuracy and reliability is developed. The instrument can improve the measurement accuracy in order to control the pellet's manufacture quality and ensure using nuclear energy safely.
Firstly, based on the present status of using nuclear energy in the world, this thesis analyses the significance of developing nuclear power plant and discusses the necessity of high accuracy inspection that ensure the pellet's quality. Secondly, the author put forward a modularization contacting and non-contacting method, which is based upon the data acquisition and disposal technique and database technique, after the pellet's parameters are analysised carefully. All parameters are sorted into different measure modules by its characteristic and measurement method. Detailed demonstrations and designs for each module's scheme are given, including diameter and length contacting module, mass contacting module, dishing depth contacting module, photoelectric microscope non-contacting module, verticality contacting module and data acquisition module. After design, strict accuracy analyses for each measuring module are given. According to the result, errors are dispensed to each measure module. These errors are compensated in design. In the end, the author analyzes the experimental data and validate the accuracy of instrument.
Also, the thesis introduce the Pellet Measurement Software which developed by the author. The software system is consist of data acquisition module and database management module. The former acquire testing data exactly. The latter put data into database and build complicated report forms.
The geometrical dimension and density measurement instrument is tested through simulative experiment. Accuracy of this instrument in the measurement of
dimensions and density of pellet satisfies the design specifications. Now the instrument is on-line in the factory workshop, receiving a high appraise from the users. The manufacture of this instrument fills up the vacancy of this field in our country.
该论文是受企业委托，对核燃料芯块几何尺寸、几何密度的检测现状进行了详细的调研，研制出一套高精度、稳定、可靠的核燃料芯块几何参数、密度检测系统，使其能在实际的应用中提高芯块几何参数检测精度，更好的控制核燃料芯块的生产质量，为安全的利用核能提供可靠的保障。
该论文首先根据国内外核电利用的现状分析了核燃料生产国产化对核电发展的重要意义，阐述了核燃料芯块的高精度检测对保证生产高质量核燃料芯块的必要性。然后，从测量的基本原理出发，对被测芯块的各被测参数进行仔细分析，该文提出了一种模块化的，基于计算机数据采集处理技术和数据库技术的，接触测量和非接触测量相结合的方法，将参数特性相近、测量方法相同的参数归结为同一测量模块对其进行测量。该文对各测量模块的测量方案进行了详细的论证和设计，包括直径高度接触式测量模块、质量接触式测量模块、碟形深度接触式测量模块、倒角肩宽碟宽非接触式测量模块、垂直度接触式测量模块以及数据采集模块的设计。设计完成后，该文对各测量模块进行了详尽的精度分析，通过各参数对系统精度的影响进行了误差分配。对误差产生的原因，在各模块的设计中尽量予以补偿。最后，该文对实验数据进行了分析处理，对整个测量系统的精度进行了验证。
该论文还介绍了作者开发的芯块测量软件系统。该软件系统由数据采集软件和数据管理软件构成。其中数据采集软件实现了各模块数据的正确采集，数据管理软件实现了数据的可靠存储，复杂报表的生成。
整个芯块几何参数、密度测量系统经过模拟实验测试，完全达到了设计指标的要求。该测量系统已用于生产现场实测，深得用户好评。该系统的研制成功，填补了我国在这一领域的空白，具有重要的实用意义和推广价值。
Chinese nuclear fuel manufacture is confronting with a flinty challenge. The traditional and unenlightened inspection method can not already meet mass production so that the present method must be reformed. The measurement of nuclear fuel pellet is extremely important to ensure the pellet's quality. So advanced measuring techniques and control automation are extremely needed in this field, so, it is very necessary and practical significance to make related research work.
The thesis is found by a industry project. Detailed investigation about the present status of geometrical dimension and density inspection is made, then a new measurement system of high accuracy and reliability is developed. The instrument can improve the measurement accuracy in order to control the pellet's manufacture quality and ensure using nuclear energy safely.
Firstly, based on the present status of using nuclear energy in the world, this thesis analyses the significance of developing nuclear power plant and discusses the necessity of high accuracy inspection that ensure the pellet's quality. Secondly, the author put forward a modularization contacting and non-contacting method, which is based upon the data acquisition and disposal technique and database technique, after the pellet's parameters are analysised carefully. All parameters are sorted into different measure modules by its characteristic and measurement method. Detailed demonstrations and designs for each module's scheme are given, including diameter and length contacting module, mass contacting module, dishing depth contacting module, photoelectric microscope non-contacting module, verticality contacting module and data acquisition module. After design, strict accuracy analyses for each measuring module are given. According to the result, errors are dispensed to each measure module. These errors are compensated in design. In the end, the author analyzes the experimental data and validate the accuracy of instrument.
Also, the thesis introduce the Pellet Measurement Software which developed by the author. The software system is consist of data acquisition module and database management module. The former acquire testing data exactly. The latter put data into database and build complicated report forms.
The geometrical dimension and density measurement instrument is tested through simulative experiment. Accuracy of this instrument in the measurement of
dimensions and density of pellet satisfies the design specifications. Now the instrument is on-line in the factory workshop, receiving a high appraise from the users. The manufacture of this instrument fills up the vacancy of this field in our country.
引文
[1] Kang Rixin , Zhang Shucheng, Chen Dianshan. Comprehensive in-pile test of PWR fuel bundle. Journal of Nuclear Materials. v 178, n 2-3, Feb, 1991. 227-233
[2] Armando C Marino, Luis Juanic6,Daniel O. Brasnarof. CARA FUEL: MODELING, DESIGN AND EXPERIMENTAL SUPPORT
[3] The Nuclear Installations Inspectorate of the HSE. An Investigation into the Falsification of Pellet Diameter Data in the MOX Demonstration Facility at the BNFL Sellafield Site and the Effect of this on the Safety of MOX Fuel in Use. The HSE website.18th February 2000
[4] Deng J.S, Zhang L, Zhu Y.M., Luo M.X., Wang S.B.. On-line measurement of pellet diameter using laser scanning method. Yingyong Jiguang/Applied Laser Technology. v 21, n 3, June, 2001, 180
[5] Yanai K., Hirai M., Ishikawa T., Ishizaki J., Saitoh H.. Analysis of density distribution in UO2 green pellet by finite element method. Journal of Nuclear Materials. v 257, n 3, Dec, 1998, 318-330
[6] BARC Newsletter. Density Measurement Station. Nuclear India. Published by Department of Atomic Energy Government of India .Vol. 35/No.3-4/Sep-Oct. 2001
[7] Walton H., Hale J.M.. On-line measurement of oxide fuel pellets for process control. Journal of Nuclear Materials. v 178, n 2-3, Feb, 1991. 245-248
[8] Strasser A.A.. Nuclear fuel quality control. What is missing?. Journal of Nuclear Materials. v 178, n 2-3, Feb, 1991. 331-335
[9] Bairiot H., Deramaix P., Mostin N., Trauwaert E., Vanderborck Y.. Foundations for the definition of MOX fuel quality requirements. Journal of Nuclear Materials. v 178, n 2-3, Feb, 1991. 187-194
[10] 王名福.芯块密度测试技术研究.重庆大学硕士学位论文.2000
[11] 李柱.互换性与测量技术基础.上册.计量出版社.1984
[12] 甘永元.形状和位置误差检测.国防工业出版社.1995
[13] 谢诚.检验夹具设计.机械工业出版社.2000
[14] 西安工业学院.几何量测量.西安工业学院出版社.1997
[15] 陈林才，张鄂.精密仪器设计.机械工业出版社.1990
[16] 罗先和，张广军，骆飞，宋育东.光电检测技术.北京航空航天大学出版社.1995
[17] 强锡富.传感器.机械工业出版社.1996
Dams W., Baumann R., Hanel I., Happ B., Heins L.. Fabrication of UO2 fuels with non-destructive assay and rod scanner technology for production and final quality control.
[18] Journal of Nuclear Materials. v 178, n 2-3, Feb, 1991. 171-178
[19] Nocetti C.A., Rodriguez J.G., Muhling G.. Quality control in the fabrication of prototype nuclear fuel in Mexico. Journal of Nuclear Materials. v 178, n 2-3, Feb, 1991. 158-162
[20] 梁长垠.单片机在光栅位移检测中的应用. .计算机自动测量与控制.2001.9(5).10～11
[21] 丘红兵，韩峰.Visual C++在异步串行通信控制中的应用.计算机自动测量与控制.1999.7(4).47～49
[22] 李现勇.Visual C++串口通信技术与工程实践.人民邮电出版社.2002
[23] 王险峰，刘宝宏.Windows环境下的多线程编程原理与应用.清华大学出版社.2002
[24] 潘爱民，王国印译.Visual C++技术内幕.David J.Kruglinski著.清华大学出版社.1998
[25] 王辉.精通Visual C＋＋6.0.电子工业出版社.1999
[26] 郭付军，林军.面向对象的可视化语言环境下串行通信的实现.工业控制计算机.2001年14卷第8期10～13
[27] 张雄飞，方方.Windows平台下数据采集串口通讯的实现.计算机自动测量与控制.2001.9(3).66～68
[28] 夏临闽，黄飞，胡仁杰.API函数和MSComm32控件在串行通讯中的应用比较.工业控制计算机.2001年14卷第4期24～26
[29] Fritz M. Interfacing an electronic balance through the RS232 serial port using the double prime C double prime programming language. Proceedings of the 1997 Conference Symposium & Workshop on Measurement Science. Jan 23-24 1997
[30] Wang Cheng-hu, Yang Zi-jie, Wen Bi-yang, Cheng Feng. Serial communications programming in Windows95 with API functions. Wuhan University Journal of Natural Sciences, v 5, n 3, Sep, 2000. 323-328
[31] 李博轩.Visual C++6.0数据库开发指南.清华大学出版社.2001
[32] 李闽溟，吴继刚，周学明. Visual C++6.0数据库系统开发实例导航.人民邮电出版社.2002
[33] McAvoy, Tom. Open database connectivity (ODBC) and the human machine interface (HMI) database. ISA TECH/EXPO Technology Update Conference Proceedings. v 1, n 1, Automation and Control Issues and Solutions, 1997. 163-172
[34] Zhou Junlong, Chen Liping, Guo Bingyan, Zhou Ji. ODBC technology in engineering database. Jisuanji Gongcheng/Computer Engineering. v 24, n 8, 1998. 39-41
[35] 费业泰.误差理论与数据处理.机械工业出版社.1987
[2] Armando C Marino, Luis Juanic6,Daniel O. Brasnarof. CARA FUEL: MODELING, DESIGN AND EXPERIMENTAL SUPPORT
[3] The Nuclear Installations Inspectorate of the HSE. An Investigation into the Falsification of Pellet Diameter Data in the MOX Demonstration Facility at the BNFL Sellafield Site and the Effect of this on the Safety of MOX Fuel in Use. The HSE website.18th February 2000
[4] Deng J.S, Zhang L, Zhu Y.M., Luo M.X., Wang S.B.. On-line measurement of pellet diameter using laser scanning method. Yingyong Jiguang/Applied Laser Technology. v 21, n 3, June, 2001, 180
[5] Yanai K., Hirai M., Ishikawa T., Ishizaki J., Saitoh H.. Analysis of density distribution in UO2 green pellet by finite element method. Journal of Nuclear Materials. v 257, n 3, Dec, 1998, 318-330
[6] BARC Newsletter. Density Measurement Station. Nuclear India. Published by Department of Atomic Energy Government of India .Vol. 35/No.3-4/Sep-Oct. 2001
[7] Walton H., Hale J.M.. On-line measurement of oxide fuel pellets for process control. Journal of Nuclear Materials. v 178, n 2-3, Feb, 1991. 245-248
[8] Strasser A.A.. Nuclear fuel quality control. What is missing?. Journal of Nuclear Materials. v 178, n 2-3, Feb, 1991. 331-335
[9] Bairiot H., Deramaix P., Mostin N., Trauwaert E., Vanderborck Y.. Foundations for the definition of MOX fuel quality requirements. Journal of Nuclear Materials. v 178, n 2-3, Feb, 1991. 187-194
[10] 王名福.芯块密度测试技术研究.重庆大学硕士学位论文.2000
[11] 李柱.互换性与测量技术基础.上册.计量出版社.1984
[12] 甘永元.形状和位置误差检测.国防工业出版社.1995
[13] 谢诚.检验夹具设计.机械工业出版社.2000
[14] 西安工业学院.几何量测量.西安工业学院出版社.1997
[15] 陈林才，张鄂.精密仪器设计.机械工业出版社.1990
[16] 罗先和，张广军，骆飞，宋育东.光电检测技术.北京航空航天大学出版社.1995
[17] 强锡富.传感器.机械工业出版社.1996
Dams W., Baumann R., Hanel I., Happ B., Heins L.. Fabrication of UO2 fuels with non-destructive assay and rod scanner technology for production and final quality control.
[18] Journal of Nuclear Materials. v 178, n 2-3, Feb, 1991. 171-178
[19] Nocetti C.A., Rodriguez J.G., Muhling G.. Quality control in the fabrication of prototype nuclear fuel in Mexico. Journal of Nuclear Materials. v 178, n 2-3, Feb, 1991. 158-162
[20] 梁长垠.单片机在光栅位移检测中的应用. .计算机自动测量与控制.2001.9(5).10～11
[21] 丘红兵，韩峰.Visual C++在异步串行通信控制中的应用.计算机自动测量与控制.1999.7(4).47～49
[22] 李现勇.Visual C++串口通信技术与工程实践.人民邮电出版社.2002
[23] 王险峰，刘宝宏.Windows环境下的多线程编程原理与应用.清华大学出版社.2002
[24] 潘爱民，王国印译.Visual C++技术内幕.David J.Kruglinski著.清华大学出版社.1998
[25] 王辉.精通Visual C＋＋6.0.电子工业出版社.1999
[26] 郭付军，林军.面向对象的可视化语言环境下串行通信的实现.工业控制计算机.2001年14卷第8期10～13
[27] 张雄飞，方方.Windows平台下数据采集串口通讯的实现.计算机自动测量与控制.2001.9(3).66～68
[28] 夏临闽，黄飞，胡仁杰.API函数和MSComm32控件在串行通讯中的应用比较.工业控制计算机.2001年14卷第4期24～26
[29] Fritz M. Interfacing an electronic balance through the RS232 serial port using the double prime C double prime programming language. Proceedings of the 1997 Conference Symposium & Workshop on Measurement Science. Jan 23-24 1997
[30] Wang Cheng-hu, Yang Zi-jie, Wen Bi-yang, Cheng Feng. Serial communications programming in Windows95 with API functions. Wuhan University Journal of Natural Sciences, v 5, n 3, Sep, 2000. 323-328
[31] 李博轩.Visual C++6.0数据库开发指南.清华大学出版社.2001
[32] 李闽溟，吴继刚，周学明. Visual C++6.0数据库系统开发实例导航.人民邮电出版社.2002
[33] McAvoy, Tom. Open database connectivity (ODBC) and the human machine interface (HMI) database. ISA TECH/EXPO Technology Update Conference Proceedings. v 1, n 1, Automation and Control Issues and Solutions, 1997. 163-172
[34] Zhou Junlong, Chen Liping, Guo Bingyan, Zhou Ji. ODBC technology in engineering database. Jisuanji Gongcheng/Computer Engineering. v 24, n 8, 1998. 39-41
[35] 费业泰.误差理论与数据处理.机械工业出版社.1987