我国低碳绿色油港构建机制研究
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摘要
近年来,我国油港数量和规模的不断增长对环境产生了严重的影响,大量老旧油船和老旧槽车在码头区域内运行排放了大量的温室气体和污染气体；由于人们对海洋自净能力估计过高,导致海洋一度被视为天然的垃圾处理厂,陆地废弃物、船舶污水和垃圾向海洋大量排放,码头海域污染非常严重；北方许多油港的输油管路及储油罐需加热保持通畅,致使加热系统分散、效率低下,排放了大量的温室气体；油港不能为油船提供废水处理而导致私自排放到港区海域,导致海水污染；输油管路、储油罐区设备老化,得不到更新改造,稍有不慎就发生漏油事件；在管理方面,由于安全意识淡薄、操作规范不健全、员工长期工作紧张等导致事故发生等。这些不仅影响了油港企业的可持续发展,也对港区员工及附近居民的生活环境、生命财产构成威胁。因此,如何建设低碳绿色油港,使其既能最大限度的发挥油港促进经济发展的作用,又能将其对环境的危害降到最低,已成为当前我国油港运营与管理过程中亟待解决的问题。
本文首先从理论研究入手,提出了低碳绿色港口是运用现代科学技术使港口生产活动运行高效、安全,能源消耗结构多样、合理,环境保护设施健全,管理先进,生态友好的港口的概念。并基于这一概念,指出低碳绿色油港是指运用现代科学技术使港口生产活动运行高效、安全,能源消耗结构多样、合理,环境保护设施健全,管理先进,生态友好的油港。并通过分析国内外低碳绿色油港的现状,指出了我国低碳绿色油港发展存在的问题；其次,针对低碳绿色油港发展缺乏系统评价体系的问题,结合油港的自身特点,查阅大量的相关资料和文献,最终选取了油港的水环境、大气环境、声环境、固体废物、生态环境、二氧化碳排放、能源消耗和工作安全等八项作为评价指标,参考相关法规、标准,构建了合理的、符合低碳绿色油港发展的评价标准,并运用云模型进行了实际评价；第三,论文系统分析了油港的油船装卸油品生产活动、辅助生产活动和生产服务活动三个生产流程,找出影响低碳绿色油港运行的重要环节和原因,构建了低碳绿色油港运行机制,以实现油港生产流程的低碳绿色运行；第四,针对低碳绿色油港发展缺乏纵向合作理念的问题,论文从合作主体及动力、合作协调关系和合作利益分配三方面进行了系统的分析和阐述。从油港纵向供应链的角度确定了参与合作构建低碳绿色油港的合作主体,采用非对称情况下的静态博弈模型对企业间的合作协调关系进行研究,采用Stackelberg均衡模型对企业与政府间合作协调关系进行研究；第五,针对低碳绿色油港发展管理水平低下,保障措施不完善等问题,论文分别从油港和政府两个角度进行阐述,并从监管机制、监测预警机制、应急保障机制三个方面系统全面地构建了低碳绿色油港的保障机制。
论文的创新点体现在：一是构建了低碳绿色油港发展水平评价指标体系,并运用云模型进行了实际评价；二是构建了低碳绿色油港运行机制；三是构建了低碳绿色油港合作机制,包括合作动力机制、合作协调机制和合作利益分配机制。
上述研究成果对我国低碳绿色油港的建设具有重要的理论意义和实践意义。
In recent years, the continuous growth of China's oil port's number and scale takes serious influence on the environment, such as a lot of old tankers and old tank cars within the terminal area emit large amounts of greenhouse gases and pollution gases; People overestimate the self-purification capacity of marine, leading to the ocean once considered as a natural waste disposal plants. With large numbers of land waste, ship sewage and garbage emissions to the ocean, the pollution of pier marine is very serious; Many northern oil pipeline roads and storage tanks need to be heated to keep them open, resulting in decentralized and inefficient heating systems and emitting large amounts of greenhouse gases; Port cannot provide wastewater treatment for oil tankers, resulting in unauthorized emissions to the port waters and pollution of the sea; The aging equipment of pipeline roads and tank areas are lack of renovation and the slightest mistakes can result in oil spill; In the aspect of management, safety consciousness, imperfect operating norms and the staff long-term work stress result in the accidents, etc. These not only affect the sustainable development of the oil companies, but also pose a threat to the living environment of the port staffs and nearby residents'property. Therefore, how to build a low-carbon green oil port to both maximize the oil port role in promoting economic development and to minimize the harm to the environment has become an urgent problem in China's oil port operations and management processes.
This article begin with theoretical study, proposing that low-carbon green port uses modern science and technology to make port production activities efficient, secure and energy consumption structure diverse, reasonable and improve environmental protection facilities, advanced management, the concept of eco-friendly port. Based on this concept, pointing out that low-carbon green oil port is a kind of oil port that uses modern science and technology to make port production activities efficient, security and energy consumption structure diverse, reasonable and improve environmental protection facilities, advanced management and eco-friendly. Though analysis of domestic and international low-carbon green oil port status quo, it points out that the problems of China's low-carbon green oil ports'development. Secondly, aiming at lack of systematic evaluation of the system for the development of low-carbon green oil port, combined with the characteristics of oil ports and referred to a lot of relevant information and documentations, it ultimately selects the water environment, the atmospheric environment, acoustic environment, solid waste, ecological environment, carbon dioxide emissions, energy consumption and safety at work as evaluation indexes. Referring to the relevant regulations, standards, it builds a reasonable, in line with the evaluation criteria of low-carbon green oil port development and use of the cloud model to the actual evaluation. Thirdly, it systematically analyzes the three production processes of the oil tanker loading and unloading, that is oil production activities, auxiliary production activities and production service activities, finds out the important parts and reasons that affect running of its low-carbon green and builds a low-carbon green oil port operation mechanism to realize the production process low-carbon and green. Thirdly, aiming at lack of vertical cooperation concept for low-carbon green oil port development, it systematically analyzes and elaborates the main and power of cooperation, cooperation and coordination relations and cooperation in the distribution of benefits. It determines collaborative agent from the perspective of the oil port vertical supply chain. It uses static game model under asymmetric coordination to study the relationship of cooperation between enterprises and Stackelberg equilibrium model to study the relations of cooperation and coordination between business and government. Fifthly, aiming at low level of management and imperfect safeguard measures for the development of low-carbon green oil port, the paper respectively describes from the point of the oil port to the government. Through the three aspects of regulatory mechanisms, monitoring and early warning mechanisms and emergency safeguard mechanism, it builds protection mechanism for the development of the low-carbon green oil port.
The paper's innovation is reflected in three aspects:Firstly, it builds the evaluation index system for the development of a low-carbon green oil port and applies the cloud model to the actual evaluation; Secondly, it builds the low-carbon green operating mechanism of the oil port:Thirdly, it builds low-carbon green development cooperation mechanisms of oil port, including the cooperative dynamic mechanism, cooperation and coordination mechanisms and co-allocation mechanism of interest.
The research results have important theoretical and practical significance for the construction of China's low-carbon green port.
本文首先从理论研究入手,提出了低碳绿色港口是运用现代科学技术使港口生产活动运行高效、安全,能源消耗结构多样、合理,环境保护设施健全,管理先进,生态友好的港口的概念。并基于这一概念,指出低碳绿色油港是指运用现代科学技术使港口生产活动运行高效、安全,能源消耗结构多样、合理,环境保护设施健全,管理先进,生态友好的油港。并通过分析国内外低碳绿色油港的现状,指出了我国低碳绿色油港发展存在的问题；其次,针对低碳绿色油港发展缺乏系统评价体系的问题,结合油港的自身特点,查阅大量的相关资料和文献,最终选取了油港的水环境、大气环境、声环境、固体废物、生态环境、二氧化碳排放、能源消耗和工作安全等八项作为评价指标,参考相关法规、标准,构建了合理的、符合低碳绿色油港发展的评价标准,并运用云模型进行了实际评价；第三,论文系统分析了油港的油船装卸油品生产活动、辅助生产活动和生产服务活动三个生产流程,找出影响低碳绿色油港运行的重要环节和原因,构建了低碳绿色油港运行机制,以实现油港生产流程的低碳绿色运行；第四,针对低碳绿色油港发展缺乏纵向合作理念的问题,论文从合作主体及动力、合作协调关系和合作利益分配三方面进行了系统的分析和阐述。从油港纵向供应链的角度确定了参与合作构建低碳绿色油港的合作主体,采用非对称情况下的静态博弈模型对企业间的合作协调关系进行研究,采用Stackelberg均衡模型对企业与政府间合作协调关系进行研究；第五,针对低碳绿色油港发展管理水平低下,保障措施不完善等问题,论文分别从油港和政府两个角度进行阐述,并从监管机制、监测预警机制、应急保障机制三个方面系统全面地构建了低碳绿色油港的保障机制。
论文的创新点体现在：一是构建了低碳绿色油港发展水平评价指标体系,并运用云模型进行了实际评价；二是构建了低碳绿色油港运行机制；三是构建了低碳绿色油港合作机制,包括合作动力机制、合作协调机制和合作利益分配机制。
上述研究成果对我国低碳绿色油港的建设具有重要的理论意义和实践意义。
In recent years, the continuous growth of China's oil port's number and scale takes serious influence on the environment, such as a lot of old tankers and old tank cars within the terminal area emit large amounts of greenhouse gases and pollution gases; People overestimate the self-purification capacity of marine, leading to the ocean once considered as a natural waste disposal plants. With large numbers of land waste, ship sewage and garbage emissions to the ocean, the pollution of pier marine is very serious; Many northern oil pipeline roads and storage tanks need to be heated to keep them open, resulting in decentralized and inefficient heating systems and emitting large amounts of greenhouse gases; Port cannot provide wastewater treatment for oil tankers, resulting in unauthorized emissions to the port waters and pollution of the sea; The aging equipment of pipeline roads and tank areas are lack of renovation and the slightest mistakes can result in oil spill; In the aspect of management, safety consciousness, imperfect operating norms and the staff long-term work stress result in the accidents, etc. These not only affect the sustainable development of the oil companies, but also pose a threat to the living environment of the port staffs and nearby residents'property. Therefore, how to build a low-carbon green oil port to both maximize the oil port role in promoting economic development and to minimize the harm to the environment has become an urgent problem in China's oil port operations and management processes.
This article begin with theoretical study, proposing that low-carbon green port uses modern science and technology to make port production activities efficient, secure and energy consumption structure diverse, reasonable and improve environmental protection facilities, advanced management, the concept of eco-friendly port. Based on this concept, pointing out that low-carbon green oil port is a kind of oil port that uses modern science and technology to make port production activities efficient, security and energy consumption structure diverse, reasonable and improve environmental protection facilities, advanced management and eco-friendly. Though analysis of domestic and international low-carbon green oil port status quo, it points out that the problems of China's low-carbon green oil ports'development. Secondly, aiming at lack of systematic evaluation of the system for the development of low-carbon green oil port, combined with the characteristics of oil ports and referred to a lot of relevant information and documentations, it ultimately selects the water environment, the atmospheric environment, acoustic environment, solid waste, ecological environment, carbon dioxide emissions, energy consumption and safety at work as evaluation indexes. Referring to the relevant regulations, standards, it builds a reasonable, in line with the evaluation criteria of low-carbon green oil port development and use of the cloud model to the actual evaluation. Thirdly, it systematically analyzes the three production processes of the oil tanker loading and unloading, that is oil production activities, auxiliary production activities and production service activities, finds out the important parts and reasons that affect running of its low-carbon green and builds a low-carbon green oil port operation mechanism to realize the production process low-carbon and green. Thirdly, aiming at lack of vertical cooperation concept for low-carbon green oil port development, it systematically analyzes and elaborates the main and power of cooperation, cooperation and coordination relations and cooperation in the distribution of benefits. It determines collaborative agent from the perspective of the oil port vertical supply chain. It uses static game model under asymmetric coordination to study the relationship of cooperation between enterprises and Stackelberg equilibrium model to study the relations of cooperation and coordination between business and government. Fifthly, aiming at low level of management and imperfect safeguard measures for the development of low-carbon green oil port, the paper respectively describes from the point of the oil port to the government. Through the three aspects of regulatory mechanisms, monitoring and early warning mechanisms and emergency safeguard mechanism, it builds protection mechanism for the development of the low-carbon green oil port.
The paper's innovation is reflected in three aspects:Firstly, it builds the evaluation index system for the development of a low-carbon green oil port and applies the cloud model to the actual evaluation; Secondly, it builds the low-carbon green operating mechanism of the oil port:Thirdly, it builds low-carbon green development cooperation mechanisms of oil port, including the cooperative dynamic mechanism, cooperation and coordination mechanisms and co-allocation mechanism of interest.
The research results have important theoretical and practical significance for the construction of China's low-carbon green port.
引文
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