断层共生裂缝系统的发育规律及分布评价
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摘要
油藏中天然裂缝的发育往往决定了油气的分布规律、影响油气在油气藏开发中的渗流特征,因此天然裂缝的特征、成因及分布规律研究对裂缝性油气藏勘探开发意义重大。从国内外多年来有关裂缝研究工作可知,裂缝的成因异常复杂,受控因素众多,研究难度大。在众多成因类型的裂缝中,与断层相关的断层共生裂缝前人已做过一些研究,取得了一些认识,但缺乏系统性和对其定量化分布评价的方法。文中以阿曼Daleel油田UPPER SHUAIBA组储层中典型的断层共生裂缝为例开展了系统和定量化研究,为断层共生裂缝系统的研究提供了新的研究思路和方法。
论文充分结合研究区地质背景,从岩心观察、薄片鉴定入手对裂缝进行了细致和系统的描述和统计,重点对单井的裂缝走向、裂缝倾角及裂缝参数等进行了系统地总结,分析了裂缝发育特征、研究区构造与地应力场的演化,讨论了断层共生裂缝的力学机理与破裂特征。由于裂缝的发育与断层的发育密不可分,断层的识别是断层共生裂缝研究的基础,本文尝试采用谱分解技术将地震资料从时间域转换到频率域,以单井钻遇断层作为验证条件,在优势频带内分别利用低频率相位数据体和高频率相位数据体进行了大断层和小断层的识别。裂缝单井识别是本文研究的重点,也是裂缝分布评价的关键,其识别技术方法采用了水平井的成像测井和直井常规测井资料进行,根据成像测井的影像特征识别出了连续高导裂缝、不连续高导裂缝、连续高阻裂缝、不连续高阻裂缝,并对裂缝的产状、参数进行了相关计算。通过常规测井对裂缝响应特征的分析,研究区有效裂缝往往表现为密度低、高中子孔隙度、高声波时差、高深浅侧向电阻率幅度差,考虑到非裂缝因素对常规测井的影响,往往不能靠单一测井系列、单一方法达到对裂缝有效的识别,文中通过深浅双侧向测井计算了裂缝孔隙度、宽度参数,应用判别分析建立了多测井系列裂缝识别的判别函数,应用R/S分析方法计算了井段的分形分维数,最后结合岩心裂缝特征综合建立了基于常规测井的综合裂缝识别标准。裂缝分布研究是基于裂缝密度来进行的,通过抽取了20条典型断层,对其附近不同距离的钻井进行了裂缝识别和裂缝密度计算,建立了断层附近裂缝发育的密度函数,并按照函数类型进行归类,最终按照断层规模(断层长度)建立了大、中、小断层控制的裂缝密度函数。根据断层对裂缝密度的控制函数,设计了相关计算方法,编制了计算程序,对研究区目的层段裂缝密度进行了计算,完成了对裂缝的分布预测。最后通过所有单井裂缝识别成果、生产动态所反映出的裂缝特征对研究区裂缝发育规律的认识和分布预测结果进行了验证和评价。
论文在对断层共生裂缝系统性研究、定量化评价思路与方法建立方面做了一些探索性工作,并且将研究成果与地质、测井、生产等各项资料所反映的实际裂缝特征相结合,研究成果对研究区目的层各断块的开发具有指导意义,研究成果对于目前注水开发中所出现问题的综合治理以及后续投产含油断块的开发方案编制提供可靠的依据。
The development of natural fracture in reservoir often decide the distribution of oil and gas, impact the filtrate characteristics of oil and gas development, so the study of natural fracture’s characteristics, causes and distribution have great significance to fracture reservoir exploration and development. From domestic and abroad previous research work on the fracture, the causes of the fracture is very complex, be controlled by many factors, and very difficult. The causes of the many types of fracture, the symbiotic fracture which related with fault have done some research by predecessor, received some awareness, but it is lack of systematic and quantitative evaluation of the distribution. Text to UPPER SHUAIBA formation, Daleel Oilfield, Oman reservoir an example, carry out the typical fault symbiotic fracture studies, provide reference and inspiration for the fault symbiotic fracture zone study
This paper is fully integrated geological background of the study area, first of all, through the core and core thin, the fracture was observed, described and been statistic, and combined with single-well analysis of fracture direction, inclination and parameters, summarized the fracture characteristics of the study area systematically. Combining the study area’s fracture development characteristics and the evolution of the tectonic and stress field, were analysis and comparison of fault fracture symbiotic mechanism and the breakdown characteristics, recognized that the fracture was controlled by the fault, is fault symbiotic fracture. Fault identification is the premise of fault symbiotic fracture study, through the use of spectral decomposition of seismic data converted from time domain to frequency domain, according a single well drilling meeting fault as valid condition, in the band edge, respectively, the use of low-frequency phase data and high - frequency phase data for a large body of small faults and fault identification. Identification of fracture in a single well is often the focus of the fracture study, but also the key to the evaluation of fracture distribution, mainly to take a horizontal well logging and imaging of conventional vertical well log data to identify fracture. According to the image features by imaging logging ,it recognized continuous high conductivity fracture, non-continuous high conductivity fracture, continuous high resistant fracture, non-continuous high resistant fracture, and calculated the relevant fracture occurrence and parameters. Through the analysis of conventional logging response to the fracture, the study area fracture is often manifested that low effective density, high neutron porosity, high-acoustic, high-resistivity range of the depth of the lateral deviation, but because of non-fracture on the impact of conventional logging, the effective identification of fracture often could not rely on a single logging series, a single method; therefore fracture porosity, width parameters are calculated by dual laterolog in text. Applied identification analysis to establish fracture identification function by a series of logging to identify, applied R / S analysis method to calculate fractal Well fractal dimension, and finally, combined the integrated characteristics of core fracture to establish conventional logging standard to identify fracture. Fracture distribution is carried out based on the fracture density, through the samples of 20 typical fault, identified the fracture and calculated its density of the vicinal drilling well, established the fracture density function near the fault, and classified in accordance with the function type, and ultimately according to the fault scale (fault length) established large, medium and small fault-controlled fracture density function. In accordance with the fault density of fracture in the control function, designed relevant calculation method, developed a computer program, calculated to the intended layer’s fracture density in study area, completed the distribution of fracture forecast. Finally, through all the fracture identify results of single well and the production reflects to the dynamic characteristics, verified and evaluated the understanding of the law of fracture development and the fracture predicting distribution in the study area.
In this paper, some exploratory works have been done to the fault symbiotic fracture’s systematic research, ideas and methods of quantitative evaluation establishment. And attend to combine the research results with the geology, well logging, production data, etc., which reflects the characteristics of the actual fracture. Research results have guiding significance to the block layer’s development of study area. Especially, provide a practical basis to the comprehensive management about the current development water-injection problems and the follow-up oil block’s development programming.
论文充分结合研究区地质背景,从岩心观察、薄片鉴定入手对裂缝进行了细致和系统的描述和统计,重点对单井的裂缝走向、裂缝倾角及裂缝参数等进行了系统地总结,分析了裂缝发育特征、研究区构造与地应力场的演化,讨论了断层共生裂缝的力学机理与破裂特征。由于裂缝的发育与断层的发育密不可分,断层的识别是断层共生裂缝研究的基础,本文尝试采用谱分解技术将地震资料从时间域转换到频率域,以单井钻遇断层作为验证条件,在优势频带内分别利用低频率相位数据体和高频率相位数据体进行了大断层和小断层的识别。裂缝单井识别是本文研究的重点,也是裂缝分布评价的关键,其识别技术方法采用了水平井的成像测井和直井常规测井资料进行,根据成像测井的影像特征识别出了连续高导裂缝、不连续高导裂缝、连续高阻裂缝、不连续高阻裂缝,并对裂缝的产状、参数进行了相关计算。通过常规测井对裂缝响应特征的分析,研究区有效裂缝往往表现为密度低、高中子孔隙度、高声波时差、高深浅侧向电阻率幅度差,考虑到非裂缝因素对常规测井的影响,往往不能靠单一测井系列、单一方法达到对裂缝有效的识别,文中通过深浅双侧向测井计算了裂缝孔隙度、宽度参数,应用判别分析建立了多测井系列裂缝识别的判别函数,应用R/S分析方法计算了井段的分形分维数,最后结合岩心裂缝特征综合建立了基于常规测井的综合裂缝识别标准。裂缝分布研究是基于裂缝密度来进行的,通过抽取了20条典型断层,对其附近不同距离的钻井进行了裂缝识别和裂缝密度计算,建立了断层附近裂缝发育的密度函数,并按照函数类型进行归类,最终按照断层规模(断层长度)建立了大、中、小断层控制的裂缝密度函数。根据断层对裂缝密度的控制函数,设计了相关计算方法,编制了计算程序,对研究区目的层段裂缝密度进行了计算,完成了对裂缝的分布预测。最后通过所有单井裂缝识别成果、生产动态所反映出的裂缝特征对研究区裂缝发育规律的认识和分布预测结果进行了验证和评价。
论文在对断层共生裂缝系统性研究、定量化评价思路与方法建立方面做了一些探索性工作,并且将研究成果与地质、测井、生产等各项资料所反映的实际裂缝特征相结合,研究成果对研究区目的层各断块的开发具有指导意义,研究成果对于目前注水开发中所出现问题的综合治理以及后续投产含油断块的开发方案编制提供可靠的依据。
The development of natural fracture in reservoir often decide the distribution of oil and gas, impact the filtrate characteristics of oil and gas development, so the study of natural fracture’s characteristics, causes and distribution have great significance to fracture reservoir exploration and development. From domestic and abroad previous research work on the fracture, the causes of the fracture is very complex, be controlled by many factors, and very difficult. The causes of the many types of fracture, the symbiotic fracture which related with fault have done some research by predecessor, received some awareness, but it is lack of systematic and quantitative evaluation of the distribution. Text to UPPER SHUAIBA formation, Daleel Oilfield, Oman reservoir an example, carry out the typical fault symbiotic fracture studies, provide reference and inspiration for the fault symbiotic fracture zone study
This paper is fully integrated geological background of the study area, first of all, through the core and core thin, the fracture was observed, described and been statistic, and combined with single-well analysis of fracture direction, inclination and parameters, summarized the fracture characteristics of the study area systematically. Combining the study area’s fracture development characteristics and the evolution of the tectonic and stress field, were analysis and comparison of fault fracture symbiotic mechanism and the breakdown characteristics, recognized that the fracture was controlled by the fault, is fault symbiotic fracture. Fault identification is the premise of fault symbiotic fracture study, through the use of spectral decomposition of seismic data converted from time domain to frequency domain, according a single well drilling meeting fault as valid condition, in the band edge, respectively, the use of low-frequency phase data and high - frequency phase data for a large body of small faults and fault identification. Identification of fracture in a single well is often the focus of the fracture study, but also the key to the evaluation of fracture distribution, mainly to take a horizontal well logging and imaging of conventional vertical well log data to identify fracture. According to the image features by imaging logging ,it recognized continuous high conductivity fracture, non-continuous high conductivity fracture, continuous high resistant fracture, non-continuous high resistant fracture, and calculated the relevant fracture occurrence and parameters. Through the analysis of conventional logging response to the fracture, the study area fracture is often manifested that low effective density, high neutron porosity, high-acoustic, high-resistivity range of the depth of the lateral deviation, but because of non-fracture on the impact of conventional logging, the effective identification of fracture often could not rely on a single logging series, a single method; therefore fracture porosity, width parameters are calculated by dual laterolog in text. Applied identification analysis to establish fracture identification function by a series of logging to identify, applied R / S analysis method to calculate fractal Well fractal dimension, and finally, combined the integrated characteristics of core fracture to establish conventional logging standard to identify fracture. Fracture distribution is carried out based on the fracture density, through the samples of 20 typical fault, identified the fracture and calculated its density of the vicinal drilling well, established the fracture density function near the fault, and classified in accordance with the function type, and ultimately according to the fault scale (fault length) established large, medium and small fault-controlled fracture density function. In accordance with the fault density of fracture in the control function, designed relevant calculation method, developed a computer program, calculated to the intended layer’s fracture density in study area, completed the distribution of fracture forecast. Finally, through all the fracture identify results of single well and the production reflects to the dynamic characteristics, verified and evaluated the understanding of the law of fracture development and the fracture predicting distribution in the study area.
In this paper, some exploratory works have been done to the fault symbiotic fracture’s systematic research, ideas and methods of quantitative evaluation establishment. And attend to combine the research results with the geology, well logging, production data, etc., which reflects the characteristics of the actual fracture. Research results have guiding significance to the block layer’s development of study area. Especially, provide a practical basis to the comprehensive management about the current development water-injection problems and the follow-up oil block’s development programming.
引文
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