基于磁流变液的光电传感技术研究
摘要
磁流变液（MRF）是一种优秀的智能流体材料，由磁性粒子、基液以及添加剂组成。在无外磁场状态下，磁流变液呈现良好流动性的液体状态；在外加磁场作用下可在短时间（毫秒级）呈现类似固体的状态。磁流变液的这种特性已被广泛应用于航空、汽车、桥梁工程的阻尼控制。作为智能材料的一种，磁流变液的这种特性在智能传感技术中有着广泛的发展前景。目前，磁流变液流体特性、阻尼特性已被广泛研究，但其电磁学特性相对来说研究进展缓慢，本文将研究磁流变液电感特性以及磁流变液磁致伸缩效应。鉴于磁流变液的优良特性，本文还将研究基于磁流变液的智能传感技术。
本研究报告主要由两大部分构成：一是磁流变电感以及磁流变液磁致伸缩效应研究；二是磁流变液传感技术研究。主要研究内容包括：
1）、研究磁流变液电感特性，本文用磁流变液和电感线圈构成磁流变电感，推导了磁流变电感的计算公式，设计实验测试了磁流变电感随外磁场以及温度的变化规律，并从理论上对实验现象进行了分析。为磁流变电感在电子测量以及传感技术中的智能控制提供了一种依据。
2）、研究磁流变液磁致伸缩效应，设计了磁流变液磁致伸缩效应检测装置，运用光学干涉测量方法高精度的测量了磁流变液的磁致伸缩效应，为磁流变液磁致伸缩效应在智能传感技术中的应用提供了重要依据。
3）、研究基于磁流变液的加速度传感器，设计了基于磁流变液的加速度传感器，对该传感器进行了仿真分析，结果表明该传感器可实现不同量程的加速度的高精度检测。
4）、研究基于磁流变液的自适应光学平台，利用磁流变液的逆磁致伸缩效应对光学平台是否平衡作出判断，原理简单，可以迅速、准确的对平台是否平衡做出判断。如果平台不平衡，通过运算即可得到光学平台倾斜的角度。
5）、研究基于磁流变液的抗振模型，提出了基于压电陶瓷与磁流变液的双层隔振模型。通过对该模型进行理论建模分析和仿真，得到该模型不但对高频振动具有隔振效果，而且对低频、超低频微振幅干扰有很好的隔振效果。
Magnetorheological fluid is a kind of excellent intelligent fluid materials which ismade of the magnetic particles, the liquid and additives composition. Without externalmagnetic field, magnetorheological fluid presents good liquidity of the liquid state; Inthe state of magnetic field,it will presents solid state in a short time (millisecondtimescale).The character of Magnetorheological fluid has been widely used in aviation,automotive, bridge engineering and damping control. As a kind of intelligent materials,the character of MRF has broad development prospects in intelligent sensingtechnology. At present, the magnetorheological fluid's flow character and dampingcharacter have been widely studied, but the electromagnetism characteristics of MRFare relatively researched slowly. In this paper, we will study the inductance characterof magnetorheological fluid and its magnetostrictive effect. In view of MRF’s goodcharacteristic, this paper will also study the sensing technology and control technologybased on the intelligence of MRF.
This paper is made of two components: one is the research of magnetorheologicalinductance and MRF's magnetostrictive effect, the other is the research ofmagnetorheological fluid sensing technology. The main research contents is as follows:
One, we will research magnetorheological fluid inductance character. In thisarticle, we devised magnetorheological inductance with the magnetorheological fluidand inductance coil, deduced the magnetorheological inductance formula, designedexperiments testing the changing of magnetorheological inductance in the externalmagnetic field and the temperature, and analyzed the phenomenon of the experiment intheory. We provided a basis for the magnetic fluid inductance's application inelectronic measurement and sensing technology.
Two, we will research the magnetostrictive effect of magnetorheological fluid. Wedesigned detection device of MRF's magnetostrictive effect, measured MRFmagnetostrictive effect using optical interference measuring method with highprecision, and provided a basis for the magnetic fluid inductance's application for MRFmagnetostrictive effect in intelligent sensing technology.
Three, we will research MRF acceleration sensor based on magnetorheological fluid. We designed MRF acceleration sensor and the simulation analysis showed thatthe sensor can realize high precision testing of the different range of the acceleration.
Four, we will study on adaptive optics platform based on MRF,by using MRFinverse magnetostrictive effect on optical platform we can judge whether the platformisfastigiate simplely and quickly.If platform is not balanced, we can get opticalplatform declining Angle through the operation.
Five, we will research ant-vibration model based MRF. In this paper we used thecontrollable character of magnetorheological fluid shear strength, using piezoelectricceramics as actuator, put forward double isolation model based on the piezoelectricceramics and magnetorheological fluid. Through the theoretical analysis we arrival ata conclusion that the model has a good Isolation effect on both high frequencyvibration and low frequency vibration especially ultralow frequency vibration.
本研究报告主要由两大部分构成：一是磁流变电感以及磁流变液磁致伸缩效应研究；二是磁流变液传感技术研究。主要研究内容包括：
1）、研究磁流变液电感特性，本文用磁流变液和电感线圈构成磁流变电感，推导了磁流变电感的计算公式，设计实验测试了磁流变电感随外磁场以及温度的变化规律，并从理论上对实验现象进行了分析。为磁流变电感在电子测量以及传感技术中的智能控制提供了一种依据。
2）、研究磁流变液磁致伸缩效应，设计了磁流变液磁致伸缩效应检测装置，运用光学干涉测量方法高精度的测量了磁流变液的磁致伸缩效应，为磁流变液磁致伸缩效应在智能传感技术中的应用提供了重要依据。
3）、研究基于磁流变液的加速度传感器，设计了基于磁流变液的加速度传感器，对该传感器进行了仿真分析，结果表明该传感器可实现不同量程的加速度的高精度检测。
4）、研究基于磁流变液的自适应光学平台，利用磁流变液的逆磁致伸缩效应对光学平台是否平衡作出判断，原理简单，可以迅速、准确的对平台是否平衡做出判断。如果平台不平衡，通过运算即可得到光学平台倾斜的角度。
5）、研究基于磁流变液的抗振模型，提出了基于压电陶瓷与磁流变液的双层隔振模型。通过对该模型进行理论建模分析和仿真，得到该模型不但对高频振动具有隔振效果，而且对低频、超低频微振幅干扰有很好的隔振效果。
Magnetorheological fluid is a kind of excellent intelligent fluid materials which ismade of the magnetic particles, the liquid and additives composition. Without externalmagnetic field, magnetorheological fluid presents good liquidity of the liquid state; Inthe state of magnetic field,it will presents solid state in a short time (millisecondtimescale).The character of Magnetorheological fluid has been widely used in aviation,automotive, bridge engineering and damping control. As a kind of intelligent materials,the character of MRF has broad development prospects in intelligent sensingtechnology. At present, the magnetorheological fluid's flow character and dampingcharacter have been widely studied, but the electromagnetism characteristics of MRFare relatively researched slowly. In this paper, we will study the inductance characterof magnetorheological fluid and its magnetostrictive effect. In view of MRF’s goodcharacteristic, this paper will also study the sensing technology and control technologybased on the intelligence of MRF.
This paper is made of two components: one is the research of magnetorheologicalinductance and MRF's magnetostrictive effect, the other is the research ofmagnetorheological fluid sensing technology. The main research contents is as follows:
One, we will research magnetorheological fluid inductance character. In thisarticle, we devised magnetorheological inductance with the magnetorheological fluidand inductance coil, deduced the magnetorheological inductance formula, designedexperiments testing the changing of magnetorheological inductance in the externalmagnetic field and the temperature, and analyzed the phenomenon of the experiment intheory. We provided a basis for the magnetic fluid inductance's application inelectronic measurement and sensing technology.
Two, we will research the magnetostrictive effect of magnetorheological fluid. Wedesigned detection device of MRF's magnetostrictive effect, measured MRFmagnetostrictive effect using optical interference measuring method with highprecision, and provided a basis for the magnetic fluid inductance's application for MRFmagnetostrictive effect in intelligent sensing technology.
Three, we will research MRF acceleration sensor based on magnetorheological fluid. We designed MRF acceleration sensor and the simulation analysis showed thatthe sensor can realize high precision testing of the different range of the acceleration.
Four, we will study on adaptive optics platform based on MRF,by using MRFinverse magnetostrictive effect on optical platform we can judge whether the platformisfastigiate simplely and quickly.If platform is not balanced, we can get opticalplatform declining Angle through the operation.
Five, we will research ant-vibration model based MRF. In this paper we used thecontrollable character of magnetorheological fluid shear strength, using piezoelectricceramics as actuator, put forward double isolation model based on the piezoelectricceramics and magnetorheological fluid. Through the theoretical analysis we arrival ata conclusion that the model has a good Isolation effect on both high frequencyvibration and low frequency vibration especially ultralow frequency vibration.
引文
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[2]Ginder JM.Behavior of magnetodteological fluids[[J].MRS Bulletin,1998,23(8):26-29.
[3]贾永枢,周孔亢.车用磁流变液流变特性分析及试验[J].机械工程学报,2009,45（6）：246-250.
[4]唐龙,刘奇等.磁流变液动密封实验研究[J].功能材料,2008,11（39）：1793-1798.
[5]Ginder, et al.Shear Stress in Magnetorheological Fluids[J]. Applied PhysicsLetters,1994,65:3410—3418.
[6] Winslow W M．Method and Means for Translating Electrical Impulse into M echanicalForce．U.S.Patent No.2,117850.197.
[7]朱应顺,龚兴隆等.磁流变液剪切屈服应力的数值分析[J].中国矿业大学学报,2006,35（4）：498-503.
[8]黄金,李慰立等.磁流变液无极变速器的原理[J].西南师范大学学报,2001,26（3）：284-287.
[9] Coulter, et al.Application of Electrorheological Materials in VibrationControl[C]. Proc.2nd Int. Conf. On ER Fluid,(Raleigh, Nc),1989.
[10] Shulman, et al. Structure Physical Properties and Dynamics of MagnetorheologicalSuspensions[J]. Int. J. Mutiphase Flow,1986,12(6):935-955.
[11] Kordonsky. Elements and Devices Based on Magnetorheological Effect[J]. J. ofIntel. Meter. Stru.1993,4:65-69.
[12] Jolly, M. R., et al.AModel of the Behavior of Magnetorheological Materials[J]. Smart Mater.Strut.1996,3(5):607—614.
[13] Ralf Bolter, et al. Design Rules for MR Fluid Actuators in Different WorkingModes[C]. SPIE,1997, Vol.3045:148-159.
[14] Ashour, et al. Manufacturing and Characterization of MagnetorheologicalFluids[C]. SPIE,1997, Vol.3040:174—184.
[15]李发胜,张平.抛光用磁流变液的研究[J].功能材料,2006,8（37）：1187-1190.
[16]田玲,王炎玉等.新型磁流变液体阻尼器的设计[J].桂林工学院学报,2007,27（2）：270-273.
[17]Carlson JD,Weiss K D.A Growing Attraction to Magnetic Fluids[J].MachineDesign,1994,8:61-65.
[18]M.Laun, Kormann, Willenbacher.Rheometry on Magnetorheological Fluids[J].Rheologica Acta,1996,35:417-423.
[19]Bossis G,Khuzir P, Lacis S. Yield behavior of magnetodteological suspensions[J].Magnetism and Magnetic Materials.2003,258-259.
[20]Kormarnn, Laun, Richter. MR fluids with nano-sized magnetic parti-cles[J].International Journal of Modern Physics B,1996,10:3167-3172.
[21]Jolly MR,Carlson JD,Munoz BC,et a1.The magnetoviscoelastic response of elastomercomp-osites consisting of ferrous particles embedded in a polymer matrix[J].Journalof intelligent material systems and structures,1996,7:613-622.
[22]Lokander,Stenberg. Improving the magnetorheological effect in isotropicmagnetorheo-logical rubber materials[J].Polymer testing,2003,22:677-680.
[23]Gong XL,Zhang XZ,Zhang PQ.Fabrication and characterization of isotropicmagnetorheologi-cal elastomers[J].Polymer testing,2005,24:669-676.
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