划艇桨叶水动力性能数值模拟研究
摘要
本文以国际大赛中我国划艇运动员使用的桨叶作为研究对象,采用准静态研究方法,利用FLUENT商业软件对划艇桨叶水动力性能进行了数值模拟研究,运用计算流体力学、运动生物力学、运动训练学等多个交叉学科优势,对划艇单桨叶、双桨叶和多桨叶同时划桨时的水动力性能进行了全面地数值模拟研究,为运动员和教练员更科学、更合理选择划桨技术和风格,提高划艇比赛成绩提供了科学依据。
研究首先对在循环水槽中单桨叶不同浸水深度下和不同攻角下的水动力性能进行了数值模拟研究,讨论了不同湍流模型对计算结果的影响,通过与试验结果的比较分析,以及桨叶周围的流场特征与试验流场观察结果的比较,确定了S-A湍流模型二阶精度下的结果在本研究中的有效性较好。选取S-A模型对无限域中单桨叶的水动力性能进行数值模拟,与水槽域的计算结果进行比较。结果发现,水槽域尺寸较小使得水槽的边界条件对桨叶水动力性能计算结果产生一定的影响。以无限水域为基准,对三种排列方式的工况A、工况B和工况C下四种不同间距双桨叶、工况A下两种不同间距的三桨叶和工况A下的四桨叶水动力性能进行了数值模拟。
结果表明,不同工况的双桨叶研究中,1号位桨叶阻力随攻角变化的趋势与单桨叶一致,划桨前半周期桨叶阻力随攻角不断增加而增加,直至桨叶与来流垂直位置时为最大值,划桨后半周期桨叶阻力随攻角增加而减小,而且三种工况下桨叶阻力均有不同程度的降低；2号位桨叶阻力随攻角变化的趋势与1号位桨叶正好相反,划桨前半周期桨叶阻力随攻角增加而减小,直至桨叶与来流垂直位置降低为最小值,划桨后半周期桨叶阻力随攻角增加而不断增加。两桨叶升力随攻角变化趋势与单桨叶一致,划桨前半周期随攻角增加不断减小,在划桨后半周期随攻角增加逐渐增加,方向相反；不同工况下2号位桨叶的升力比1号位小,间距越大,错位距离越大,两桨叶升力差距越小。与单桨叶阻力比较发现,改变两桨叶间隔距离和排列工况时,两桨叶阻力均有不同程度降低,且桨叶与来流垂直位置时下降最为严重。1号位桨叶阻力在不同间距和不同工况下阻力性能变化较小。2号位桨叶间隔距离、错位程度越小,桨叶阻力降低越厉害,工况A下阻力下降最严重,工况C下阻力随攻角变化较小。文中还给出了双桨叶周围速度流场的速度矢量图,从流场图可以更清楚更细致地了解桨叶周围流场特征。
多桨叶水动力性能研究表明,多桨叶同时划桨时,桨叶之间的相互干扰非常明显,1号位桨叶阻力随攻角变化曲线的趋势与单桨叶的相似。2号位、3号位和4号位桨叶阻力随攻角变化曲线的趋势相似,与双桨叶计算中的2号位桨叶阻力变化规律相似。与单桨叶阻力比较发现,2号位桨叶阻力下降最为严重,其次是3号位桨叶和4号位桨叶。
本论文较为系统地开展了桨叶水动力性能的数值模拟研究,研究结果提示多桨叶同时划桨的多人集体划船运动项目中,运动员可通过增加两桨叶错位程度和间距距离提高桨叶阻力,教练员和运动员应采用合理的划桨技术,根据运动员力量素质与多桨叶水动力性能相一致的科学方法提高配艇技术,提高桨叶阻力,从而提高比赛成绩。
The purpose of this paper was to simulate the hydrodynamic performance of oar blades of canoes using FLUENT for the computation of fluid dynamics (CFD).
First of all, the numerical results of the force one blade in different span of angles of attack and different depth of blade in water in flume were obtained. The results of forces obtained from FLUENT were compared with the results acquired from experiments in flume. The result suggests that the S-A turbulence model was able to simulate the flow around the blade effectively in FLUENT.
Then, through enlarging the domain of computation, the influence of the domain size as flume can be compared with the enlarged domain. The results indicated that he domain size as flume was too small to enhance the force on the blade. Based on the over results, the research is conducted to the two blades that are arranged at different combinations of positions, in which the force applied on blades was analyzed. The two blades were arranged tandem in three methods, including tandem completely, tandem with haf of width of blade, and tandem with a width of blade, and the spacing interval between the two blade of0.75m,1.5m,2.25m and3.0m, respectively. Therefoe there were12ways to arrange these two blades in one angle of attack. With the angle of attack increasing, the interaction between the two blades increased. Meanwhile in the fist half of stroke, then with the angle of attack increasing the interation declined in the second half of stroke, the force on the oar1blade was same as the result from one blade. On the contrary, the force on oar2decreased with the angle of attack increasing in the first half of stroke, and increased with the angle of attack increasing in the second half of stroke.
Finally, the flow around three baldes and four blades were simulated. It is found that there were influences between the multi-blades in some degree. The rule of the force on oarl was same as the results of one blade with the angle of attack increasing. The rule of the force on oar2, oar3or oar4was same with the angle of attack increasing and the force on the balde decreased up to the minimum at the angle of 90°. The drag of the oar2declined worstly with the angle of attack, the force of oar3and oar4was close.
研究首先对在循环水槽中单桨叶不同浸水深度下和不同攻角下的水动力性能进行了数值模拟研究,讨论了不同湍流模型对计算结果的影响,通过与试验结果的比较分析,以及桨叶周围的流场特征与试验流场观察结果的比较,确定了S-A湍流模型二阶精度下的结果在本研究中的有效性较好。选取S-A模型对无限域中单桨叶的水动力性能进行数值模拟,与水槽域的计算结果进行比较。结果发现,水槽域尺寸较小使得水槽的边界条件对桨叶水动力性能计算结果产生一定的影响。以无限水域为基准,对三种排列方式的工况A、工况B和工况C下四种不同间距双桨叶、工况A下两种不同间距的三桨叶和工况A下的四桨叶水动力性能进行了数值模拟。
结果表明,不同工况的双桨叶研究中,1号位桨叶阻力随攻角变化的趋势与单桨叶一致,划桨前半周期桨叶阻力随攻角不断增加而增加,直至桨叶与来流垂直位置时为最大值,划桨后半周期桨叶阻力随攻角增加而减小,而且三种工况下桨叶阻力均有不同程度的降低；2号位桨叶阻力随攻角变化的趋势与1号位桨叶正好相反,划桨前半周期桨叶阻力随攻角增加而减小,直至桨叶与来流垂直位置降低为最小值,划桨后半周期桨叶阻力随攻角增加而不断增加。两桨叶升力随攻角变化趋势与单桨叶一致,划桨前半周期随攻角增加不断减小,在划桨后半周期随攻角增加逐渐增加,方向相反；不同工况下2号位桨叶的升力比1号位小,间距越大,错位距离越大,两桨叶升力差距越小。与单桨叶阻力比较发现,改变两桨叶间隔距离和排列工况时,两桨叶阻力均有不同程度降低,且桨叶与来流垂直位置时下降最为严重。1号位桨叶阻力在不同间距和不同工况下阻力性能变化较小。2号位桨叶间隔距离、错位程度越小,桨叶阻力降低越厉害,工况A下阻力下降最严重,工况C下阻力随攻角变化较小。文中还给出了双桨叶周围速度流场的速度矢量图,从流场图可以更清楚更细致地了解桨叶周围流场特征。
多桨叶水动力性能研究表明,多桨叶同时划桨时,桨叶之间的相互干扰非常明显,1号位桨叶阻力随攻角变化曲线的趋势与单桨叶的相似。2号位、3号位和4号位桨叶阻力随攻角变化曲线的趋势相似,与双桨叶计算中的2号位桨叶阻力变化规律相似。与单桨叶阻力比较发现,2号位桨叶阻力下降最为严重,其次是3号位桨叶和4号位桨叶。
本论文较为系统地开展了桨叶水动力性能的数值模拟研究,研究结果提示多桨叶同时划桨的多人集体划船运动项目中,运动员可通过增加两桨叶错位程度和间距距离提高桨叶阻力,教练员和运动员应采用合理的划桨技术,根据运动员力量素质与多桨叶水动力性能相一致的科学方法提高配艇技术,提高桨叶阻力,从而提高比赛成绩。
The purpose of this paper was to simulate the hydrodynamic performance of oar blades of canoes using FLUENT for the computation of fluid dynamics (CFD).
First of all, the numerical results of the force one blade in different span of angles of attack and different depth of blade in water in flume were obtained. The results of forces obtained from FLUENT were compared with the results acquired from experiments in flume. The result suggests that the S-A turbulence model was able to simulate the flow around the blade effectively in FLUENT.
Then, through enlarging the domain of computation, the influence of the domain size as flume can be compared with the enlarged domain. The results indicated that he domain size as flume was too small to enhance the force on the blade. Based on the over results, the research is conducted to the two blades that are arranged at different combinations of positions, in which the force applied on blades was analyzed. The two blades were arranged tandem in three methods, including tandem completely, tandem with haf of width of blade, and tandem with a width of blade, and the spacing interval between the two blade of0.75m,1.5m,2.25m and3.0m, respectively. Therefoe there were12ways to arrange these two blades in one angle of attack. With the angle of attack increasing, the interaction between the two blades increased. Meanwhile in the fist half of stroke, then with the angle of attack increasing the interation declined in the second half of stroke, the force on the oar1blade was same as the result from one blade. On the contrary, the force on oar2decreased with the angle of attack increasing in the first half of stroke, and increased with the angle of attack increasing in the second half of stroke.
Finally, the flow around three baldes and four blades were simulated. It is found that there were influences between the multi-blades in some degree. The rule of the force on oarl was same as the results of one blade with the angle of attack increasing. The rule of the force on oar2, oar3or oar4was same with the angle of attack increasing and the force on the balde decreased up to the minimum at the angle of 90°. The drag of the oar2declined worstly with the angle of attack, the force of oar3and oar4was close.
引文
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